CDC’s Flu Surveillance Systems Can Detect Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infections
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CDC’s Flu Surveillance Systems Can Detect Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infections

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  • Corporate Authors:
    National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (U.S.)
  • Description:
    May 8, 2024, 5:15 PM EDT

    The world is watching an outbreak of avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses among U.S. dairy cows with spread between cows, to other animals, and one reported human case. Dairy cows are a new and unexpected host of this virus, which has been spreading mostly among wild birds and poultry in the United States since January 2022, with sporadic infections in other species. The emergence of this virus in a new animal host impacts a new part of agriculture requiring the development of new processes and trusted partnerships. And the potential for this virus to spread in new or different ways between animals or to people poses new public health challenges.

    Some have questioned whether public health is able to watch this virus closely enough that it can detect important changes in a timely way.

    CDC uses many flu surveillance systems, which provide visibility over whether this virus is spreading in people, and which are being fine-tuned and expanded with supplemental studies and analysis for the current situation. These public health systems are routinely used to detect rare events, like single human infections with flu viruses that usually spread in pigs, but when coupled with monitoring of exposed people and analysis of animal sequences associated with this bovine outbreak, this system is further enhanced to detect transmission and early changes in this virus.

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