The mismeasure of dermal absorption

Details

• Personal Author:
  Kissel JC
• Description:
  The results of dermal absorption experiments are routinely and often exclusively reported in terms of fractional absorption. However, fractional absorption is not generally independent of skin loading conditions. As a consequence, experimental outcomes are commonly misinterpreted. This can lead in turn to poor estimation of exposures under field conditions and inadequate threat assessment. To aid interpretation of dermal absorption-related phenomena, a dimensionless group representing the ratio of mass delivery to plausible absorptive flux under experimental or environmental conditions is proposed. High values of the dimensionless dermal number (N(DERM)) connote surplus supply (i.e., flux-limited) conditions. Under such conditions, fractional absorption will generally depend on load and should not be assumed transferable to other conditions. At low values of N(DERM), dermal absorption will be delivery-limited. Under those conditions, high fractional absorption is feasible barring maldistribution or depletion due to volatilization, washing, mechanical abrasion or other means. Similar logic also applies to skin sampling and dermal toxicity testing. Skin surface sampling at low N(DERM) is unlikely to provide an appropriate measure of potential dermal dose due to depletion, whereas dermal toxicity testing at high N(DERM) is unlikely to show dose dependence due to saturation. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Aging Environmental Exposure Environmental Health Men Occupational Health Safety Skin Skin Absorption Women
• Keywords:
  Age-groups Author Keywords: Availability Dimensionless Number Environmental-exposure Environmental-factors Exposure-levels Exposure-limits Flux Humans Models Skin Skin-absorption Skin-exposure

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• ISSN:
  1559-0631
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Ohio ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  302-309
• Volume:
  21
• Issue:
  3
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20039194
• Citation:
  J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2011 May; 21(3):302-309
• Contact Point Address:
  Professor John C. Kissel, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University ofWashington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 100, Seattle, WA 98105
• Email:
  jkissel@u.washington.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2011
• NORA Priority Area:
  Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing ; Manufacturing
• Performing Organization:
  University of Cincinnati
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20020901
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology
• End Date:
  20130731
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:fc7c007d230e0d380fa23a1c037db8db292d6b54a893e64e08f7d40e5f8558ec0904063c6c16791ba3b8a505315ed165572684d7845622b6c454a390e25407d9
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/192632/cdc_192632_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 398.44 KB ]