NIOSH Skin Notation (SK) Profile: Chlorodiphenyl (42% Chlorine)

Details

• Journal Article:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Personal Author:
  Hudson, Naomi L.
• Description:
  No in vivo toxicokinetic studies were identified for humans that estimated the degree of absorption for chlorodiphenyl (42% chlorine) following dermal exposure in humans. In vivo toxicokinetic studies in monkeys [Wester et al. 1990], supported by results of a mathematical model prediction, indicate that chlorodiphenyl (42% chlorine) is readily absorbed through the skin. An acute animal study [Fishbein 1974] indicates that following dermal exposure, chlorodiphenyl (42% chlorine) has the potential to be absorbed through the skin, become systemically available, and cause acute toxicity. No epidemiological or occupational exposure studies and no repeatdose, subchronic or chronic toxicity studies in animals were identified that specifically evaluated the potential for chlorodiphenyl (42% chlorine) alone to cause systemic effects following dermal exposure. Several studies in humans that involved both inhalation and dermal exposures to PCB mixtures or chlorodiphenyl (42% chlorine) with sequential or concurrent exposure to other chlorodiphenyls [Ouw et al. 1976; Fischbein et al. 1979; Maroni et al. 1981] indicate that PCBs can cause systemic toxicity including hepatotoxicity. Although no standard irritation tests were identified in animals, limited data from occupational exposure studies [Ouw 1976; Fischbein et al. 1979; Maroni et al. 1981; Smith et al. 1982] indicate that chlorodiphenyl (42% chlorine) has the potential to cause direct skin effects including irritation, chloracne, and pigmentation of nails and skin. Chlorodiphenyl (42% chlorine) alone induced ODC activity in mouse epidermis or, in combination with TPA, produced a synergistic effect on this activity [Dwivedi and Sitzman 1998]. No diagnostic (human patch) tests or predictive tests in animals were identified that evaluated the potential of the substance to cause skin sensitization. On the basis of the available data, chlorodiphenyl (42% chlorine) is assigned a composite SK: SYS-DIR(IRR) notation. Table 3 summarizes the skin hazard designations for chlorodiphenyl (42% chlorine) previously issued by NIOSH and other organizations. There were no equivalent dermal designations for chlorodiphenyl (42% chlorine) according to the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) for Classification and Labelling of Chemicals [ECHA 2020]. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Carcinogens Environmental Exposure Epidemiology Hazardous Substances Hypersensitivity Irritants Occupational Health Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety Skin Toxicology Urogenital System

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• Keywords:
  Skin notations; Chlorodiphenyl; Epidemiology; Toxicology; Exposure levels; Risk factors; Hazards; Health effects; Dermal exposures; Skin exposure; Toxins; Carcinogenicity; Chemicals; Chemical hazards; Reproductive effects; Developmental disorders; Irritants; Sensitization
• Source:
  Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2021-100, 2020 Oct; :1-11
• Series:
  NIOSH Numbered Publications
• DOI:
  https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHPUB2021100
• Publisher:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Report
• Place as Subject:
  Ohio ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  DSI - Division of Science Integration
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  26 pdf pages
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20061327
• NTIS Accession Number:
  PB2022-100331
• CAS Registry Number:
  Aroclor 1242 (CAS RN 53469-21-9)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2021
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:f165fe46e9e5ee89d1210c59358cee1352d6c367c63590dc84732d3be54e250430accf7627d92573ecc5d05195c1feaba29e92bb01bccb75414acd9630e7ffad
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/104546/cdc_104546_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 413.08 KB ]