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Tick bite as a risk factor for alpha-gal–specific immunoglobulin E antibodies and development of alpha-gal syndrome
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4 2023
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Source: Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 130(4):472-478
[PDF-577.14 KB]
Details:
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Alternative Title:Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol
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Personal Author:
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Description:Background:
The disaccharide galactose-α-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) is expressed in mammals other than humans, apes, and old-world monkeys. In humans, elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies specific for alpha-gal can result in allergic hypersensitivity known as alpha-gal syndrome (AGS). Case reports and series suggest that tick bites can induce alpha-gal–specific IgE (sIgE) antibodies.
Objective:
To evaluate tick exposure as a risk factor for AGS and elevated alpha-gal sIgE level.
Methods:
We conducted a case-control study comparing patients with AGS from a North Carolina allergy clinic with controls who were patients at a nearby internal medicine clinic. Cases and controls were administered a questionnaire to obtain information about demographics, home environment, outdoor activities, and recollection of tick bite. Serum samples taken at the time of enrollment were tested for total IgE, alpha-gal sIgE, and antibodies to other tick-borne pathogens.
Results:
The patients with AGS were more likely to recall finding a tick on themselves (odds ratio [OR], 11.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.97–25.15), live near wooded forest (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 0.92–5.55), and spend 17 or more hours per week outdoors in wooded areas (OR, 5.58; 95% CI, 2.56–12.19). The patients with AGS were also more likely to report 4 or more tick bites (OR, 33.05; 95% CI, 9.92–155.12) and reactions at the site of tick bites (OR, 7.93; 95% CI, 3.74–16.80). Furthermore, elevated alpha-gal sIgE level was observed in 33% of the controls and was associated with tick exposure in the controls (OR, 4.25; 95% CI, 2.21–8.18).
Conclusion:
The results define tick bite as a risk factor for AGS and elevated alpha-gal sIgE level.
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Source:
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Pubmed ID:36574585
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Pubmed Central ID:PMC10148555
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Document Type:
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Funding:
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Volume:130
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Issue:4
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