Exposure to 1,3-Butadiene in the U.S. Population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016

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• Alternative Title:
  Biomarkers
• Personal Author:
  Nieto, Alma ; Zhang, Luyu ; Bhandari, Deepak ; Zhu, Wanzhe ; Blount, Benjamin C. ; De Jesús, Víctor R.
• Description:
  1,3-Butadiene is a volatile organic compound with a gasoline-like odour that is primarily used as a monomer in the production of synthetic rubber. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified 1,3-butadiene as a human carcinogen. We assessed 1,3-butadiene exposure in the U.S. population by measuring its urinary metabolites |-acetyl-S-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine (34HBMA), |-acetyl-S-(1-hydroxymethyl-2-propenyl)-L-cysteine (1HMPeMA), |-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxy-3-butenyl)-L-cysteine (2HBeMA), and |-acetyl-S-(4-hydroxy-2-buten-1-yl)-L-cysteine (4HBeMA). Urine samples from the 2011 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analysed for 1,3-butadiene metabolites using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 34HBMA and 4HBeMA were detected in >96% of the samples; 1HMPeMA and 2HBeMA were detected in 0.66% and 9.84% of the samples, respectively. We used sample-weighted linear regression models to examine the influence of smoking status (using a combination of self-reporting and serum-cotinine data), demographic variables, and diet on biomarker levels. The median 4HBeMA among exclusive smokers (31.5 µg/g creatinine) was higher than in non-users (4.11 µg/g creatinine). Similarly, the median 34HBMA among exclusive smokers (391 µg/g creatinine) was higher than in non-users (296 µg/g creatinine). Furthermore, smoking 1-10, 11-20, and >20 cigarettes per day (CPD) was associated with 475%, 849%, and 1143% higher 4HBeMA (| < 0.0001), respectively. Additionally, smoking 1-10, 11-20, and >20 CPD was associated with 33%, 44%, and 102% higher 34HBMA (| < 0.0001). These results provide significant baseline data for 1,3-butadiene exposure in the U.S. population, and demonstrate that tobacco smoke is a major exposure source.
• Subjects:
  Adolescent Adult Biomarkers Butadienes Carcinogens Child Child, Preschool Cross-Sectional Studies Environmental Exposure Female Humans Linear Models Male Middle Aged Molecular Structure Nutrition Surveys Smokers United States Young Adult

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• Keywords:
  1,3-butadiene Biomonitoring NHANES Tobacco Smoke Exposure Volatile Organic Compound Metabolites
• Source:
  Biomarkers. 26(4):371-383
• Pubmed ID:
  33729088
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC9310098
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/
• Volume:
  26
• Issue:
  4
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:9e0a721b209858c2f4552e8a90c2b3347917d0ff2e79667c5dce4a3eb67cd15f4a41c28ada1782a3098c27b41a9b41c271270a6ea1c2216dc902384013a91996
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/119645/cdc_119645_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 526.52 KB ]