Assessment of Upper Respiratory Tract and Ocular Irritative Effects of Volatile Chemicals in Humans

Details

• Personal Author:
  Cometto-Muniz JE ; Dalton P ; Doty RL ; Hodgson, Michael J. ; Jalowayski AA ; Kendal-Reed M
• Description:
  Accurate assessment of upper respiratory tract and ocular irritation is critical for identifying and remedying problems related to overexposure to volatile chemicals, as well as for establishing parameters of irritation useful for regulatory purposes. This article (a) describes the basic anatomy and physiology of the human upper respiratory tract and ocular mucosae, (b) discusses how airborne chemicals induce irritative sensations, and (c) reviews practical means employed for assessing such phenomena, including psychophysical (e.g., threshold and suprathreshold perceptual measures), physiological (e.g., cardiovascular responses), electrophysiological (e.g., event-related potentials), and imaging (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging) techniques. Although traditionally animal models have been used as the first step in assessing such irritation, they are not addressed here since (a) there are numerous reviews available on this topic and (b) many rodents and rabbits are obligate nose breathers whose nasal passages differ considerably from those of humans, potentially limiting generalization of animal-based data to humans. A major goal of this compendium is to inform the reader of procedures for assessing irritation in humans and to provide information of value in the continued interpretation and development of empirical databases upon which future reasoned regulatory health decisions can be made. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Animals Cardiovascular Diseases Cardiovascular System Chemistry Environmental Monitoring Eye Diseases Nose Occupational Health Safety Sense Organs
• Keywords:
  Animal-studies Author Keywords: Cilia Cardiovascular-system Cardiovascular-system-disorders Chemical-properties Electrophysiology Exposure-assessment Exposure-levels Eye-disorders Glossopharyngeal Nerve Irritation Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nasal-disorders Physiological-disorders Physiological-factors Physiological-response Psychophysics Rhinomanometry Thresholds Trigeminal Nerve Vagus Nerve

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• ISSN:
  1040-8444
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Florida ; Maryland ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 4 ; Pennsylvania
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  OD - Office of the Director
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  85-142
• Volume:
  34
• Issue:
  2
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20031688
• Citation:
  Crit Rev Toxicol 2004 Mar; 34(2):85-142
• Contact Point Address:
  Richard L. Doty, PhD, Director, Smell & Taste Center, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, 5 Ravdin Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
• Email:
  doty@mail.med.upenn.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2004
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Critical Reviews in Toxicology
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:31e9ad9607676460651da8d5e721fd5bd3af1eaceec3a027ca2bc804647680833ffe83da3338563131d449c1d7468afc7797219820109f85bc96639f074914f1
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/185893/cdc_185893_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 2.63 MB ]