The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is the federal agency that conducts research and makes recommendations for preventing work-related injuries, illnesses, and deaths. As a member of the Nanotechnology Science, Engineering, and Technology Subcommittee (NSET) of the National Science and Technology Council Committee on Technology, NIOSH works closely with other federal agencies and private sector organizations to plan, conduct, and facilitate research that will support the responsible development and use of nanotechnology. With the Food and Drug Administration, NIOSH co-chairs the NSET interagency working group on Nanotechnology, Environmental and Health Implications (NEHI). Within NIOSH, the NIOSH Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC) and the NTRC Steering Committee have been established to address immediate and long-term issues associated with nanotechnology and occupational health in partnership with other federal agencies, research centers, and industry. The NIOSH Vision for Nanotechnology is: Safe nanotechnology by delivering on the nation's promise - safety and health at work for all people through research and prevention. The NIOSH Mission for Nanotechnology is: To provide national and world leadership in research into the application of nanoparticles and nanomaterials in occupational safety and health and the implications of nanoparticles and nanomaterials in work-related injury and illness. The NIOSH Top 10 List of Critical Occupational Safety and Health Issues arising from Nanotechnology is: Exposure and Dose, Toxicity, Epidemiology and Surveillance, Risk Assessment, Measurement Methods, Controls, Safety, Communication and Education, Recommendations, and Applications. The nanotechnology health and safety research programs of the NIOSH NTRC include projects on Nanotechnology Safety and Health Research Coordination, Nanoparticles in the Workplace, Implementation of the Web-based Nanoparticle Information Library, Generation and Characterization of Occupationally Relevant Airborne Nanoparticles, Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nanotube Particles, the Role of Carbon Nanotubes in Cardio-Pulmonary Inflammation and COPD-Related Diseases, Particle Surface Area as a Dose Metric, Ultrafine Aerosols from Diesel-Powered Equipment, An Ultrafine Particle Intervention Study in Automotive Production Plants, Evaluation of Respiratory Effects of Particulate Exposures in Wildland Firefighters, and Nanoparticle Dosimetry and Risk Assessment. Additional information about the NIOSH Nanotechnology Safety and Health Research Program can be found at https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/nanotech/.