Geospatial perspectives on the intersection of chronic disease and COVID-19
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Geospatial perspectives on the intersection of chronic disease and COVID-19

Filetype[PDF-1.69 MB]


English
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  • Corporate Authors:
    National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U.S.)
  • Description:
    This collection of articles in Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD) brings together scientists and practitioners from the breadth of public health and the social sciences to demonstrate how geospatial perspectives can contribute to understanding and addressing the intersection of chronic disease and COVID-19, a respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected chronic disease in many complex ways. Early in the pandemic, it became clear that people with chronic conditions and those in older age groups were at the highest risk for COVID-19 hospitalization and death (1–3). Racial and ethnic minority populations experienced disproportionately worse health outcomes (4). Pandemic-related disruptions to the health care system and individuals’ concerns about health care–related exposures affected chronic disease management: in-person visits for people with chronic conditions declined, supply chain disruptions led to shortages of medications, and the number of cancer screenings, treatments, and surgeries declined in the United States (5–7). More recent evidence suggests that COVID-19 may exacerbate existing chronic diseases and increase the risk of developing new chronic conditions, such as diabetes in adults (8,9), type 1 diabetes in children (10), neurological disorders (11), dementia (12), mental illness (13), and cardiovascular disease (14). In addition, an estimated one-half of COVID-19 survivors worldwide continue to have COVID-related health problems 6 months or more after recovery from the acute infection, making “long COVID” our newest and still largely unresearched chronic disease (15). Finally, social and economic inequities underlie disparities in incidence of both chronic diseases and COVID-19, an intersection that has been labeled a syndemic, defined as the “presence of 2 or more disease states that adversely interact with each other, negatively affecting the mutual course of each disease trajectory, enhancing vulnerability, and which are made more deleterious by experienced inequities” (16).

    Space and place are key elements of individual and population health — social and environmental determinants of health are embedded within place, and health outcomes and inequities typically exhibit strong geographic variation (17,18). Thus, geospatial perspectives, which address aspects of space and place, play a key role in the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its intersection with chronic disease (19,20). Here, we consider geospatial perspectives to include the broad swath of geospatial data, analytical techniques, and technologies encompassed in the field of geographic information science and technology (GIS&T) (21). Geospatial data on disease incidence and mortality, available at the individual address level or aggregated to small areas, allow us to understand the geographic distribution of COVID-19 and the chronic disease burden and their spatial coincidence with other measures. Geospatial data can also capture community-level socioeconomic characteristics, such as indicators of race, ethnicity, and class, which serve to illuminate interrelated disparities in the incidence of COVID-19 and chronic disease.

    Publication date from document properties.

    Geospatial-Perspective_508.pdf

  • Content Notes:
    Geospatial Perspectives on the Intersection of Chronic Disease and COVID-19 / Mennis J, Matthews KA, Huston SL. Geospatial Perspectives on the Intersection of Chronic Disease and COVID-19. Prev Chronic Dis 2022;19:220145. -- Incorporating Geographic Information Science and Technology in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic / Smith CD, Mennis J. Incorporating Geographic Information Science and Technology in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Prev Chronic Dis 2020;17:200246. -- Enabling Hotspot Detection and Public Health Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic / Foraker R, Landman J, Lackey I, Haslam MD, Antes AL, Goldfarb D. Enabling Hotspot Detection and Public Health Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Prev Chronic Dis 2022;19:210425. -- Variation in Risk of COVID-19 Infection and Predictors of Social Determinants of Health in Miami–Dade County, Florida / Moise IK. Variation in Risk of COVID-19 Infection and Predictors of Social Determinants of Health in Miami–Dade County, Florida. Prev Chronic Dis 2020;17:200358. -- Mapping Chronic Disease Risk Factors With ArcGIS Online in Support of COVID-19 Response in Florida/DuClos C, Folsom J, Joiner J, Jordan M, Reid K, Bailey M, et al. Mapping Chronic Disease Risk Factors With ArcGIS Online in Support of COVID-19 Response in Florida. Prev Chronic Dis 2021;18:200647. -- A Spatio-Demographic Perspective on the Role of Social Determinants of Health and Chronic Disease in Determining a Population’s Vulnerability to COVID-19 / Embury J, Tsou MH, Nara A, Oren E. A Spatio-Demographic Perspective on the Role of Social Determinants of Health and Chronic Disease in Determining a Population’s Vulnerability to COVID-19. Prev Chronic Dis 2022;19:210414. -- The Town-Level Prevalence of Chronic Lung Conditions and Death From COVID-19 Among Older Adults in Connecticut and Rhode Island / Jansen T, Man Lee C, Xu S, Silverstein NM, Dugan E. The Town-Level Prevalence of Chronic Lung Conditions and Death From COVID-19 Among Older Adults in Connecticut and Rhode Island. Prev Chronic Dis 2022;19:210421. -- Mapping EBT Store Closures During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Low-Income, Food-Insecure Community in San Diego / Lowery BC, Swayne MR, Castro I, Embury J. Mapping EBT Store Closures During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Low-Income, Food-Insecure Community in San Diego. Prev Chronic Dis 2022;19:210410. -- Expansion of Grocery Delivery and Access for Washington SNAP Participants During the COVID-19 Pandemic /Beese S, Amram O, Corylus A, Graves JM, Postma J, Monsivais P. Expansion of Grocery Delivery and Access for Washington SNAP Participants During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Prev Chronic Dis 2022;19:210412. -- Disparities in Internet Access and COVID-19 Vaccination in New York City / Michaels IH, Pirani SJ, Carrascal A. Disparities in Internet Access and COVID-19 Vaccination in New York City. Prev Chronic Dis 2021;18:210143. -- Association Between Population Mobility Reductions and New COVID-19 Diagnoses in the United States Along the Urban–Rural Gradient, February–April, 2020 / Li X, Rudolph AE, Mennis J. Association Between Population Mobility Reductions and New COVID-19 Diagnoses in the United States Along the Urban–Rural Gradient, February–April, 2020. Prev Chronic Dis 2020;17:200241.
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    Book
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    Collected Works
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    North America
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