Sodium Intake and Blood Pressure Among US Children and Adolescents

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Pediatrics
• Personal Author:
  Yang, Quanhe ; Zhang, Zefeng ; Kuklina, Elena V. ; Fang, Jing ; Ayala, Carma ; Hong, Yuling ; Loustalot, Fleetwood ; Dai, Shifan ; Gunn, Janelle P. ; Tian, Niu ; Cogswell, Mary E. ; Merritt, Robert
• Description:
  OBJECTIVE:
  
  To assess the association between usual dietary sodium intake and blood pressure among US children and adolescents, overall and by weight status.
  
  METHODS:
  
  Children and adolescents aged 8 to 18 years (n = 6235) who participated in NHANES 2003–2008 comprised the sample. Subjects’ usual sodium intake was estimated by using multiple 24-hour dietary recalls. Linear or logistic regression was used to examine association between sodium intake and blood pressure or risk for pre-high blood pressure and high blood pressure (pre-HBP/HPB).
  
  RESULTS:
  
  Study subjects consumed an average of 3387 mg/day of sodium, and 37% were overweight/obese. Each 1000 mg per day sodium intake was associated with an increased SD score of 0.097 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.006–0.188, ~1.0 mm Hg) in systolic blood pressure (SBP) among all subjects and 0.141 (95% CI: −0.010 to 0.298, ~1.5 mm Hg) increase among overweight/obese subjects. Mean adjusted SBP increased progressively with sodium intake quartile, from 106.2 mm Hg (95% CI: 105.1–107.3) to 108.8 mm Hg (95% CI: 107.5–110.1) overall (P = .010) and from 109.0 mm Hg (95% CI: 107.2–110.8) to 112.8 mm Hg (95% CI: 110.7–114.9; P = .037) among those overweight/obese. Adjusted odds ratios comparing risk for pre-HBP/HPB among subjects in the highest versus lowest sodium intake quartile were 2.0 (95% CI: 0.95–4.1, P = .062) overall and 3.5 (95% CI: 1.3–9.2, P = .013) among those overweight/obese. Sodium intake and weight status appeared to have synergistic effects on risk for pre-HBP/HPB (relative excess risk for interaction = 0.29 (95% CI: 0.01–0.90, P < .05).
  
  CONCLUSIONS:
  
  Sodium intake is positively associated with SBP and risk for pre-HBP/HPB among US children and adolescents, and this association may be stronger among those who are overweight/obese.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Adolescent Article Blood Pressure Blood Pressure Determination Cardiovascular Risk Factor Child Cross-Sectional Studies Diet Surveys Female Humans Hypertension Linear Models Logistic Models Male Nutrition Surveys Obesity Odds Ratio Overweight Risk Factors Self Report Sodium, Dietary Sodium Intake United States

  More +
• Source:
  Pediatrics. 130(4):611-619
• Pubmed ID:
  22987869
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC9011362
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/
• Volume:
  130
• Issue:
  4
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:247de3e65da66bad27fac4d3eaff580834bb349ba82cba2e883ce1e9d06511df
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/116475/cdc_116475_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 527.15 KB ]