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PMI Action Plan to respond to the threat of Anopheles stephensi in Africa
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January 30, 2023
[PDF-5.36 MB]
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Alternative Title:President's Malaria Initiative Action Plan to respond to the threat of Anopheles stephensi in Africa
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Description:Last modified: January 30, 2023
Anopheles stephensi was first detected on the African continent in 2012 in Djibouti. Since then, it has been detected in Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Nigeria, and Kenya and appears to continue to spread. In 2016, An. stephensi was first detected in Ethiopia, and it has now been detected throughout the country and to the borders with Sudan and Kenya. PMI has supported much of the surveillance and research to understand invasive An.stephensi behavior and bionomics through entomological monitoring in Ethiopia in collaboration with Baylor University,World Health Organization (WHO), Pan African Mosquito Control Association (PAMCA),Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI) and other partners.
While the full impact of this spread is not yet understood, An stephensi has been shown to be a competent malaria vector in its endemic and invasive range.A 36-fold increase in malaria was reported in Djibouti following its initial detection. Modeling has predicted an additional 126 million people are at risk of malaria if An. stephensi spreads across Africa.Another model estimated that malaria cases in Ethiopia could increase by 50% if An. stephensi spreads to suitable areas. However, these studies noted considerable uncertainty in the estimates which make sound decisions more difficult.Action is needed to understand the extent of the distribution and spread of An.stephensi, quantify its impact on malaria transmission, and evaluate and implement appropriate control measures.
A PMI Anopheles stephensi Task Force was created in 2021 to develop an action plan to address this global health threat and provide guidance on activities that can be used for a coordinated PMI response to An. stephensi. In this action plan for PMI partner countries in Africa, PMI describes two scenarios (An. stephensi present and high risk of invasion) and the accompanying guidance on how to conduct surveillance and control measures to mitigate impacts that might result from establishment of this vector, in alignment with the five strategic focus areas of the 2021–2026 PMI Strategy.
PMI-action-plan-for-Anopheles-stephensi.pdf
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