Lung Dosimetry Models in Rats and Humans: Use and Evaluation for Risk Assessment of Nanoparticles

Details

• Personal Author:
  Bailer AJ ; Castranova, Vincent ; Kuempel, Eileen D. ; Tran CL
• Description:
  Lung dosimetry models are useful in the risk assessment of inhaled particles of all sizes by providing a biologically-based, mechanistic approach to predicting the internal dose to the lungs. Human data are limited for the risk assessment of nanoparticles, but dose-response data are available in rats exposed to ultrafine or fine particles. These studies have shown a consistent relationship between the lung dose as particle surface area and pulmonary inflammation and lung cancer in rats. To use these data in risk assessment, a scientifically reasonable approach for extrapolating the rodent data to humans is required, including adjustment for species differences in the relationship between airborne exposures and internal dose. We illustrate the key steps in a quantitative risk assessment, using dose-response data in rats with chronic inhalation exposure to poorly-soluble ultrafine and fine particles. The excess risk estimates are extrapolated from rats observed vs. model-predicted lung burdens in rats exposed to fine or ultrafine poorly-soluble to humans using either allometric adjustments or lung dosimetry models. We also compare particles. Finally, we describe ongoing research to evaluate and extend current rat and human lung dosimetry models to improve dose estimation of inhaled nanoparticles. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Animals Laboratories Lung Lung Diseases Neoplasms Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Radiation Dosimeters Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Risk Assessment Safety

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• Keywords:
  Animal-studies Cancer Chronic-exposure Dose-response Dosimetry Laboratory-animals Lung-burden Lung-cancer Models Nanotechnology Occupational-exposure Pulmonary-system-disorders Quantitative-analysis Risk-analysis

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• Publisher:
  Air Pollution Health Effects Laboratory, University of California
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Proceedings
• Place as Subject:
  California ; Ohio ; OSHA Region 5 ; OSHA Region 9
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  EID - Education and Information Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20030839
• Citation:
  Frontiers in Aerosol Dosimetry Research: Proceedings of a Conference, October 24-25, 2005, Irvine, California. Phalen RF, Oldham MJ, Akhavan SW, Hoover MD, Asotra K, eds., Irvine, CA: Air Pollution Health Effects Laboratory, APHL Report No. 06-01, University of California, 2006 Jun; :5-18-5-26
• Email:
  ekuempel@cdc.gov
• Editor(s):
  Phalen RF; Oldham MJ; Akhavan SW; Hoover MD; Asotra K
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2006
• NORA Priority Area:
  Research Tools and Approaches: Risk Assessment Methods
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  Frontiers in Aerosol Dosimetry Research: Proceedings of a Conference, October 24-25, 2005, Irvine, California
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:fccdb4a41880cd95661f5be912e4a163b8a2fcc3a340c742ff309dc7c779d8a1638ec82e1a19b6411e869fa61c7ac8e619b1e4366c981d94b65fe45b18a8f3b7
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/191312/cdc_191312_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 2.03 MB ]