Oxime Reactivation of RBC Acetylcholinesterases for Biomonitoring

Details

• Personal Author:
  Hansen EM ; Wilson WB
• Description:
  A low-variability method to reactivate blood cholinesterases (ChEs) after prior exposure of mammals, including humans, to ChE-inhibiting organophosphate esters (OPs) is presented. A concentration of 10 mM pyridine 2-aldoxime methochloride (2-PAM Cl) was incubated with intact red blood cells (RBCs) and assayed virtually free of interfering oxime and hemoglobin (Hb). Variability was decreased by reducing the number of washing steps and sedimenting RBC ghosts through a 7% sucrose cushion. Statistically significant detections of reactivations as low as 5% with average "false positives" of 3.8% were achieved. Relative rates and extent of reactivation after OP treatment of rabbit RBC AChE in vitro were of the order dimethyl- (DDVP) > diethyl- (ethyl paraoxon) >, diisopropyl-substituted (diisopropyl fluorophosphate; DFP) OPs. Rabbit RBC AChE was reactivatable for up to 60 h following dermal exposure to ethyl parathion and reactivatable for only 12 to 24 h following exposure to methyl parathion. Reactivation of plasma ChEs with 0.1 mM 2-PAM Cl in the same animals was achievable for only 12 to 24 h after ethyl parathion and for only 1 to 4 h after methyl parathion. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Biomarkers Blood Chemistry Environmental Monitoring Hematologic Diseases Hematologic Tests Occupational Health Safety
• Keywords:
  Biological-monitoring Blood-analysis Blood-disorders Blood-samples Chemical-analysis Exposure-assessment Exposure-levels
• ISSN:
  0090-4341
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  California ; Massachusetts ; OSHA Region 1 ; OSHA Region 9
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  283-289
• Volume:
  37
• Issue:
  3
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20032353
• Citation:
  Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1999 Oct; 37(3):283-289
• Contact Point Address:
  B. W. Wilson, University of California at Davis, Department of Animal Sciences and Department of Environmental Toxicology, 4209 Meyer Hall, Davis, California 95616, USA
• CAS Registry Number:
  Diisopropyl fluorophosphate (CAS RN 55-91-4)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2000
• NORA Priority Area:
  Work Environment and Workforce: Mixed Exposures
• Performing Organization:
  Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  19990930
• Source Full Name:
  Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
• End Date:
  20020929
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:b21f78c8c02aa32974ab1b27bfeb5bbbb12854eb3c35c3e943919397d932dd0ddebbf401cfea0c842977a7ff60bdb1e041b0bc8bc3e66a17ecc38bd85f6986b3
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/186368/cdc_186368_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 186.36 KB ]