Irritancy and Allergic Responses Induced by Topical Application of Ortho-Phthalaldehyde

Details

• Personal Author:
  Anderson, Stacey E. ; Fluharty K ; Franko J ; Jackson LG ; Johnson VJ ; Joseph P ; Kashon M ; Sellamuthu R ; Umbright C
• Description:
  Although ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) has been suggested as an alternative to glutaraldehyde for the sterilization and disinfection of hospital equipment, the toxicity has not been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the irritancy and sensitization potential of OPA. The EpiDerm Skin Irritation Test was used to evaluate in vitro irritancy potential of OPA and glutaraldehyde. Treatment with 0.4125 and 0.55% OPA induced irritation, while glutaraldehyde exposure at these concentrations did not. Consistent with the in vitro results, OPA induced irritancy, evaluated by ear swelling, when mice were treated with 0.75%. Initial evaluation of the sensitization potential was conducted using the local lymph node assay at concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 0.75%. A concentration-dependent increase in lymphocyte proliferation was observed with a calculated EC3 value of 0.051% compared to that of 0.089%, previously determined for glutaraldehyde. Immunoglobulin (Ig) E-inducing potential was evaluated by phenotypic analysis of draining lymph node (DLN) cells and measurement of total and specific serum IgE levels. The 0.1 and 0.75% exposed groups yielded significant increases in the IgE1B2201 cell population in the lymph nodes while the 0.75% treated group demonstrated significant increases in total IgE, OPA-specific IgE, and OPA-specific IgG1. In addition, significant increases in interleukin-4 messenger RNA and protein expression in the DLNs were observed in OPA-treated groups. The results demonstrate the dermal irritancy and allergic potential of OPA and raise concern about the proposed/intended use of OPA as a safe alternative to glutaraldehyde. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Biochemistry Chemistry Disinfectants Energy Metabolism Environmental Monitoring Hazardous Substances Hospitals Hypersensitivity Occupational Health Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety Skin

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• Keywords:
  Asthma Author Keywords: OPA Biochemical-tests Biodynamics Biological-effects Biological-monitoring Biological-transport Biostatistics Chemical-hypersensitivity Chemical-reactions Cleaning-compounds Exposure-assessment Exposure-levels Exposure-methods Hospital-equipment Hypersensitivity IgE Metabolic-study Pharmacodynamics Quantitative-analysis Risk-analysis Risk-factors Skin-exposure Skin-irritants Skin-sensitivity Statistical-analysis Toxic-effects Toxic-materials Toxins

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• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  435-443
• Volume:
  115
• Issue:
  2
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20036865
• Citation:
  Toxicol Sci 2010 Feb; 115(2):435-443
• Contact Point Address:
  Stacey E. Anderson, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505
• Email:
  sanderson4@cdc.gov
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2010
• NORA Priority Area:
  Healthcare and Social Assistance
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Toxicological Sciences
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:0a588d14bea55d39f800346d1f2ee0fc8aaddf40fbf351efb82f4be9ef2d063622ef9b7d0d5f18e8a20c662d1efd791e87965824cda1cb7b8c76eca9816bcb0a
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/188111/cdc_188111_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 198.88 KB ]