Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR): Surveillance Summaries, December 2021 / Vol. 70 / No. SS-11

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, U.S. 2018
• Journal Article:
  Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR): Surveillance Summaries
• Personal Author:
  Maenner, Matthew J. ; Shaw, Kelly A. ; Bakian, Amanda V. ; Bilder, Deborah A. ; Durkin, Maureen S. ; Esler, Amy ; Furnier, Sarah M. ; Hallas, Libby ; Hall-Lande, Jennifer ; Hudson, Allison ; Hughes, Michelle M. ; Patrick, Mary ; Pierce, Karen ; Poynter, Jenny N. ; Salinas, Angelica ; Shenouda, Josephine ; Vehorn, Alison ; Warren, Zachary ; Constantino, John N. ; DiRienzo, Monica ; Fitzgerald, Robert T. ; Grzybowski, Andrea ; Spivey, Margaret H. ; Pettygrove, Sydney ; Zahorodny, Walter ; Ali, Akilah ; Andrews, Jennifer G. ; Baroud, Thaer ; Gutierrez, Johanna ; Hewitt, Amy ; Lee, Li-Ching ; Lopez, Maya ; Mancilla, Kristen Clancy ; McArthur, Dedria ; Schwenk, Yvette D. ; Washington, Anita ; Williams, Susan ; Cogswell, Mary E.
• Corporate Authors:
  National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; University of Utah School of Medicine ; University of Wisconsin, Madison ; University of Minnesota ; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences ; University of California, San Diego ; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School ; Vanderbilt University Medical Center ; Washington University ; Johns Hopkins University ; University of Arizona, Tucson ; Oak Ridge Institute for Research and Education
• Description:
  The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network conducts active Surveillance of ASD. This report focuses on the prevalence and characteristics of ASD among children aged 8 years in 2018 whose parents or guardians lived in 11 ADDM Network sites in the U.S. (Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, Tennessee, Utah, and Wisconsin). To ascertain ASD among children aged 8 years, ADDM Network staff review and abstract developmental evaluations and records from community medical and educational service providers. In 2018, children met the case definition if their records documented 1) an ASD diagnostic statement in an evaluation (Diagnosis), 2) a special education classification of ASD (eligibility), or 3) an ASD International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code. For 2018, across all 11 ADDM sites, ASD prevalence per 1,000 children aged 8 years ranged from 16.5 in Missouri to 38.9 in California. The overall ASD prevalence was 23.0 per 1,000 (one in 44) children aged 8 years, and ASD was 4.2 times as prevalent among boys as among girls. Overall ASD prevalence was similar across racial and ethnic groups, except American Indian/Alaska Native children had higher ASD prevalence than non-Hispanic White (White) children (29.0 versus 21.2 per 1,000 children aged 8 years). At multiple sites, Hispanic children had lower ASD prevalence than White children (Arizona, Arkansas, Georgia, and Utah), and non-Hispanic Black (Black) children (Georgia and Minnesota). The associations between ASD prevalence and neighborhood-level median household income varied by site. Among the 5,058 children who met the ASD case definition, 75.8% had a diagnostic statement of ASD in an evaluation, 18.8% had an ASD special education classification or eligibility and no ASD diagnostic statement, and 5.4% had an ASD ICD code only. ASD prevalence per 1,000 children aged 8 years that was based exclusively on documented ASD diagnostic statements was 17.4 overall (range: 11.2 in Maryland to 29.9 in California). The median age of earliest known ASD Diagnosis ranged from 36 months in California to 63 months in Minnesota.
  
  The variability in ASD prevalence and community ASD identification practices among children with different racial, ethnic, and geographical characteristics highlights the importance of research into the causes of that variability and strategies to provide equitable access to developmental evaluations and Services These findings also underscore the need for enhanced infrastructure for diagnostic, treatment, and support services to meet the needs of all children.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Autism Spectrum Disorder Child, Preschool Female Humans Male Prevalence Public Health Surveillance
• Source:
  Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR): Surveillance Summaries, 2021; v. 70, no. 11
• Series:
  Surveillance Summaries: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
• DOI:
  http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/MMWRss7011a1
• ISSN:
  1546-0738 (print) ; 1545-8636 (digital)
• Pubmed ID:
  34855725
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC8639024
• Document Type:
  Journal Issue
• Place as Subject:
  United States
• Pages in Document:
  20 pdf pages
• Volume:
  70
• Issue:
  11
• Collection(s):
  Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:c14be162b3c641c73d9a3d98d264348ed8c8a8533d1b23f4442abe406532b4374bda6fde491fc7b837ae55c7e7d71ca741fd6fef709cf472b7293390d47dbc85
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/112533/cdc_112533_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 491.10 KB ]