Waning 2-Dose and 3-Dose Effectiveness of mRNA Vaccines Against COVID-19–Associated Emergency Department and Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Adults During Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Predominance — VISION Network, 10 States, August 2021–January 2022

Details

• Journal Article:
  Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
• Personal Author:
  Ferdinands, Jill M. ; Rao, Suchitra ; Dixon, Brian E. ; Mitchell, Patrick K. ; DeSilva, Malini B. ; Irving, Stephanie A. ; Lewis, Ned ; Natarajan, Karthik ; Stenehjem, Edward ; Grannis, Shaun J. ; Han, Jungmi ; McEvoy, Charlene ; Ong, Toan C. ; Naleway, Allison L. ; Reese, Sarah E. ; Embi, Peter J. ; Dascomb, Kristin ; Klein, Nicola P. ; Griggs, Eric P. ; Konatham, Deepika ; Kharbanda, Anupam B. ; Yang, Duck-Hye ; Fadel, William F. ; Grisel, Nancy ; Goddard, Kristin ; Patel, Palak ; Liao, I-Chia ; Birch, Rebecca ; Valvi, Nimish R. ; Reynolds, Sue ; Arndorfer, Julie ; Zerbo, Ousseny ; Dickerson, Monica ; Murthy, Kempapura ; Williams, Jeremiah ; Bozio, Catherine H. ; Blanton, Lenee ; Verani, Jennifer R. ; Schrag, Stephanie J. ; Dalton, Alexandra F. ; Wondimu, Mehiret H. ; Link-Gelles, Ruth ; Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo ; Barron, Michelle A. ; Gaglani, Manjusha ; Thompson, Mark G. ; Fireman, Bruce
• Description:
  CDC recommends that all persons aged ≥12 years receive a booster dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine ≥5 months after completion of a primary mRNA vaccination series and that immunocompromised persons receive a third primary dose.* Waning of vaccine protection after 2 doses of mRNA vaccine has been observed during the period of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variants predominance| (1-5), but little is known about durability of protection after 3 doses during periods of Delta or SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) Variants predominance. A test-negative case-control study design using data from eight VISION Network sites| examined vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 emergency department/urgent care (ED/UC) visits and hospitalizations among U.S. adults aged ≥18 years at various time points after receipt of a second or third vaccine dose during two periods: Delta Variants predominance and Omicron Variants predominance (i.e., periods when each Variants accounted for ≥50% of sequenced isolates).| Persons categorized as having received 3 doses included those who received a third dose in a primary series or a booster dose after a 2 dose primary series (including the reduced-dosage Moderna booster). The VISION Network analyzed 241,204 ED/UC encounters** and 93,408 hospitalizations across 10 states during August 26, 2021-January 22, 2022. VE after receipt of both 2 and 3 doses was lower during the Omicron-predominant than during the Delta-predominant period at all time points evaluated. During both periods, VE after receipt of a third dose was higher than that after a second dose; however, VE waned with increasing time since vaccination. During the Omicron period, VE against ED/UC visits was 87% during the first 2 months after a third dose and decreased to 66% among those vaccinated 4-5 months earlier; VE against hospitalizations was 91% during the first 2 months following a third dose and decreased to 78% ≥4 months after a third dose. For both Delta- and Omicron-predominant periods, VE was generally higher for protection against hospitalizations than against ED/UC visits. All eligible persons should remain up to date with recommended COVID-19 vaccinations to best protect against COVID-19-associated hospitalizations and ED/UC visits.
• Subjects:
  Adult Aged Aged, 80 And Over Ambulatory Care Case-Control Studies COVID-19 COVID-19 Vaccines Emergency Service, Hospital Female Hospitalization Humans Male Middle Aged MRNA Vaccines SARS-CoV-2 Time Factors Vaccine Efficacy Young Adult

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• Source:
  MMWR Morbidity Mortal Weekly Rep. 71(7):255-263
• Series:
  Weekly Report: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
• DOI:
  http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/MMWRmm7107e2
• ISSN:
  0149-2195 (print) ; 1545-861X (digital)
• Pubmed ID:
  35176007
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC8853475
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  United States
• Pages in Document:
  9 pdf pages
• Volume:
  71
• Issue:
  7
• Collection(s):
  Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:4118d944cef3139fae9ef0f1654dc75df0d4ef17394f5da5ba541f2540b56e09bd04c7bb51e68a9b773ea8fe831b8ce84bd25672c13c8bed11689afdb6b452a2
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/115071/cdc_115071_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 598.20 KB ]