Chlorine-Induced Injury to the Airways in Mice

Details

• Personal Author:
  Campbell HR ; Eidelman DH ; Gautrin D ; Hamid Q ; Iijima H ; Maghni K ; Malo JL ; Martin JG ; Campbell HR ; Eidelman DH ; Gautrin D ; Hamid Q ; Iijima H ; Maghni K ; Malo JL ; Martin JG
• Description:
  Exposure to chlorine gas (Cl2) causes occupational asthma that we hypothesized occurs through the induction of airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness by oxidative damage. Respiratory mechanics and airway responsiveness to methacholine were assessed in A/J mice 24 hours after a 5-minute exposure to 100, 200, 400, or 800 ppm Cl2 and 2 and 7 days after inhalation of 400 ppm Cl2. Airway responsiveness was higher 24 hours after 400 and 800 ppm Cl2. Responsiveness after inhalation of 400 ppm Cl2 returned to normal by 2 days but was again elevated at 7 days. Airway epithelial loss, patchy alveolar damage, proteinaceous exudates, and inflammatory cells within alveolar walls were observed in animals exposed to 800 ppm Cl2. Macrophages, granulocytes, epithelial cells, and nitrate/nitrite levels increased in lung lavage fluid. Increased inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and oxidation of lung proteins were observed. Epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages from mice exposed to 800 ppm Cl2 stained for 3-nitrotyrosine residues. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase with 1400W (1 mg/kg) abrogated the Cl2-induced changes in responsiveness. We conclude that chlorine exposure causes functional and pathological changes in the airways associated with oxidative stress. Inducible nitric oxide synthase is involved in the induction of changes in responsiveness to methacholine. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Animals Asthma Asthma, Occupational Chemical Warfare Agents Chlorine Compounds Laboratories Methacholine Compounds Occupational Diseases Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Safety

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• Keywords:
  Airway-obstruction Airway-resistance Animal-studies Author Keywords: Chlorine Bronchial-asthma Chemical-warfare-agents Chlorine-compounds Diseases Dose-response Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Injuries Laboratory-animals Methacholines Nitric Oxide Occupational-diseases Occupational-exposure Oxidative Injury Pulmonary-system-disorders

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• ISSN:
  1073-449X
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article ; Journal Article
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health ; Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America ; North America
• Volume:
  168
• Issue:
  5
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20029218
• Citation:
  Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003 Sep; 168(5):568-574
• Contact Point Address:
  James G. Martin, M.D, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, 3626 St Urbain, Montreal, Province of Quebec, H2X 2P2 Canada
• Email:
  james.martin@mcgill.ca
• CAS Registry Number:
  Chlorine (CAS RN 7782-50-5) ; Chlorine (CAS RN 7782-50-5)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2003
• Performing Organization:
  Hospital du Sacre-Coeur, Montreal, Quebec
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  19990930
• Source Full Name:
  American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
• End Date:
  20021229
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:31234262c521c3d44b41914c2cc15989632c1587a963fc09bff7b074f012322695f34a1744edd63b887b79b16e6b45de919267b88b948ac2f3ca4bef1fd2e019
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/190252/cdc_190252_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 201.10 KB ]