Uses of and Exposure to Trichloroethylene in US Industry: A Systematic Literature Review

Details

• Personal Author:
  Bakke B ; Stewart PA ; Waters MA
• Description:
  This article describes a systematic review of the industrial hygiene literature for uses of trichloroethylene (TCE) in industry for the exposure assessment of two population-based case control studies of brain cancer in the United States. Papers and reports that address uses of and exposures to TCE were identified from MEDLINE, TOXLINE, NIOSHTIC, the NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation database (keywords: chlorinated solvents and trichloroethylene), and in other reviews. This search was complemented by reviewing the reference lists from the identified literature. The collected information was systematized by the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, and measurement data reported in the literature were summarized in a database. TCE use was extensive from the early 1920s through the 1970s mainly as a degreasing agent in metal-fabricating operations. After the 1970s it became less popular because of environmental concerns. TCE historically has had a multitude of uses in many other industries, e.g., dry cleaning, textile, electronics, leather, and rubber. Also, many products like adhesives, drugs, paints, inks, and various industrial products have contained TCE. It was banned as a food additive and in cosmetics in 1977. The arithmetic mean (AM) of the measurements across all industries and decades was 38.2 ppm. The highest personal and area air levels were reported in vapor degreasing (AM of 44.6 ppm). Most TCE measurements were performed in the 1950s, 1970s, and 1980s. The data described here could be used by exposure assessors as is to identify the presence and approximate levels of exposure. Using the same information as a basis should increase the reliability of the assessments, making it easier to compare both the exposure assessment methods and the epidemiologic results across different studies. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollutants, Occupational Air Pollution, Indoor Chemistry Chlorine Compounds Environmental Exposure Environmental Health Environmental Monitoring Epidemiology Irritants Occupational Health Respiratory System Safety Solvents Urogenital Diseases Urogenital System Volatilization Workplace

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• Keywords:
  Air-contamination Air-monitoring Chemical-properties Chemical-reactions Chlorinated-ethylenes Environmental-exposure Environmental-health Exposure-levels Kidney-cells Kidney-damage Mathematical-models Models Organic-solvents Organic-vapors Renal-toxicity Respiration Respiratory-irritants Solvent-vapor-degreasing Solvent-vapors Statistical-analysis Vapor-volume Work-environment

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• ISSN:
  1545-9624
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Maryland ; Ohio ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  DSHEFS - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  375-390
• Volume:
  4
• Issue:
  5
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20032159
• Citation:
  J Occup Environ Hyg 2007 May; 4(5):375-390
• Contact Point Address:
  Patricia Stewart, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Bldg. EPS 8102, Rockville, MD 20852-7240
• Email:
  stewartt@epndce.nci.nih.gov
• CAS Registry Number:
  Trichloroethylene (CAS RN 79-01-6)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2007
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:7b5d800578a33769c405733a97d2664d2f403edaf0ed84b984af0f1ce55695b654e476a62dfb8ac3c2f0f3609ad16bdcc661cc14420bfb4f2fe48d93ddb51f34
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/186203/cdc_186203_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 315.97 KB ]