HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report: Cases of HIV Infections and AIDS in the United States and Dependent Areas, 2006

Details

• Alternative Title:
  HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report; Vol. 18: Cases of HIV Infections and AIDS in the United States and Dependent Areas, 2006
• Personal Author:
  Satcher Johnson, Anna ; Hu, Xiaohong ; Hughes, Denise ; Campsmith, Michael ; Hall, Irene ; Morgan, Marie ; Brzuskiewicz, Janet ; Friend, Michael
• Corporate Authors:
  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (U.S.) ; National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (U.S.). Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention
• Description:
  Commentary: The HIV/AIDS epidemic was first recognized in the United States in 1981. Since that time, all states and U.S. dependent areas have conducted AIDS surveillance by using a standardized, confidential name-based reporting system. Because successful treatment delays the progression of HIV infection to AIDS, AIDS surveillance data alone are insufficient to monitor trends in HIV incidence or to meet federal, state, or local data needs for planning and allocating resources for HIV prevention and care programs. An integrated national HIV/AIDS surveillance system will enhance the ability to monitor and characterize populations affected by the HIV epidemic and provide information on the entire population of HIV-infected persons who have been tested confidentially. In order to acquire high-quality HIV data, CDC recommended in 2005 that all states and U.S. dependent areas adopt confidential name-based public health disease surveillance systems to report cases of HIV infection. California implemented confidential name-based HIV infection case surveillance in April 2006, and this issue marks the first time that HIV case reports from California have been included in the HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report. For more information about HIV reporting in California, visit http://www.dhs.ca.gov/AIDS/HIVReporting/.
  
  This report presents estimated numbers of cases of HIV/AIDS (cases of HIV infection, regardless whether they have progressed to AIDS) from the 38 areas (33 states and 5 U.S. dependent areas) that have had confidential name-based HIV infection reporting for a sufficient length of time (i.e., since at least 2003) to allow for stabilization of data collection and for adjustment of the data in order to monitor trends. According to the number of reported AIDS cases, these 33 states represent approximately 63% of the epidemic in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. From 2003 through 2006, the total number of new cases of HIV/AIDS remained stable in the 33 states; however, HIV/AIDS prevalence (i.e., the number of persons living with HIV/AIDS) increased steadily: by the end of 2006, an estimated 491,727 persons in the 33 states were living with HIV/AIDS. The map on the cover depicts the estimated rates of diagnoses of HIV/AIDS in 2006, by area of residence at the time of diagnosis, for persons residing in the 33 states and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least 2003.
  
  Surveillance data on HIV infections, compared with data on AIDS, provide a more complete picture of the epidemic and the need for prevention and care services. However, the number of new HIV diagnoses during a given year(s) does not necessarily reflect a trend in HIV incidence (i.e., new infections) because some persons were infected recently and others were infected at some time in the past. CDC has developed the serologic testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion (STARHS), which can distinguish recent from long-standing HIV infections at a population level. This technology has made it possible to develop a surveillance system that will provide more accurate and timely estimates of HIV incidence. CDC and its partners in state and local health departments have been working during the past several years to develop and evaluate this system. Five areas were funded in FY 2002 to pilot the methods; by FY 2005, 34 areas were funded to conduct incidence surveillance. HIV/AIDS surveillance data are used by CDC’s public health partners and by professionals in other federal agencies, health departments, nonprofit organizations, and academic institutions. Recognizing the changing needs for data, CDC is committed to presenting the data that will best meet those needs. The first estimates of HIV incidence, which require the use of complex estimation methods, are expected in 2008. The monitoring of HIV incidence will be critical in evaluating progress toward CDC’s goal of reducing the number of new HIV infections in the United States and in allocating resources and evaluating prevention program effectiveness.
  
  The 2006 HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report is organized in 5 sections: (1) cases of HIV/AIDS and AIDS, (2) deaths of persons with AIDS, (3) persons living with HIV/AIDS, AIDS, or HIV infection (not AIDS), (4) length of survival after AIDS diagnosis, and (5) reports of cases of HIV/AIDS, AIDS, and HIV infection (not AIDS). In Sections 1–3, we present point estimates of case counts that have been adjusted for reporting delays and for the redistribution of cases in persons initially reported without an identified risk factor. CDC routinely adjusts data for the presentation of trends in the epidemic. Data to estimate the number of cases of HIV/AIDS or AIDS; the number of persons living with HIV/AIDS, AIDS, or HIV infection (not AIDS); and the number of deaths among persons with AIDS have been statistically adjusted to correct for delays in the reporting of cases and deaths.
  
  To assess trends in cases, deaths, or prevalence, it is preferable to use adjusted data, presented by year of diagnosis instead of year of report, to eliminate artifacts of reporting in the surveillance system. Therefore, for trends, the reader is encouraged to use the tables in Sections 1–3 that present trends by year of diagnosis, year of death, or year-end prevalence. Section 4 presents estimates of survival for persons whose AIDS diagnosis was made during 2002 (Table 13) and for persons whose diagnosis was made during 1998–2005 (Figures 2–4). Proportions of persons who survived for various lengths of time after diagnosis are presented by year of diagnosis, age group, race/ethnicity, and HIV transmission category.
  
  Finally, Section 5 presents reports of cases of HIV infection (not AIDS) and cases of AIDS reported through 2006. The areas included in tabulations of reported cases of HIV infection (not AIDS) are based on the date that confidential name-based HIV infection reporting was implemented. For Tables 16, 18, 20, and 22, we used data from 50 areas (45 states and 5 U.S. dependent areas) to describe reports of HIV infection. These data, which have not been adjusted for delays in reporting, are presented by year of report to CDC. Tables that present cases by year of report represent the most up-to-date information reported to CDC; however, cases by year of report do not represent incident cases, the most recent diagnoses, trends, or deaths.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Epidemiology Data Interpretation, Statistical Epidemics Epidemiological Monitoring HIV Public Health Surveillance Statistics Tables
• Keywords:
  DHP_HIV_Reports
• Series:
  HIV Surveillance Report
• Subseries:
  HIVSR
• Publisher:
  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (U.S.)
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Statistics ; Report
• Place as Subject:
  United States ; American Samoa ; Guam ; Northern Mariana Islands ; Puerto Rico ; U.S. Virgin Islands
• Rights:
  Public Domain
• CIO:
  National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP)
• Division:
  DHP - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention
• Topic:
  Diseases & Conditions
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  55 pdf pages
• Volume:
  18
• Citation:
  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report, 2006. Vol. 18. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2008:[inclusive page numbers]. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/reports/.
• Collection(s):
  Infectious Diseases
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:96180f28a3031b190328863828ec61a0789cd225499a68b9e333b3de1efef3d1aa37b7f2159c0ec1e4c2d7a6ccd4c500fe2ffbcdf21f17e374cd39e393290461
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/149087/cdc_149087_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 4.04 MB ]