Acute Hepatitis and Adenovirus Infection Among Children — Alabama, October 2021–February 2022

Details

• Personal Author:
  Baker, Julia M. ; Buchfellner, Markus ; Britt, William ; Sanchez, Veronica ; Potter, Jennifer L. ; Ingram, L. Amanda ; Shiau, Henry ; Gutierrez Sanchez, Luz Helena ; Saaybi, Stephanie ; Kelly, David ; Lu, Xiaoyan ; Vega, Everardo M. ; Ayers-Millsap, Stephanie ; Wesley G. Willeford, MD ; Rassaei, Negar ; Bullock, Hannah ; Reagan-Steiner, Sarah ; Martin, Ali ; Moulton, Elizabeth A. ; Lamson, Daryl M. ; George, Kirsten St. ; Parashar, Umesh D. ; Hall, D. Aron J. ; MacNeil, Adam ; Tate, Jacqueline E. ; Kirking, Hannah L.
• Corporate Authors:
  National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (U.S.)Division of Viral Diseases. ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)Epidemic Intelligence Service. ; University of Alabama at Birmingham. Department of Pediatrics. Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. ; Alabama. Department of Public Health ; University of Alabama at Birmingham. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. ; Children’s of Alabama. ; University of Alabama at Birmingham. Department of Pathology. ; Jefferson County Department of Health, Birmingham, Alabama ; National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (U.S.)Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology. ; Synergy America, Inc.. ; Baylor College of Medicine. Department of Pediatrics. Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. ; Texas Children’s Hospital. ; Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research. ; University at Albany. Department of Biomedical Sciences.
• Description:
  During October–November 2021, clinicians at a children’s hospital in Alabama identified five pediatric patients with severe hepatitis and adenoVirus viremia upon admission. In November 2021, hospital clinicians, the Alabama Department of Public Health, the Jefferson County Department of Health, and CDC began an investigation. This activity was reviewed by CDC and conducted consistent with applicable federal law and CDC policy.
  
  Clinical records from the hospital were reviewed to identify patients seen on or after October 1, 2021, with hepatitis and an adenoVirus infection, detected via real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tTesting on whole blood specimens, and no other known cause for hepatitis. An additional four children were identified, for a total of nine patients with hepatitis of unknown etiology and concomitant adenoVirus infection during October 2021–February 2022. On February 1, 2022, a statewide health advisory† was disseminated to aid in the identification of cases at other facilities in Alabama; no additional patients were identified.
  
  All nine children were patients at Children’s of Alabama. These patients were from geographically distinct parts of the state; no epidemiologic links among patients were identified. The median age at admission was 2 years, 11 months (IQR = 1 year, 8 months to 5 years, 9 months) and seven patients were female (Table). All patients were immunocompetent with no clinically significant medical comorbidities.
  
  Before admission, among the nine patients, vomiting, diarrhea, and upper respiratory symptoms were reported by seven, six, and three patients, respectively. At admission, eight patients had scleral icterus, seven had hepatomegaly, six had jaundice, and one had encephalopathy (Table). Elevated transaminases were detected among all patients§ (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] range = 603–4,696 U/L; aspartate aminotransferase [AST] range = 447–4,000 U/L); total bilirubin ranged from normal to elevated (range = 0.23–13.5 mg/dL, elevated in eight patients). All patients received negative test results for hepatitis Viruses A, B, and C, and several other causes of pediatric hepatitis and infections were ruled out including autoimmune hepatitis, Wilson disease, bacteremia, urinary tract infections, and SARS-CoV-2 infection. None of the children had documented History of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  
  Suggested citation for this article: Baker JM, Buchfellner M, Britt W, et al. Acute Hepatitis and AdenoVirus Infection Among Children — Alabama, October 2021–February 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. ePub: 29 April 2022.
  
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• Subjects:
  Adenoviridae AdenoVirus Infections, Human Child Child, Preschool Hepatitis, Viral, Human Hepatitis A
• Source:
  MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2022; v. 71 Early Release
• Series:
  Weekly Report: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
• ISSN:
  0149-2195 (print) ; 1545-861X (digital)
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Alabama
• Pages in Document:
  3 pdf pages
• Volume:
  71
• Collection(s):
  Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:f2d718eb4e7a5c8164e679f10420fb7272749ffeb932f636dd6b0410aee169bc64255eee660bfe1443b42d0d1c1b06e2fe7c22b7f0089895d942544996852060
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/116840/cdc_116840_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 315.49 KB ]