Details:

• Alternative Title:
  Epidemiology
• Personal Author:
  Ekramnia, Mina ; Li, Yunfei ; Haddad, Maryam B ; Marks, Suzanne M ; Kammerer, J Steve ; ... More +

  Ekramnia, Mina ; Li, Yunfei ; Haddad, Maryam B ; Marks, Suzanne M ; Kammerer, J Steve ; Swartwood, Nicole A ; Cohen, Ted ; Miller, Jeffrey W ; Horsburgh, C Robert ; Salomon, Joshua A ; Menzies, Nicolas A Less -
• Description:
  Background:
  
  In the United States, over 80% of tuberculosis (TB) disease cases are estimated to result from reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI) acquired more than 2 years previously (‘reactivation TB’). We estimated reactivation TB rates for the U.S. population with LTBI, overall, by age, sex, race–ethnicity, and U.S.-born status, and for selected comorbidities (diabetes, end-stage renal disease [ESRD], and HIV).
  
  Methods:
  
  We collated nationally representative data for 2011–2012. Reactivation TB incidence was based on TB cases reported to the National TB Surveillance System that were attributed to LTBI reactivation. Person–years at risk of reactivation TB were calculated using IGRA (Interferon-Gamma Release Assay) positivity from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, published values for IGRA sensitivity and specificity, and population estimates from the American Community Survey.
  
  Results:
  
  For persons aged ≥6 years with LTBI, the overall reactivation rate was estimated as 0.072 (95% uncertainty interval: 0.047, 0.12) per 100 person–years. Estimated reactivation rates declined with age. Compared to the overall population, estimated reactivation rates were higher for persons with diabetes [adjusted rate ratio (aRR) = 1.6 (1.5, 1.7)], ESRD [aRR = 9.8 (5.4, 19)], and HIV [aRR = 12 (10, 13)].
  
  Conclusions:
  
  In our study, individuals with LTBI faced small, non-negligible risks of reactivation TB. Risks were elevated for individuals with medical comorbidities that weaken immune function.
  
  
• Subjects:
  [+]

  Diabetes Mellitus HIV Infections Humans Kidney Failure, Chronic Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Nutrition Surveys Tuberculosis United States
• Keywords:
  [+]

  Chronic HIV Kidney Failure Latent Tuberculosis
• Source:
  Epidemiology. 35(2):164-173
• Pubmed ID:
  38290139
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC10832387
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  R01 AI146555/AI/NIAID NIH HHSUnited States/ ; U38 PS004644/PS/NCHHSTP CDC HHSUnited States/ ; UL1 TR001863/TR/NCATS NIH HHSUnited States/

  R01 AI146555/AI/NIAID NIH HHSUnited States/ ; U38 PS004644/PS/NCHHSTP CDC HHSUnited States/ ; UL1 TR001863/TR/NCATS NIH HHSUnited States/ Less -
• Volume:
  35
• Issue:
  2
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  [+]

  urn:sha-512:150fbef1acb3fc1eafd63f52ed15877ddee6b61608f842ef2e81e80c5637cda2903217e709f78d01409bf0aa3f7d4d0323be1595aaf7f954b0fe6f644c93694d
• File Type:

• Supporting Files:
  No Additional Files