i
Interaction profile for lead, manganese, zinc, and copper
-
May 2004
[PDF-1.57 MB]
Details:
-
Personal Author:
-
Corporate Authors:
-
Description:Lead, manganese, zinc, and copper were chosen as the subject mixture for this interaction profile based on an analysis of the most frequently occurring binary mixtures in completed exposure pathways at hazardous waste sites. These metals are commonly found in soil. The primary route of exposure for this mixture is likely to be oral and the durations of concern are intermediate and particularly chronic. The term “metals” is used in this profile for brevity and convenience, and is intended to refer to lead, manganese, zinc, and copper in inorganic compounds or as ions. Because no pertinent health effects data or physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models were located for the quaternary mixture, exposure-based assessment of health hazards for this mixture depends on an evaluation of the health effects data for the individual metals and on the joint toxic action and mechanistic data for various combinations of these metals. This profile discusses and evaluates the evidence for joint toxic action among lead, manganese, zinc, and copper, and recommends how to incorporate concerns regarding possible interactions or additivity into public health assessments of sites where people may be exposed to mixtures of these chemicals.
Although occupational and environmental exposure studies of the trinary mixture of lead, zinc, and copper are available, they are not adequate as the basis for conclusions regarding the toxicity of this mixture due to inconsistencies in results across studies by a single group of investigators and deficiencies in study design. In general, the effects in workers coexposed to lead, zinc, and copper were characteristic of lead toxicity. Whether the coexposure to zinc and copper provided partial protection against these effects cannot be determined from the data. In animals exposed environmentally to lead, zinc, and copper (and cadmium), high bone burdens of lead and low tissue levels of copper were seen, in comparison with unexposed animals. The decreased copper in the tissues may reflect zinc inhibition of copper absorption, but again, no clear conclusions can be drawn from this study.
ip06.pdf
-
Subjects:
-
Collection(s):
-
Main Document Checksum:
-
Download URL:
-
File Type:
