A Summary of ATSDR's Evaluation of Iodine-131 releases from the Oak Ridge Reservation
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A Summary of ATSDR's Evaluation of Iodine-131 releases from the Oak Ridge Reservation

Filetype[PDF-2.08 MB]


  • English
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    • Corporate Authors:
      United States. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Oak Ridge Reservation Health Effects Subcommittee.
    • Description:
      In 1942, the federal government estab­ lished the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) in Tennessee’s Anderson and Roane Counties. The ORR was part of the Manhattan Project—a top-secret federal government program to research, develop, and produce special radioactive materials for nuclear weapons. The government built three facilities—the Y-12 plant, the K-25 site, and the S-50 site—at the ORR to enrich uranium and built the X-10 site to design and demonstrate processes for pro- ducing and separating plutonium (see Figure 1).

      The ORR’s X-10 site was formerly known as Clinton Laboratories. Today it is the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). In 1943, the X-10 site was initiated as a pilot project to demonstrate plutonium production and separation. Over time, operations at the X-10 site broadened to include nuclear fission product separation, nuclear reactor safety and development, and radionuclide production for worldwide use in the medical, industrial, and research fields. One major effort at the X-10 site involved the production of radioactive lanthanum (RaLa), which took place from 1944 to 1956 (see Figure 2). Early atom­ ic weapon design development at federal governmental facilities in Los Alamos, New Mexico used RaLa produced at the X-10 site to test implosion processes. Los Alamos scientists also used RaLa for atmospheric radiation tracking tests.

      Most of the radioactive iodine generated at the ORR came from the X-10 site, with the RaLa process being the most significant source of radioactive iodine releases. Radioactive iodine is a RaLa processing byproduct emitted from X-10’s smokestacks (see Figure 1) and vents, and historically entered the air surrounding the X-10 site. The most significant releases of radioac­ tive iodine at the ORR—in the forms of iodine-131 (I-131) and iodine-129 (I-129)—occurred from 1944 to 1956.

      Publication date from document properties.

      orr_iodine_tech-factsheet_508.pdf

    • Subjects:
    • Document Type:
      Pamphlet (or booklet)
    • Place as Subject:
      Tennessee
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