(2-Methoxyethoxy)acetic acid: a urinary biomarker of exposure for jet fuel JP-8

Details

• Personal Author:
  B'Hymer, Clayton ; Butler MA ; Cheever KL ; Clark JC ; Gibson RL ; Kesner JS ; Krieg, Edward Jr. ; Mathias P ; Toennis CA
• Description:
  PURPOSE: To demonstrate the utility of the urinary metabolite (2-methoxyethoxy)acetic acid (MEAA) as a biomarker of exposure. 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol [diethylene glycol monomethyl ether] is an anti-icing agent used in the formulation of JP-8, and it is added at a known uniform 0.1 percent (v/v) concentration to each batch lot. JP-8 is a kerosene-based fuel containing different compounds that vary in the content of every batch/lot of fuel; thus, MEAA has the potential to be a more specific and a consistent quantitative biomarker for JP-8 exposure. METHODS: MEAA was used to measure exposure of jet propulsion fuel 8 (JP-8) in United States Air Force (USAF) personnel working at six airbases within the United States. Post-shift urine specimens from various personnel including high (n = 98), moderate (n = 38), and low (n = 61) exposure workgroup categories were collected and analyzed by a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric test method. The three exposure groups were evaluated for the number per group positive for MEAA, and a statistical analysis consisted of pair-wise t-tests for unequal variances was used to test for the differences in mean MEAA concentrations between the exposure groups. RESULTS: The number of samples detected as positive for MEAA exposure, that is, those above the test method's limit of detection (LOD = 0.1 mcg/ml), were 92 (93.9 percent), 13 (34.2 percent), and 2 (3.3 percent) for the high, moderate, and low exposure workgroup categories, respectively. The mean urinary MEAA level was significantly greater in the high exposure category (6.8 mcg/ml), compared to the moderate (0.42 mcg/ml) and the low (0.07 mcg/ml) exposure categories. The maximum concentration of urinary MEAA was 110 mcg/ml for the high exposure category, while 4.8 mcg/ml and 0.2 mcg/ml maximum levels were found in the moderate and low exposure categories, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that urinary MEAA can be used as an accurate biomarker of exposure for JP-8 workers and clearly distinguished the differences in JP-8 exposure by workgroup category. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Acetamides Aircraft Biochemistry Biomarkers Energy Metabolism Environmental Monitoring Fuel Oils Mass Spectrometry Occupational Health Safety Urine

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• Keywords:
  Acetic-acids Biochemical-indicators Exposure-assessment Fuels Gas-chromatography Jet-engine-fuels Mass-spectrometry Metabolites Military-personnel Sampling Sampling-methods Statistical-analysis Urinalysis Urine-chemistry

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• ISSN:
  0340-0131
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Maryland ; Ohio ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  DART - Division of Applied Research and Technology
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  413-420
• Volume:
  85
• Issue:
  4
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20039306
• Citation:
  Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2012 May; 85(4):413-420
• Contact Point Address:
  C. B'Hymer, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
• Email:
  cbhymer@cdc.gov
• CAS Registry Number:
  (2-Methoxyethoxy)acetic acid (CAS RN 16024-56-9) ; Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (CAS RN 111-90-0) ; Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (CAS RN 111-77-3) ; Kerosene (CAS RN 8008-20-6)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2012
• NORA Priority Area:
  Healthcare and Social Assistance ; Services ; Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:91656663602de85a2456265aed6ab8fc49a4c6e982681b52e32cbd5bf372bf73860fc38ff665109f5004c841617983496a639380cab9a489a44390cdb3991026
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/192668/cdc_192668_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 232.09 KB ]