Respiratory Toxicologic Pathology of Inhaled Diacetyl in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Details

• Personal Author:
  Battelli LA ; Castranova, Vincent ; Frazer D ; Friend S ; Goldsmith WT ; Hubbs, Ann F. ; Kashon ML ; Kullman, Greg J. ; Mercer RR ; Schwegler-Berry D
• Description:
  Inhalation of butter flavoring vapors by food manufacturing workers causes an emerging lung disease clinically resembling bronchiolitis obliterans. Diacetyl, an alpha-diketone, is a major component of these vapors. In rats, we investigated the toxicity of inhaled diacetyl at concentrations of up to 365 ppm (time weighted average), either as six-hour continuous exposures or as four brief, intense exposures over six hours. A separate group inhaled a single pulse of approximately 1800 ppm diacetyl (92.9 ppm six-hour average). Rats were necropsied 18 to 20 hours after exposure. Diacetyl inhalation caused epithelial necrosis and suppurative to fibrinosuppurative inflammation in the nose, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. Bronchi were affected at diacetyl concentrations of 294.6 ppm or greater; the trachea and larynx were affected at diacetyl concentrations of 224 ppm or greater. Both pulsed and continuous exposure patterns caused epithelial injury. The nose had the greatest sensitivity to diacetyl. Ultrastructural changes in the tracheal epithelium included whorling and dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, chromatin clumping beneath the nuclear membrane, vacuolation, increased intercellular space and foci of denuded basement membrane. Edema and hemorrhage extended into the lamina propria. These findings are consistent with the conclusion that inhaled diacetyl is a respiratory hazard. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Hazardous Substances Hypersensitivity Irritants Lung Lung Diseases Occupational Health Respiratory Hypersensitivity Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety Solvents Workplace

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• Keywords:
  2,3-butanedione Airways Obstruction Author Keywords: Diacetyl Bronchiolitis Obliterans Chemical-hypersensitivity Flavorings Food Processing Workers Inhalation-studies Ketones Organic-compounds Pulmonary-disorders Pulmonary-system-disorders Respiratory-hypersensitivity Respiratory-irritants Respiratory-system-disorders Risk-analysis Risk-factors Sensitization Toxic-vapors Vapors Volatiles Work-environment Worker-health Workplace-studies

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• ISSN:
  0192-6233
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  330-344
• Volume:
  36
• Issue:
  2
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20034064
• Citation:
  Toxicol Pathol 2008 Feb; 36(2):330-344
• Contact Point Address:
  Ann Hubbs DVM, PhD, DACVP, Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505
• Email:
  ahubbs@cdc.gov
• CAS Registry Number:
  Butanedione (CAS RN 431-03-8)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2008
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Toxicologic Pathology
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:6f1c6465cb237eb38932f587f94463cad7c6e6c3f2375b005bf89eb36e1070d381b4ae18923478e3623f2360d7e1fdf3efeec641c6fe55d670064e8039e457c2
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/189440/cdc_189440_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 9.01 MB ]