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Risk Indicators for Periodontitis in US Adults: NHANES 2009 – 2012
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10 2016
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Source: J Periodontol. 87(10):1174-1185
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Details:
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Alternative Title:J Periodontol
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Personal Author:
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Description:Objective.
To determine population-average risk profiles for severe and non-severe periodontitis in US adults (30 years and older) using optimal surveillance measures and standard case definitions.
Methods.
We analyzed data from the 2009–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which for the first time used the “gold standard” full-mouth periodontitis surveillance protocol to classify severity of periodontitis following the suggested CDC/AAP case definitions. The probabilities of periodontitis by socio-demographics, behavioral factors, and co-morbid conditions, were assessed using prevalence ratios (PR) estimated by the predicted marginal probability from multivariable generalized logistic regression models. The analyses were further stratified by gender and severity of periodontitis.
Results.
For adults 65 years and older, the likelihood of periodontitis was greater in females (aPR=3.15; 95% CI 2.63 – 3.77) than males (aPR=2.07; 1.76 – 2.43). The likelihood of severe periodontitis was relatively level across all age groups, while non-severe periodontitis increased with age. Compared to non-Hispanic whites, periodontitis was more likely among Hispanics (aPR=1.38; 1.26–1.52) and non-Hispanic blacks (aPR=1.35; 1.22–1.50), and severe periodontitis was most likely among non-Hispanic blacks (aPR=1.82; 1.44–2.31). There was a 50% greater likelihood of periodontitis among current smokers compared to non-smokers. For females, the likelihood of periodontitis was not different between former smokers and non-smokers. Periodontitis was not more likely in persons with pre-diabetes or diabetes, but was more likely only among persons with un-controlled diabetes compared to persons with no diabetes and this association was restricted to only males. Periodontitis was not associated with obesity status.
Conclusions.
An assessment of risk profiles for periodontitis in US adults based on gold standard periodontal measures show important differences by severity of disease and gender. Cigarette smoking, specifically among current smokers remains an important modifiable risk for all levels of periodontitis severity. The higher burden of periodontitis in older women and in males with uncontrolled diabetes is noteworthy. These findings could improve the identification of target populations for effective public health interventions and improve periodontal health of US adults.
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Pubmed ID:27367420
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Pubmed Central ID:PMC11370315
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Funding:
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Volume:87
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Issue:10
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