Toward a Better Understanding of Pesticide Dermal Absorption: Diffusion Model Analysis of Parathion Absorption In Vitro and In Vivo

Details

• Personal Author:
  Kasting GB ; Miller MA
• Description:
  Human skin absorption of radiolabeled parathion was studied in vitro at specific doses (mass loadings) of 0.4, 4.0, 41, or 117 µg/cm2, with and without occlusion. The compound was applied in small volumes of acetone solution to split-thickness skin. Permeation of radiolabel into the receptor solutions was monitored for 76 h, after which the tissue was dissected and analyzed for residual radioactivity. For the 3 lower doses, cumulative permeation after 76 h was approximately dose-proportional, ranging from 28.5-30.5% of applied dose (unoccluded) to 45.5-55.7% (occluded). Total absorption, calculated as receptor fluid plus dermis content, followed a similar pattern. Both permeation rate and total absorption continued to increase up to the highest dose tested, consistent with results from other laboratories. These results are compared with predictions from a previously developed skin diffusion model (Kasting et al., 2008a). The model predicted total absorption to within a factor of 1.4 at 0.4 µg/cm2 and 1.6 at 4 µg/cm2, but substantially underpredicted absorption at the 2 higher doses. The analysis showed that parathion partitioned more favorably into the stratum corneum than the diffusion model prediction. Nevertheless, comparison of the model predictions to a previously reported human study showed that the skin absorption model, when corrected for surface losses occurring in vivo, satisfactorily described in vivo dermal absorption of parathion applied at 4 µg/cm2 to various body sites. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Chemistry Cytology Environmental Monitoring Insecticides Laboratories Occupational Health Safety Skin Skin Absorption
• Keywords:
  Absorption-rates Chemical-composition Chemical-properties Chemical-reactions Dermatology Diffusion-analysis Exposure-assessment Exposure-levels Exposure-methods Humans Laboratory-testing Pesticides Pesticides-and-agricultural-chemicals Skin-absorption Skin-exposure Statistical-analysis Surface-properties

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• ISSN:
  1528-7394
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Ohio ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  284-300
• Volume:
  73
• Issue:
  4
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20036335
• Citation:
  J Toxicol Environ Health A 2010 Jan; 73(4):284-300
• Contact Point Address:
  Gerald B. Kasting, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, P.O. Box 670004, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0004
• Email:
  Gerald.Kasting@uc.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2010
• NORA Priority Area:
  Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing ; Manufacturing
• Performing Organization:
  University of Cincinnati
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20020901
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues
• End Date:
  20130731
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:e1e63be110ed01d677e3af68f69d3d824d8e15a017a0087b234b28440f3944ef77164c3e90d834d4181d11ada05dbd791a374046919bb09385d50cc982c48c8a
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/187804/cdc_187804_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 678.65 KB ]