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Current H5N1 Bird Flu Situation in Mammals
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April 4, 2024
[PDF-1.49 MB]
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Description:While rare, mammals can be infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) (“H5N1 bird flu”) viruses. Reports of these sporadic infections in mammals have occurred globally amid widespread outbreaks of bird flu infections in wild birds and poultry.
Mammals can be infected with H5N1 bird flu viruses when they eat infected birds, poultry, or other animals and/or if they are exposed to environments contaminated with virus. Spread of H5N1 bird flu viruses from mammal to mammal is thought to be rare, but possible.
In the United States, since 2022, USDA APHIS has reported HPAI A(H5N1) virus detections in more than 200 mammals. Most recently in the United States, HPAI A(H5N1) bird flu has been found in goats and cattle. A multi-state outbreak of HPAI A(H5N1) bird flu in dairy cows was first reported on March 25, 2024. This is the first time that these bird flu viruses were found in cattle. CDC confirmed one human HPAI A(H5N1) infection that had exposure to dairy cattle in Texas that were presumed to be infected with the virus. While thought to be rare, this exposure to HPAI A(H5N1) bird flu virus is the first instance of likely mammal to human transmission.
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Content Notes:Background -- Domestic Summary -- Global Summary -- Risk to Humans -- Other Documented Mammalian Infections.
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