Biophysical models for skin transport and absorption

Details

• Personal Author:
  Kasting GB ; Nitsche JM
• Description:
  Absorption of molecules (applied drugs and chemicals) through the skin proceeds bv sequential diffusion steps through the stratum corneum (SC, barrier), viable epidermal, and dermal layers (1-3). Within each of these strata, absorption involves partitioning into and diffusion within several components of an inherently heterogeneous microstructure, and in the dermis it is accompanied by clearance into the systemic circulation via the dermal vasculature. Microscopic theoretical models of these transport processes have evolved to the point where they can often yield mechanistic understanding and reasonable quantitative predictions of transdermal transport rates, subsurface concentration levels, and rates of vascular clearance. Such models--and the understanding they carry with them--are playing a growing role in the areas of topical and transdermally delivered drug development (4-6) and risk assessment of chemical exposure (7- 10). Their importance in the first area is underscored by the facts that" overcoming the skin barrier in a safe and effective way still remains the bottleneck of transdermal and topical therapies" (11), and that "the transdermal route now vies with oral treatment as the most successful innovative research area in drug delivery, with around 40% of drug delivery candidate products under clinical evaluation related to transdermal or dermal systems" (12). Direct relevance of biophysical models to risk assessment is also high because the number of chemicals to which the population is exposed on a daily basis far exceeds the small fraction thereof that could ever be studied experimentally. For the remaining compounds (the vast majority), judicious application of well-conceived mathematical models can make the difference between a plausible and defensible risk analysis and the lack thereof. Both areas furnish strong motivation to understand how microscopic physiological structure and heterogeneity govern penetration. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Chemistry Drug Therapy Occupational Health Safety Skin Skin Absorption
• Keywords:
  Absorption-rates Chemical-kinetics Chemical-properties Dermatology Drug-therapy Drugs Models Physiological-effects Physiological-factors Physiological-response Skin-absorption Skin-exposure

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• ISBN:
  9780849375910
• Publisher:
  Informa Healthcare
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Book
• Place as Subject:
  New York ; Ohio ; OSHA Region 2 ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  249-267
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20038216
• Citation:
  Dermal absorption and toxicity assessment, 2nd edition. Roberts MS, Walters KA, eds. New York: Informa Healthcare, 2007 Dec; :249-267
• Editor(s):
  Roberts MS; Walters KA
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2008
• Performing Organization:
  University of Cincinnati
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Start Date:
  20020901
• Source Full Name:
  Dermal absorption and toxicity assessment, 2nd edition
• End Date:
  20130731
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:6ac7aa3a580c0fc93bc14eebe9ef634ca6f355a10af240811f511915acce2720d387d87e2af9bfdbb4cb35f4a14bcf19475fa233d1fe69f07a7b63d0d5ae3b17
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/191990/cdc_191990_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 5.87 MB ]