Exposure to Nicotine and Toxicants Among Dual Users of Tobacco Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes: Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, 2013-2014

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Nicotine Tob Res
• Personal Author:
  Smith, Danielle M. ; Christensen, Carol ; van Bemmel, Dana ; Borek, Nicolette ; Ambrose, Bridget ; Erives, Gladys ; Niaura, Raymond ; Edwards, Kathryn C. ; Stanton, Cassandra A. ; Blount, Benjamin C. ; Wang, Lanqing ; Feng, Jun ; Jarrett, Jeffery M. ; Ward, Cynthia D. ; Hatsukami, Dorothy ; Hecht, Stephen S. ; Kimmel, Heather L. ; Travers, Mark ; Hyland, Andrew ; Goniewicz, Maciej L.
• Description:
  Background:
  
  Concurrent use of tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes (“dual use”) is common among tobacco users. Little is known about differences in demographics and toxicant exposure among subsets of dual users.
  
  Methods:
  
  We analyzed data from adult dual users (current every/someday users of tobacco cigarettes and/or e-cigarettes, n=792) included in the PATH Study Wave 1 (2013–2014) and provided urine samples. Samples were analyzed for biomarkers of exposure to nicotine and selected toxicants (tobacco specific nitrosamine NNK (NNAL), lead, cadmium, naphthalene (2-naphthol), pyrene (1-hydroxypyrene), acrylonitrile (CYMA), acrolein (CEMA), and acrylamide (AAMA)). Subsets of dual users were compared on demographic, behavioral, and biomarker measures to exclusive cigarette smokers (n=2,411) and exclusive e-cigarette users (n=247).
  
  Results:
  
  Most dual users were predominant cigarette smokers (70%), followed by daily dual users (13%), non-daily concurrent dual users (10%), and predominant vapers (7%). Dual users who smoked daily showed significantly higher biomarker concentrations compared to those who did not smoke daily. Patterns of e-cigarette use had little effect on toxicant exposure. Dual users with high toxicant exposure were generally older, female, and smoked more cigarettes per day. Dual users who had low levels of biomarkers of exposure were generally younger, male, and smoked non-daily.
  
  Conclusions:
  
  In this era, most dual users smoked cigarettes daily and used e-cigarettes occasionally. Cigarette smoking appears to be the primary driver of toxicant exposure among dual users, with little-to-no effect of e-cigarette use on biomarker levels. Results reinforce the need for dual users to stop smoking tobacco cigarettes to reduce toxicant exposure.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Adult Biomarkers Cigarette Smoking Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Female Health Behavior Humans Male Metals, Heavy Middle Aged Nicotine Nitrosamines Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Pyrenes Smokers Tobacco Products United States Vaping

  More +
• Source:
  Nicotine Tob Res. 23(5):790-797
• Pubmed ID:
  33590857
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC8095240
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/ ; HHSN271201600001C/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/ ; HHSN271201100027C/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/
• Volume:
  23
• Issue:
  5
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:14ee18089a694b226082f8ae715679913da2b7bdce510977017e8f8ebb781f1a686dca9025f6f2d7b63fb8a8b31f54f1142e8b2fb672fb01dd62088b6d54c6ca
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/105958/cdc_105958_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.06 MB ]