Thyroid Disease Associated with Exposure to the Nevada Nuclear Weapons Test Site Radiation: A Reevaluation Based on Corrected Dosimetry and Examination Data

Details

• Personal Author:
  Alder SC ; Anspaugh L ; Carroll R ; Hegmann KT ; Hoffman FO ; Holubkov R ; Lyon JL ; Meikle AW ; Reading JC ; Scholl A ; Sheng X ; Simon SL ; Stone MB ; Thomas B ; White GL Jr.
• Description:
  Background: A study was begun in 1965 to 1966 to determine whether children exposed to radioactive iodine from nuclear weapons testing at the Nevada Test Site from 1951 through 1962 were at higher risk of thyroid disease. In 1993, we reported that among those examined in 1985 to 1986 (Phase II) there was an association between radiation from the Nevada Test Site and thyroid neoplasms. Methods: We reevaluated the relationship between exposure to Nevada Test Site fallout and thyroid disease using newly corrected dose estimates and disease outcomes from the Phase II study. A prospective cohort of school children 12 to 18 years old living in Utah, Nevada, and Arizona was first examined for thyroid disease in 1965 to 1966 and reexamined in 1985 to 1986. In the Phase II report, 2497 subjects formed the basis for this analysis. Thyroid disease, including thyroid neoplasms and thyroiditis, was expressed as cumulative incidence and risk ratios (RRs) with a dose-response expressed as excess risk ratio (ERR/Gy). Results: The RR between thyroid radiation dose in the highest dose group and thyroid neoplasms increased from 3.4 (in the earlier analysis) to 7.5. The RR for thyroiditis increased from 1.1 to 2.7 with an ERR/Gy of 4.9 (95% confidence interval = 2.0 to 10.0). There were too few malignant thyroid neoplasms to estimate risk. Conclusions: Persons exposed to radioactive iodine as children have an increased risk of thyroid neoplasms and autoimmune thyroiditis up to 30 years after exposure. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Environmental Monitoring Neoplasms Nuclear Power Plants Occupational Health Radiation Radiation Injuries Risk Assessment Safety
• Keywords:
  Children Dose-response Exposure-assessment Nuclear-energy Nuclear-radiation Nuclear-wastes Radiation-effects Radiation-exposure Radiation-injury Radioactive-contaminants Radioactive-contamination Radioactive-fallout Risk-analysis Thyroid-gland Thyroid-gland-disorders

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• ISSN:
  1044-3983
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant ; Cooperative Agreement
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Maryland ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 4 ; OSHA Region 6 ; OSHA Region 8 ; Tennessee ; Texas ; Utah
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  17
• Issue:
  6
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20037327
• Citation:
  Epidemiology 2006 Nov; 17(6):604-614
• Contact Point Address:
  Joseph L. Lyon, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, 375 Chipeta Way, Suite A, Salt Lake City, UT 84108
• Email:
  jlyon@dfpm.utah.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  Iodine (CAS RN 7553-56-2)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2007
• Performing Organization:
  University of Utah
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  Epidemiology
• End Date:
  20280630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:7416abd526a36a49aaae16d172eef7954643202f9321d534267a42c2308606da1490e6d48da98571298728aedcee4853f799c6e734701ce68db687474e03d426
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/188432/cdc_188432_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 852.78 KB ]