Increases in Methamphetamine Injection among Treatment Admissions in the U.S.

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Addict Behav
• Personal Author:
  Jones, Christopher M. ; Han, Beth ; Seth, Puja ; Baldwin, Grant ; Compton, Wilson M.
• Description:
  Background: ; Prior research indicates rising methamphetamine use and harms in the U.S., potentially related to increases in methamphetamine injection. To date, research on trends and correlates of methamphetamine injection is limited. ; Methods: ; Analysis of trends and correlates of methamphetamine injection among treatment admissions among persons aged ≥ 12 whose primary substance of use at admission is methamphetamine. Data are from the Treatment Episode Data Set. Analyses includes descriptive statistics, trend analyses, and multilevel multivariable logistic regression. ; Results: ; Primary methamphetamine treatment admissions increased from 138,379 in 2010 to 201,021 in 2019. Among primary methamphetamine admissions, injection as the usual route of use increased from 24,821 (18.0% of admissions) in 2010 to 55,951 (28.2% of admissions) in 2019. Characteristics associated with increased adjusted odds of reporting methamphetamine injection included: males (aOR=1.13, 95% CI=1.10–1.15); admission age 25–34 years (aOR= 1.23, 95% CI=1.19–1.28) and 35–44 years (aOR=1.12, 95% CI=1.08–1.17) compared to age 18–24; dependent living (aOR=1.33, 95% CI=1.29–1.37) and homelessness (aOR=1.58, 95% CI=1.54–1.63) compared to independent living; part-time employment (aOR=1.08, 95% CI=1.02–1.14), unemployment (aOR=1.39, 95% CI=1.34–1.44) and not in labor force (aOR=1.43, 95% CI=1.37–1.49) compared to full-time employment; one to ≥four prior treatment admissions (aORs ranging from 1.19 to 1.94) compared to no prior admissions; also reporting use of cocaine (aOR=1.10, 95% CI=1.05–1.16), heroin (aOR=3.52, 95% CI=3.40–3.66), prescription opioids (aOR=1.61, 95% CI=1.54–1.67), or benzodiazepines (aOR=1.42, 95% CI=1.32–1.52) at treatment admission. ; Conclusions: ; Findings lend further evidence to a resurgence of methamphetamine use that is intertwined with the ongoing opioid crisis in the U.S. Efforts to expand evidence-based prevention, treatment, and response efforts, particularly to populations at highest risk, are urgently needed.
• Subjects:
  • Analgesics, Opioid
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Cocaine
  • Heroin
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Methamphetamine
  • Substance-Related Disorders
• Keywords:
  • methamphetamine
  • injection drug use
  • stimulant injection
  • opioid and methamphetamine
• Source:
  Addict Behav. 136:107492
• Pubmed ID:
  36156454
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC9809156
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/
• Volume:
  136
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/123214/cdc_123214_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 455.79 KB]
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:bcc397c500a0d948a8781d4005ff4b3c2d77cbd55c5ee74481310a212ba7d3623a0b8066d231d65ec48d2e2bb7d4e9eed3a281fcbc46209a69de3d3456f3aede