Estimating Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations in Selected Microenvironments Using Time-Activity and Personal Exposure Data

Details

• Personal Author:
  Adgate JL ; Mongin, Steven J. ; Morandi MT ; Pratt GC ; Ramachandran G ; Sexton K ; Stock TH
• Description:
  Repeated measures of personal exposure to 14 volatile organic compounds (VOC) were obtained over 3 seasons for 70 healthy, nonsmoking adults living in Minneapolis-St. Paul. Matched data were also available for participants' time-activity patterns, and measured VOC concentrations outdoors in the community and indoors in residences. A novel modeling approach employing hierarchical Bayesian techniques was used to estimate VOC concentrations (posterior mode) and variability (credible intervals) in five microenvironments: (1) indoors at home; (2) indoors at work/school; (3) indoors in other locations; (4) outdoors in any location; and (5) in transit. Estimated concentrations tended to be highest in "other" indoor microenvironments (e.g., grocery stores, restaurants, shopping malls), intermediate in the indoor work/school and residential microenvironments, and lowest in the outside and in-transit microenvironments. Model estimates for all 14 VOC were reasonable approximations of measured median concentrations in the indoor residential microenvironment. The largest predicted contributor to cumulative (2-day) personal exposure for all 14 VOC was the indoor residential environment. Model-based results suggest that indoors-at-work/school and indoors-at-other-location microenvironments were the second or third largest contributors for all VOC, while the outside-in-any-location and in-transit microenvironments appeared to contribute negligibly to cumulative personal exposure. Results from a mixed-effects model indicate that being in or near a garage increased personal exposure to o-xylene, m/p-xylene, benzene, ethylbenzene, and toluene, and leaving windows and doors at home open for 6 h or more decreased personal exposure to 13 of 14 VOC, all except trichloroethylene. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollutants, Occupational Air Pollution, Indoor Environmental Exposure Environmental Monitoring Hazardous Substances Health Care Facilities Workforce And Services Hypersensitivity Inhalation Exposure Occupational Health Particulate Matter Public Health Respiratory System Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety Surveys And Questionnaires

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• Keywords:
  Air-contamination Airborne-particles Biohazards Biological-effects Chemical-hypersensitivity Environmental-exposure Exposure-assessment Exposure-levels Exposure-methods Health-hazards Inhalants Inhalation-studies Mathematical-models Medical-monitoring Medical-surveys Medical-treatment Organic-chemicals Particle-aerodynamics Particulate-sampling-methods Particulates Physiological-effects Physiological-factors Physiological-response Physiological-testing Public-health Quantitative-analysis Risk-analysis Risk-factors Statistical-analysis

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• ISSN:
  1528-7394
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Minnesota ; OSHA Region 5 ; OSHA Region 6 ; Texas
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  465-476
• Volume:
  70
• Issue:
  5
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20037426
• Citation:
  J Toxicol Environ Health A 2007 Jan; 70(5):465-476
• Contact Point Address:
  Ken Sexton, University of Texas School of Public Health, Brownsville Regional Campus, RAHC Building, 80 Fort Brown, Brownsville, TX 78520
• Email:
  Ken.Sexton@utb.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  Benzene (CAS RN 71-43-2) ; Ethylbenzene (CAS RN 100-41-4) ; o-Xylene (CAS RN 95-47-6) ; Toluene (CAS RN 108-88-3) ; Trichloroethylene (CAS RN 79-01-6)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2007
• Performing Organization:
  University of Minnesota Twin Cities
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues
• End Date:
  20250630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:0152a7191a303ab51611750bb6139eb87c0be1e1e0fb2953c9feb145bfa24dd6f0b3d32be45f538db0b71a1dc1136626ef9505dc908b6ea203b0aa11a6e433a8
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/188524/cdc_188524_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 260.89 KB ]