Seroprevalence of Anti-polio Antibodies in Children From Polio High-risk Areas of Pakistan

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Pediatr Infect Dis J
• Personal Author:
  Hussain, Imtiaz ; Mach, Ondrej ; Habib, Atif ; Bhatti, Zaid ; Suhag, Zamir ; Oberste, M. Steven ; Weldon, William C. ; Sutter, Roland W. ; Soofi, Sajid B. ; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
• Description:
  Background:
  
  Pakistan is one of the 3 remaining wild poliovirus endemic countries. We collected sera from children to assess the prevalence of poliovirus antibodies in selected high-risk areas for poliovirus transmission.
  
  Methods:
  
  Children in 2 age groups (6–11 and 36–48 months) were randomly selected between November 2015 and March 2016 in 6 areas of Pakistan (Sindh Province: Karachi and Kashmore; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province: Peshawar, Bannu and Nowshera; Punjab Province: Faisalabad). After obtaining informed consent, basic demographic and vaccination history data were collected, 1 peripheral venipuncture was obtained, and assays to detect poliovirus (PV)–neutralizing antibodies were performed.
  
  Results:
  
  A total of 1301 children were enrolled and had peripheral blood drawn that analyzed. Study subjects were evenly distributed among survey sites and age groups. Anti-polio seroprevalence differed significantly among geographic areas (P < 0.001); in the 6–11 months group, it ranged between 89% and 98%, 58% and 95%, and 74% and 96% for PV serotypes 1, 2 and 3, respectively; in 36–48 months group, it ranged between 99% and 100%, 95% and 100%, and 92% and 100% for PV 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Having received inactivate poliovirus vaccine, malnourishment (stunting) and educational level of parents were found to be associated with presence of anti-polio antibodies.
  
  Conclusion:
  
  The polio eradication program achieved overall high serologic protection; however, immunity gaps in young children in the high polio risk areas remain. These gaps enable sustained circulation of wild poliovirus type 1, and pose risk for emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses. Focusing on the lowest socioeconomic strata of society, where malnutrition is most prevalent, could accelerate poliovirus eradication.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Antibodies, Viral Child, Preschool Cross-Sectional Studies Disease Eradication Female Humans Infant Male Multivariate Analysis Poliomyelitis Poliovirus Seroepidemiologic Studies

  More +
• Source:
  Pediatr Infect Dis J. 36(9):e230-e236
• Pubmed ID:
  28806355
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC9131303
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  001/WHO_/World Health OrganizationInternational/ ; CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/
• Place as Subject:
  Pakistan
• Volume:
  36
• Issue:
  9
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:9725e97deb0593a973b5e809a1f1d65cac6243b08448d8ce5dd4fc9890137069
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/119187/cdc_119187_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.23 MB ]