Chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Details

• Personal Author:
  Kilburn KH
• Description:
  Occupationally related chronic bronchitis and emphysema are reviewed with respect to agents of causation, occupations and industries involved, worker populations at risk, epidemiology, clinical description and diagnostic criteria, pathology, methods of prevention, and research needs. Causative agents from occupational exposure include specific chemicals which produce changes in airways (ammonia (7664417), arsenic (7440382), chlorine (7782505), osmium- tetroxide (20816120), phosgene (75445), tungsten-carbide (12070121), vanadium (7440622), sulfur-dioxide (7446095), toluene-diisocyanate (26471625), and chlorinated hydrocarbons) and complex dusts that occur in industry (cotton and flax dust, coke oven emissions, cement dust, foundry dust, ceramic dust, quarry dust, tomb cutting and rock crushing operations, metal smelting, silica (7631869), asbestos (1332214) and potash (584087) exposures). Early detection of chronic bronchitis depends on symptoms of functional impairment and pulmonary function tests sensitive for early detection of hypersecretion and airways obstruction. There are no early physical or radiological signs. Diagnostic criteria for emphysema are anatomic and structural and have been shown to correlate with dyspnea, functional insufficiency, increased total lung volume, decreased diffusing capacity, increased compliance, and decreased or absent breath sounds. Prevention involves the reduction of inhalation exposure to particles. The author notes that mainline cigarette smoke represents the major exposure to be reduced. The author identifies a need for data on the prevalence of chronic bronchitis and emphysema in workers involved with ammonia fertilizers, petrochemicals, quarry work, rock crushing, and cement and brick manufacture.
• Subjects:
  Accidents, Occupational Air Pollutants, Occupational Air Pollution, Indoor Environmental Monitoring Microbiology Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Safety Ventilation
• Keywords:
  Chronic-degenerative-diseases Chronic-exposure Chronic-inflammation Cigarette-smoking Dust-exposure Pulmonary-system-disorders Respiratory-hypersensitivity Respiratory-irritants
• Publisher:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Chapter
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  DRDS - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  503-529
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:00170163
• Citation:
  Occupational respiratory diseases. Merchant, James A., Bochlecke BA, Taylor G, eds. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 86-102, 1986 Sep; :503-529
• CAS Registry Number:
  Ammonia (CAS RN 7664-41-7) ; Arsenic (CAS RN 7440-38-2) ; Chlorine (CAS RN 7782-50-5) ; Osmium tetroxide (CAS RN 20816-12-0) ; Phosgene (CAS RN 75-44-5) ; Tungsten carbide (WC) (CAS RN 12070-12-1) ; Vanadium (CAS RN 7440-62-2) ; Sulfur dioxide (CAS RN 7446-09-5) ; Toluene diisocyanate (CAS RN 26471-62-5) ; Silica (CAS RN 7631-86-9) ; Asbestos (CAS RN 1332-21-4) ; Potassium carbonate (CAS RN 584-08-7)
• Editor(s):
  Merchant, James A. ; Bochlecke BA ; Taylor G
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1986
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  Occupational respiratory diseases
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:a9c2a1e9a687c96baa323bbc4984fdaa80954252059feb53ed528473ebef84d5be990fcf70b6b859d04b7900276ae690efc6fe9e23747a6dbcdc869b2cd1159c
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/179961/cdc_179961_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.07 MB ]