Dermatotoxicity of Cutting Fluid Mixtures: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Details

• Personal Author:
  Barlow BM ; Baynes RE ; Inman AO ; Monteiro-Riviere NA
• Description:
  Cutting fluids are widely used in the metal-machining industry to lubricate and reduce heat generation when metals are cut by a metal-cutting tool. These cutting fluids have caused occupational irritant contact dermatitis (OICD), and many of the additives used in these cutting fluid mixtures are thought to be responsible for OICD in workers. The purpose of this study was to assess single or various combinations of these additives in initiating the OICD response following an acute 8-hour exposure in porcine skin in vivo and in vitro using the isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK). Pigs (n = 4) were exposed to 5% mineral oil (MO) or 5% polyethylene glycol (PEG) aqueous mixtures containing various combinations of 2% triazine (TRI), 5% triethanolamine (TEA), 5% linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), or 5% sulfurized ricinoleic acid (SRA). Erythema and edema were evaluated and skin biopsies for histopathology were obtained at 4 and 8 hours. IPPSFs (n = 4) were exposed to control MO or PEG mixtures and complete MO or PEG mixtures, and perfusate samples were collected hourly to determine interleukin- (IL-) 8 release. The only significant (p < 0.05) mixture effects observed in IPPSFs were with SRA + MO that caused an increase in IL-8 release after 1 or 2 hours' exposure. In vivo exposure to TRI alone appeared to increase erythema, edema, and dermal inflammation compared to the other additives, while SRA alone was least likely to initiate a dermal inflammatory response. In 2-component mixture exposures, the presence of TRI appeared to increase the dermal inflammatory response at 4 and 8 hours especially with the PEG mixtures. In the 3- and 4-component mixtures, MO mixtures are more likely to incite an inflammatory response than PEG mixtures. TRI exhibited the highest toxicity toward HEK, which correlates well to the in vivo irritation and morphology results. In summary, these preliminary studies suggest that the biocide, TRI, is the more potent of the 4 performance additives in causing dermal irritation, and this may vary depending on whether the worker is exposed to a synthetic (PEG)- or MO-based fluid. These findings will however require further clinical studies to validate these acute dermal effects as well as human cumulative irritation following exposure to similar cutting fluid formulations in the workplace. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Dermatitis Metals Metal Workers Mineral Oil Occupational Health Safety Skin Skin Diseases
• Keywords:
  Biocides Contact-dermatitis Fluids In-vitro-studies In-vivo-studies Metalworking-fluids Metalworking-industry Mineral-oils Skin-disorders Triazenes
• ISSN:
  1556-9527
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Maryland ; North Carolina ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 4
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  235-247
• Volume:
  25
• Issue:
  4
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20031504
• Citation:
  Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2006 Oct; 25(4):235-247
• CAS Registry Number:
  Ricinoleic acid (CAS RN 141-22-0) ; Triethanolamine (CAS RN 102-71-6)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2007
• NORA Priority Area:
  Disease and Injury: Allergic and Irritant Dermatitis
• Performing Organization:
  North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20000801
• Source Full Name:
  Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology
• End Date:
  20150731
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:cef7b39fb169fce6d0748ae446e704e6f121384d3a6cebcef45128af5534c018255552c7cc65357a3c57300c7517437885602ad9bbd71927922dd7977b30f630
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/185773/cdc_185773_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 819.69 KB ]