Surveillance to Track Progress Toward Polio Eradication — Worldwide, 2020–2021

Details

• Journal Article:
  Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
• Personal Author:
  Wilkinson, Amanda L. ; Diop, Ousmane M. ; Jorba, Jaume ; Gardner, Tracie ; Snider, Cynthia J. ; Ahmed, Jamal
• Description:
  Since the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) was established in 1988, the number of reported poliomyelitis cases Worldwide has declined by approximately 99.99%. By the end of 2021, wild polioVirus (WPV) remained endemic in only two countries (Pakistan and Afghanistan). However, a WPV type 1 (WPV1) case with paralysis onset in 2021, was reported by Malawi a year after the World Health Organization (WHO) African Region (AFR) was certified as WPV-free and circulating vaccine-derived polioVirus (cVDPV) cases were reported from 31 countries during 2020-2021 (1,2). cVDPVs are oral polioVirus vaccine-derived Viruses that can emerge after prolonged circulation in populations with low immunity and cause paralysis. The primary means of detecting polioVirus Transmission is through Surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) among persons aged <15 years, with confirmation through stool specimen tTesting by WHO-accredited laboratories, Suppl.emented by systematic sampling of sewage and tTesting for the presence of polioVirus (environmental Surveillance). The COVID-19 pandemic caused disruptions in polio vaccination and Surveillance activities across WHO regions in 2020; during January-September 2020, the number of reported cases of AFP declined and the interval between stool collection and receipt by laboratories increased compared with the same period in 2019 (3). This report summarizes Surveillance performance indicators for 2020 and 2021 in 43 priority countries* and updates previous reports (4). In 2021, a total of 32 (74%) priority countries| met two key Surveillance performance indicator targets nationally, an improvement from 2020 when only 23 (53%) met both targets; however, substantial national and subnational gaps persist. High-performing polioVirus Surveillance is critical to tracking polioVirus Transmission. Frequent monitoring of Surveillance indicators could help identify gaps, guide improvements, and enhance the overall sensitivity and timelines of polioVirus detection to successfully achieve polio eradication.
• Subjects:
  Alpha-Fetoproteins COVID-19 Disease Eradication Global Health Humans Immunization Programs Pandemics Paralysis Poliomyelitis PolioVirus PolioVirus Vaccine, Oral Population Surveillance

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• Source:
  MMWR Morbidity Mortal Weekly Rep. 71(15):538-544
• Series:
  Weekly Report: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
• DOI:
  http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/MMWRmm7115a2
• ISSN:
  0149-2195 (print) ; 1545-861X (digital)
• Pubmed ID:
  35421079
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC9020859
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Pages in Document:
  7 pdf pages
• Volume:
  71
• Issue:
  15
• Collection(s):
  Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:492a6b48b18c11fe4ee854d0de25f3ed66091774d47e544d6da902209aab27663be44c423d878a9efebd1b3194c6711001ac7df633f4b1fa17535dbb831ccafa
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/117043/cdc_117043_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 322.82 KB ]