Toxicogenomics - applications in systems toxicology

Details

• Personal Author:
  Joseph P
• Description:
  Great progress has been made in the last several decades in determining the potential of chemicals to cause toxicity as well as elucidating the potential mechanisms underlying their toxicity. A variety of approaches may be employed to determine whether a chemical is toxic or not. The ultimate goal of a successful toxicity test has to be its ability to predict most accurately the potential of a chemical to cause toxicity in a human being following exposure to the chemical in question. The desired features of an ideal toxicity test are: (i) sensitivity - the test should be highly sensitive so as to detect subtle or pre-clinical toxicity much before the onset of any clinical symptom of toxicity; (ii) non-invasiveness the test should be applicable in situations of human monitoring for chemical exposure and the resulting toxicity and this is possible at best only if the test can be conducted non-invasively using easily accessible bio-fluids such as peripheral blood, urine, etc., that may serve as surrogate{s) for target organ(s); (iii) simple - the test should be simple so that it 'can be performed easily without the need for highly sophisticated equipment or significant technical expertise; (iv) specificity; (v) cost-effectiveness; and (vi) reproducibility. Being able to accurately predict the potential of chemicals to cause toxicity immediately following exposure has the unique advantage of implementing strategies to prevent the onset of toxicity so as to protect the exposed individuals from developing adverse health effect(s). [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Chemistry Environmental Monitoring Hazardous Substances Health Care Facilities Workforce And Services Hypersensitivity Occupational Health Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety Toxicology
• Keywords:
  Biohazards Biological-effects Biological-monitoring Chemical-hypersensitivity Chemical-properties Chemical-reactions Chemical-synthesis Exposure-assessment Exposure-levels Health-hazards Health-protection Health-standards Medical-monitoring Medical-screening Physiological-chemistry Physiological-effects Physiological-factors Physiological-measurements Physiological-response Physiological-testing Quantitative-analysis Risk-analysis Risk-factors Sampling-methods Toxic-effects Toxic-materials Toxins

  More +
• ISBN:
  9780470684016
• Publisher:
  John Wiley &. Sons, Ltd
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Book
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  17-32
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20039098
• Citation:
  Handbook of systems toxicology. Casciano DA, Sahu SC, eds. Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom: John Wiley &. Sons, Ltd, 2011 Jan; :17-32
• Contact Point Address:
  Pius Joseph, Molecular Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National lnstitute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA
• Editor(s):
  Casciano DA; Sahu SC
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2011
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  Handbook of systems toxicology
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:8ef723180b4bd3d2c791a9195b2b123520186a99f6296756c000c41c8525f17d1d0839a7557fe156eeb67d1c157a32d225f2e3bd2c2983dfc53217c5f5aea7fe
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/192576/cdc_192576_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 3.40 MB ]