Dried Blood Spot Specimens Are a Suitable Alternative Sample Type for HIV-1 Viral Load Measurement and Drug Resistance Genotyping in Patients Receiving First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Clin Infect Dis
• Personal Author:
  Rottinghaus, Erin K. ; Ugbena, Richard ; Diallo, Karidia ; Bassey, Orji ; Azeez, Aderemi ; DeVos, Joshua ; Zhang, Guoqing ; Aberle-Grasse, John ; Nkengasong, John ; Yang, Chunfu
• Description:
  Background.
  
  Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is being administered in developing nations at unprecedented numbers following the World Health Organization’s (WHO) development of standardized first-line drug regimens. To ensure continued efficacy of these drug regimens, WHO recommends monitoring virological responses and development of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance (HIVDR) in HIV-infected patients in a prospective cohort. The current study compared dried fluid spot specimens with the reference standard plasma specimens as a practical tool for viral load (VL) and HIVDR genotyping in resource-limited settings.
  
  Methods.
  
  Dried blood spot (DBS), dried plasma spot (DPS), and plasma specimens were collected from 173 –patients receiving ART at 2 hospital sites in Abuja, Nigeria. HIV-1 VL analysis was performed using NucliSENS EasyQ HIV-1 v1.1 RUO test kits. Genotyping of the HIV-1 pol gene was performed using a broadly sensitive in-house assay.
  
  Results.
  
  Direct comparison of VL levels showed that DBS specimens, and not DPS specimens, gave results comparable to those of plasma specimens (P = .0619 and .0007, respectively); however, both DBS and DPS specimens had excellent correlation with plasma specimens in predicting virological failure (VL, ≥1000 copies/mL) in patients (κ = 0.78 and 0.83, respectively). Of the 18 specimens with a plasma VL ≥1000 copies/mL, HIVDR genotyping rates were 100% in DBS and 38.9% in DPS specimens, and DBS specimens identified 61 of 65 HIVDR mutations (93.8%) identified in plasma specimens.
  
  Conclusions.
  
  Our results indicate that DBS specimens could be used for surveys to monitor HIVDR prevention failure in resource-limited settings.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Anti-HIV Agents Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Blood Desiccation Drug Monitoring HIV-1 HIV Infections Humans Microbial Sensitivity Tests Nigeria Specimen Handling Viral Load

  More +
• Source:
  Clin Infect Dis. 54(8):1187-1195
• Pubmed ID:
  22412066
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC11528918
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/
• Volume:
  54
• Issue:
  8
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:9d044c0017a4e1a632fb1a3348b8c794101a38c2b2beb5227647b62d28a74ce067f951d265682851f470e361d11fd9cb95f6b54240f04e765d673f73be56aa13
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/168897/cdc_168897_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 391.19 KB ]