New Hypothesis for Cause of Epidemic among Native Americans, New England, 1616–1619

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Emerg Infect Dis
• Personal Author:
  Marr, John S. ; Cathey, John T.
• Description:
  In the years before English settlers established the Plymouth colony (1616-1619), most Native Americans living on the southeastern coast of present-day Massachusetts died from a mysterious disease. Classic explanations have included yellow fever, smallpox, and plague. Chickenpox and trichinosis are among more recent proposals. We suggest an additional candidate: leptospirosis complicated by Weil syndrome. Rodent reservoirs from European ships infected indigenous reservoirs and contaminated land and fresh water. Local ecology and high-risk quotidian practices of the native population favored exposure and were not shared by Europeans. Reduction of the population may have been incremental, episodic, and continuous; local customs continuously exposed this population to hyperendemic leptospiral infection over months or years, and only a fraction survived. Previous proposals do not adequately account for signature signs (epistaxis, jaundice) and do not consider customs that may have been instrumental to the near annihilation of Native Americans, which facilitated successful colonization of the Massachusetts Bay area.
• Subjects:
  Animals Disease Outbreaks/History Disease Reservoirs/Veterinary History, 17Th Century Humans Indians, North American/History Leptospirosis/History Leptospirosis/Mortality Leptospirosis/Veterinary Rats Zoonoses/History Zoonoses/Transmission

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• Source:
  Emerg Infect Dis. 16(2):281-286.
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Genre:
  Historical Article
• Place as Subject:
  New England
• Volume:
  16
• Issue:
  2
• Collection(s):
  Emerging Infectious Diseases
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:1a2f71f2cfe4a47a2c4e6d72cd1acbaabd2447efa6bb2a0d42b39d6c1ee71b56
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/17865/cdc_17865_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 214.53 KB ]