Hepatic and Pulmonary Differential Toxicity and Pathogenicity of Hevavalent Chromium, Nickel, and Cadmium

Details

• Personal Author:
  Hall J ; Jackson D ; Leonard, Stephen S. ; Lewis JA ; Meighan T ; Pack D ; Rebecca CC ; Valerie MC ; Vallyathan V
• Description:
  Both civilians and military personnel can be exposed to toxic chemicals and materials from occupational sources, environmental pollution, or as the result of military activity. The goal in this first stage of our study was to measure oxidative stress markers after different transition metal exposures. We performed a toxicological study to examine these effects using rats treated through I.P. injection. Sprague- Dawley rats were dosed with NiCl2 (0.25. 0.5, 0.75 mmol/kg BW), Na2Cr2O7 (5, 10, 20 mg/kg BW) and CdCl2 (0.5, 1.25, 2.5 mg/kg BW) and humanely sacrificed 1, 3 and 7 days post exposure. Liver tissue, kidney tissue, blood and lung lavage fluid were collected and analyzed. Liver tissue showed an increase in oxidative damage, through lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide production, in all metal exposures with Cr being the most dramatic and Ni showing damage at days 3 and 7. Kidney tissue demonstrated immediate damage from Cr and then showed recovery, while Cd and Ni showed effects at day 7, at the highest concentration. Electron spin resonance results showed an increase in hydroxyl radical formation in liver and kidney tissue from Cr, day 1, as well as Cd & Ni on days 3 and 7, at the highest exposure levels. Bronchiopulmonary lavage was also performed on the rats to yield macrophages and cell for differential measurements. From this a small rise in Cr exposed animals indicated a cross talk from the I.P. exposure. To summarize, Cr-induced oxidative damage at day 1 was reduced or resolved at day 7, while Cd and Ni produced more oxidative damage at days 3 and 7 at the higher exposure levels. This data will be combined with the second stage of our study which involved the analysis of blood biomarkers and gene transcripts to develop a method of identifying early biomarkers of transition metal exposure. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollutants, Occupational Chemistry Digestive System Dust Environmental Exposure Environmental Monitoring Genetics Hazardous Substances Hypersensitivity Inhalation Exposure Laboratories Liver Lung Metals Microbiology Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Particulate Matter Respiratory System Safety

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• Keywords:
  Airborne-particles Biological-effects Cell-biology Cellular-reactions Chemical-hypersensitivity Chemical-reactions Environmental-exposure Exposure-assessment Exposure-levels Exposure-methods Genes Genetic-factors Hepatotoxicity Inhalants Inhalation-studies Laboratory-animals Laboratory-testing Liver-function Liver-microsomes Metal-dusts Metal-fumes Microscopic-analysis Military-personnel Occupational-exposure Particle-aerodynamics Particulate-dust Particulates Pulmonary-system Pulmonary-system-disorders Toxic-effects Toxins

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• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 8 ; Utah ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  114
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20036638
• Citation:
  Toxicologist 2010 Mar; 114(1):463
• CAS Registry Number:
  Cadmium (CAS RN 7440-43-9) ; Chromium (CAS RN 7440-47-3) ; Nickel (CAS RN 7440-02-0)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2010
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  The Toxicologist. Society of Toxicology 49th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo, March 7-11, 2010, Salt Lake City, Utah
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:300dfdb747c205a414093e5e4fdd442bbcaffbd05bc37f259b77c043499d9f21c6ad5c1323caf53ec02ef981a1a0dcbe0cb911c54e3afa794a4685915ead3459
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/187984/cdc_187984_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 725.60 KB ]