Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Nat Neurosci
• Personal Author:
  Escartin, Carole ; Galea, Elena ; Lakatos, András ; O’Callaghan, James P. ; Petzold, Gabor C. ; Serrano-Pozo, Alberto ; Steinhäuser, Christian ; Volterra, Andrea ; Carmignoto, Giorgio ; Agarwal, Amit ; Allen, Nicola J. ; Araque, Alfonso ; Barbeito, Luis ; Barzilai, Ari ; Bergles, Dwight E. ; Bonvento, Gilles ; Butt, Arthur M. ; Chen, Wei-Ting ; Cohen-Salmon, Martine ; Cunningham, Colm ; Deneen, Benjamin ; De Strooper, Bart ; Díaz-Castro, Blanca ; Farina, Cinthia ; Freeman, Marc ; Gallo, Vittorio ; Goldman, James E. ; Goldman, Steven A. ; Götz, Magdalena ; Gutiérrez, Antonia ; Haydon, Philip G. ; Heiland, Dieter H. ; Hol, Elly M. ; Holt, Matthew G. ; Iino, Masamitsu ; Kastanenka, Ksenia V. ; Kettenmann, Helmut ; Khakh, Baljit S. ; Koizumi, Schuichi ; Lee, C. Justin ; Liddelow, Shane A. ; MacVicar, Brian A. ; Magistretti, Pierre ; Messing, Albee ; Mishra, Anusha ; Molofsky, Anna V. ; Murai, Keith K. ; Norris, Christopher M. ; Okada, Seiji ; Oliet, Stéphane H. R. ; Oliveira, João F. ; Panatier, Aude ; Parpura, Vladimir ; Pekna, Marcela ; Pekny, Milos ; Pellerin, Luc ; Perea, Gertrudis ; Pérez-Nievas, Beatriz G. ; Pfrieger, Frank W. ; Poskanzer, Kira E. ; Quintana, Francisco J. ; Ransohoff, Richard M. ; Riquelme-Perez, Miriam ; Robel, Stefanie ; Rose, Christine R. ; Rothstein, Jeffrey D. ; Rouach, Nathalie ; Rowitch, David H. ; Semyanov, Alexey ; Sirko, Swetlana ; Sontheimer, Harald ; Swanson, Raymond A. ; Vitorica, Javier ; Wanner, Ina-Beate ; Wood, Levi B. ; Wu, Jiaqian ; Zheng, Binhai ; Zimmer, Eduardo R. ; Zorec, Robert ; Sofroniew, Michael V. ; Verkhratsky, Alexei
• Description:
  Reactive astrocytes are astrocytes undergoing morphological, molecular, and functional remodeling in response to injury, disease, or infection of the CNS. Although this remodeling was first described over a century ago, uncertainties and controversies remain regarding the contribution of reactive astrocytes to CNS diseases, repair, and aging. It is also unclear whether fixed categories of reactive astrocytes exist and, if so, how to identify them. We point out the shortcomings of binary divisions of reactive astrocytes into good-vs-bad, neurotoxic-vs-neuroprotective or A1-vs-A2. We advocate, instead, that research on reactive astrocytes include assessment of multiple molecular and functional parameters-preferably in vivo-plus multivariate statistics and determination of impact on pathological hallmarks in relevant models. These guidelines may spur the discovery of astrocyte-based biomarkers as well as astrocyte-targeting therapies that abrogate detrimental actions of reactive astrocytes, potentiate their neuro- and glioprotective actions, and restore or augment their homeostatic, modulatory, and defensive functions.
• Subjects:
  Aging Animals Article Astrocytes Brain Brain Diseases Brain Injuries Humans Spinal Cord Spinal Cord Injuries
• Source:
  Nat Neurosci. 24(3):312-325
• Pubmed ID:
  33589835
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC8007081
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  K08 AG064039/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG066171/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 MH104701/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; MR/P008658/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHS/United States ; RF1 AG061774/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 NS084030/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
• Volume:
  24
• Issue:
  3
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:fca0f837666d1885cc1ff8b74b7d4cebd2f6bcc3d78ca6fc4c67669314c3f129
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/104634/cdc_104634_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.17 MB ]