Clinical, diagnostic, and epidemiological features of a community-wide outbreak of canine leptospirosis in a low-prevalence region (Maricopa County, Arizona)

Details

• Alternative Title:
  J Am Vet Med Assoc
• Personal Author:
  Iverson, Sally Ann ; Levy, Craig ; Yaglom, Hayley D. ; Venkat, Heather L. ; Artus, Aileen ; Galloway, Renee ; Guagliardo, Sarah Anne J. ; Reynolds, Laura ; Kretschmer, Melissa JoAnne ; LaFerla Jenni, Margaret E. ; Woodward, Peter ; Reindel, Alison A. ; Tarrant, Sheena ; Sylvester, Tammy ; Klein, Ronald ; Mundschenk, Peter ; Sunenshine, Rebecca ; Schafer, Ilana J.
  More +
• Description:
  OBJECTIVE ; To describe clinical, diagnostic, and epidemiological features of an outbreak of leptospirosis in dogs in Maricopa County, Ariz, from January 2016 through June 2017. ; ANIMALS ; 71 case and 281 control dogs. ; PROCEDURES ; Cases were classified as confirmed, probable, suspect, or not a case on the basis of medical record data that fulfilled clinical, diagnostic, and epidemiological criteria. Potential exposures were assessed by owner survey. For the case-control investigation, control dogs were recruited through owner completion of a July 2017 survey. Summary statistics and ORs for case dog lifestyle factors were reported. ; RESULTS ; 54 dogs were classified as confirmed and 17 as probable cases. For 4 dogs of a household cluster (5 confirmed and 3 probable), the highest microscopic agglutination titer was for serovar Djasiman (Leptospira kirschneri detected by PCR assay), and for 13 dogs of a community outbreak (49 confirmed and 14 probable cases), the highest titer was for serovar Canicola (Leptospira interrogans detected by PCR assay). The 44 case dogs included in the case-control investigation were 7.7 (95% CI, 3.5 to 16.7) and 2.9 times (95% CI, 1.3 to 6.6) as likely as control dogs to have visited dog daycare or to have been kenneled overnight at a boarding facility, respectively, 30 days prior to the onset of clinical signs or diagnosis. ; CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE ; Diagnostic and epidemiological findings indicated 2 outbreaks. Transmission where dogs congregated likely propagated the community outbreak. Outbreaks of leptospiral infections can occur in regions of low prevalence, and a dog’s exposure to areas where dogs congregate should be considered when making Leptospira vaccination recommendations.
• Subjects:
  • Article
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Bacterial
  • Arizona
  • Disease Outbreaks
  • Dog Diseases
  • Dogs
  • Leptospira
  • Leptospirosis
  • Prevalence
• Source:
  J Am Vet Med Assoc. 258(6):616-629
• Pubmed ID:
  33683958
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC8786034
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/
• Place as Subject:
  United States
• Volume:
  258
• Issue:
  6
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/113769/cdc_113769_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 630.62 KB]
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:ced48fdac8cf3d560a0f96523ddaa1461e793b1be089c13c1e03b1a655ccc4ff