Details:

Alternative Title:
Guidelines for testing and counseling blood and plasma donors for human immunodeficienty virus type 1 antigen
Personal Author:
Gayle, Helene D. ; Jaffe, Harold W. ; Janssen, Robert S. ; Lackritz, Eve M.
Gayle, Helene D. ; Jaffe, Harold W. ; Janssen, Robert S. ; Lackritz, Eve M. Less -
Corporate Authors:
United States, Public Health Service. ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; National Center for Infectious Diseases (U.S.), Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research. ; National Center for Prevention Services (U.S.), Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention.
United States, Public Health Service. ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; National Center for Infectious Diseases (U.S.), Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research. ; National Center for Prevention Services (U.S.), Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention. Less -
Description:
The Public Health Service (PHS) has recommended a multifaceted approach to blood safety in the United States that includes stringent donor selection practices and the use of screening tests. Blood donations in the United States have been screened for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) since March 1985 and type 2 (HIV-2) since June 1992. An estimated one in 450,000 to one in 660,000 donations per year (i.e., 18-27 donations) are infectious for HIV but are not detected by currently available screening tests. Because maintaining a safe blood supply is a public health priority, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommended in August 1995 that all donated blood and plasma also be screened for HIV-1 p24 antigen, effective within 3 months of licensure of a test labeled for such use. Donor screening for p24 antigen is expected to reduce the number of otherwise undetected infectious donations by approximately 25% per year. Routine testing for p24 antigen in settings other than blood and plasma centers as a method for diagnosing HIV infection is discouraged because the estimated average time from detection of p24 antigen to detection of HIV antibody is 6 days, and not all recently infected persons have detectable levels of p24 antigen. Among children > or = 18 months of age and adults, diagnostic testing for HIV infection, including confirmatory testing, should routinely be performed with FDA-licensed assays for antibodies to HIV-1; p24-antigen tests alone should not be used for diagnosing HIV infection. This report provides PHS guidelines for a) interpreting p24-antigen-assay results, b) counseling and follow-up of blood donors who have positive or indeterminate p24-antigen-test results, and c) using p24-antigen testing in settings other than blood banks.
Content Notes:
March 1, 1996.

The following CDC staff members prepared this report: Eve M. Lackritz, Robert S. Janssen, Helene D. Gayle, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for Prevention Services; Charles A. Schable, Harold W. Jaffe, Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 8-9).


Subject:
[+]
AIDS Serodiagnosis
Blood
Blood Banks
Blood Donors
Blood Plasma
Counseling
HIV (Viruses)
HIV-1
HIV Antibodies
HIV Core Protein P24
HIV Infections
Immunoenzyme Techniques
Immunology
Isolation & Purification
Prevention & Control
Standards
Testing
Transmission
AIDS Serodiagnosis/Standards/United States
Blood Banks/Standards/United States
Blood Donors
Blood Donors/United States
HIV (Viruses)/Serodiagnosis
HIV-1/Immunology
HIV-1/Isolation & Purification
HIV Antibodies/Testing/United States
HIV Core Protein P24/Isolation & Purification
HIV Infections/Blood
HIV Infections/Prevention & Control
HIV Infections/Transmission

Series:
MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports ; v. 45, no. RR-2
Document Type:
Report
Genre:
Guideline
Place as Subject:
United States ; Serodiagnosis
United States ; Serodiagnosis Less -
Collection(s):
Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library collection
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:66392f3a9e3d6626434a93250e2b01d67ce007fe0cb08cae7cf546085a18c6b1
File Type:

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