U.S. flag An official website of the United States government.
Official websites use .gov

A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS

A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

CDC Stacks Public Health Publications

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducts research and makes recommendations for preventing work-related injuries, illnesses, and deaths. For more information, visit https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/index.html.

(1)
(382)
(1092)
(1276)
(1653)
(1921)
(2672)
(2171)
(2174)
(2197)
(2025)
(2293)
(2186)
(2183)
(1947)
(1955)
(1863)
(1814)
(1893)
(1853)
(2014)
(1833)
(1772)
(1792)
(1619)
(1441)
(1340)
(1049)
(1128)
(1103)
(946)
(1158)
(1313)
(1238)
(1327)
(1190)
(1403)
(1035)
(1171)
(1173)
(1215)
(1053)
(1186)
(1313)
(1467)
(1471)
(1458)
(1275)
(1229)
(1333)
(1433)
(1233)
(1062)
(1077)
(826)
(603)
(527)
(112)
(50)
(32)
(40)
(31)
(34)
(23)
(13)
(6)
(7)
(6)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(38)
0 of 90
(1)
(593)
(13)
(2)
(133)
(1)
(74)
(2)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(182)
(57)
(5)
(49)
(46)
(9)
(7)
(1092)
(18)
(413)
(5)
(80027)
(1)
(4)
0 of 25
(2)
(5)
(912)
(1)
(1)
(758)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(881)
(258)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(98)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(67)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(58)
(1)
(8)
(6)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6168)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(7)
(2)
(183)
(1)
(28)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3643)
(1)
(5)
(2)
(1)
(10)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(982)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(60)
(3)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(97)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(39)
(1)
(44)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2708)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(5)
(2)
(1978)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2780)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(39)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(163)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(387)
(1)
(2332)
(1071)
(4)
(1800)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(236)
(1)
(7)
(35)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1558)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(746)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(299)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5017)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(4174)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2667)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2137)
(1)
(252)
(1)
(1)
(1146)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(379)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(654)
(1)
(596)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(233)
(1213)
(2)
(588)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(4875)
(17)
(1)
(4)
(4)
(92)
(7)
(86)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(6)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2816)
(1)
(135)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(16077)
(1)
(519)
(2)
(1)
(1499)
(3)
(2)
(5541)
(5859)
(25848)
(10054)
(23482)
(4338)
(3579)
(1)
(5563)
(7452)
(7122)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(8937)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(13)
(246)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(8)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(7)
(101)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(167)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(5)
(140)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(493)
(189)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(632)
(1)
(2622)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(18)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1062)
(1)
(1)
(1398)
(1)
(2)
(213)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1861)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(5060)
(14)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(11538)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1406)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(81)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(304)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
0 of 781
(47)
(29)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(762)
(5)
(282)
(3520)
(810)
(2062)
(6)
(1)
(3842)
(587)
(1)
(16491)
(11)
(1)
(1)
(22)
(1)
(1)
(132)
(1)
(49)
(4430)
(22)
(12)
(4)
(3)
(12)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(3)
(24)
(15)
(16)
(50)
(556)
(4)
0 of 44
(1)
(1)
(1)
(49)
(49)
(125)
(24)
(89)
(1)
(145)
(73)
(11)
(1)
(663)
(1)
(34)
(1)
(81)
(42)
(1)
(28)
(2553)
(1)
(21)
(1173)
(15)
(122)
(14)
(31)
(1)
(633)
(10)
(3)
(20)
(2842)
(38)
(2)
(8)
(4)
(2578)
(2)
(76)
(5)
(4)
(151)
(2179)
(119)
(4)
(105)
(23)
(194)
(182)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(54)
(2)
(46)
0 of 58
(68)
(6)
(1235)
(10)
(6)
(5301)
(6107)
(4)
(8942)
(8)
(30)
(10)
(38)
(34)
(38)
(27)
(74)
(214)
(4)
(156)
(72)
(6)
(27)
(6)
(109)
(5)
(736)
(26)
(10)
(7)
(6)
(2122)
(52)
(1938)
(1975)
(11)
(4540)
(9)
(62)
(325)
(7)
(728)
(7)
(5218)
(1295)
(2555)
(7)
(52)
(10)
(21)
(245)
(169)
(36)
(10)
(34)
(274)
(23)
(398)
(34)
(24)
(164)
(66)
(51)
(6)
(14)
(4)
(55)
(156)
(11)
(39)
(170)
(3232)
(61)
(4)
(16)
(80)
(5)
(225)
(157)
(41)
(88)
(5)
(238)
(4)
(4)
(265)
(15)
(989)
(5)
(1259)
(1272)
(39)
(108)
(4)
(4)
(249)
(12)
(2009)
(53)
(25)
(7)
(6)
(4)
(4)
(227)
(201)
(1860)
(5)
(207)
(4)
(14)
(26)
(4)
(6)
(233)
(118)
(546)
(362)
(371)
(6)
(152)
(114)
(19)
(1255)
(1292)
(244)
(10)
(20)
(1732)
(208)
(137)
(93)
(69)
(355)
(11)
(5)
(20)
(23)
(63)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(61)
(4)
(215)
(64)
(190)
(39)
(190)
(4)
(35)
(71)
(4)
(32)
(11)
(124)
(9)
(236)
(4)
(5)
(2126)
(1567)
(4)
(1920)
(7)
(560)
(66)
(28)
(72)
(52)
(418)
(4)
(28)
(95)
(5)
(37)
(7)
(72)
(2806)
(497)
(23)
(12)
(29)
(114)
(253)
(7)
(6)
(10)
(64)
(27)
(339)
(21)
(281)
(152)
(255)
(4)
(320)
(5)
(109)
(62)
(3400)
(5)
(10)
(7)
(3048)
(48)
(25)
(4)
(39)
(799)
(86)
(4)
(4)
(53)
(210)
(12)
(164)
(1804)
(145)
(162)
(256)
(529)
(389)
(4416)
(534)
(4)
(4)
(45)
(208)
(26)
(77)
(9)
(107)
(51)
(70)
(32)
(150)
(4)
(22)
(13)
(4)
(31)
(4)
(4)
(472)
(25)
(4)
(52)
(7)
(65)
(8)
(195)
(521)
(172)
(173)
(5)
(8)
(4)
(10)
(313)
(18)
(6)
(578)
(1993)
(19)
(165)
(5)
(672)
(44)
(33)
(34)
(73)
(680)
(4)
(303)
(360)
(310)
(85)
(4)
(317)
(38)
(7)
(8)
(32)
(5)
(49)
(249)
(4)
(186)
(4)
(5)
(34)
(34)
(56)
(12)
(8)
(7)
(5)
(170)
(6895)
(25)
(639)
(8)
(19)
(7)
(25)
(328)
(2503)
(5)
(42)
(388)
(710)
(1076)
(8)
(26)
(58)
(176)
(4)
(86)
(46)
(16)
(851)
(5)
(2318)
(5)
(369)
(6)
(48)
(396)
(52)
(312)
(1070)
(23)
(1766)
(476)
(4847)
(5)
(1373)
(7)
(6999)
(16)
(1635)
(4)
(7)
(530)
(9)
(8)
(5464)
(5)
(30)
(117)
(9)
(6)
(13)
(26)
(2387)
(47)
(64)
(13)
(37)
(4)
(72)
(5)
(13)
(5)
(8)
(24)
(85)
(4)
(4)
(713)
(164)
(4)
(466)
(110)
(253)
(17)
(768)
(2415)
(8)
(690)
(21)
(23)
(13)
(6)
(367)
(38)
(67)
(349)
(276)
(4)
(15)
(1967)
(1358)
(119)
(34)
(22)
(54)
(6)
(42)
(20)
(25)
(8)
(4)
(4)
(401)
(103)
(49)
(449)
(581)
(10)
(625)
(349)
(4)
(166)
(11)
(6)
(300)
(36)
(662)
(122)
(21)
(14)
(9)
(5)
(4)
(4)
(1216)
(41)
(577)
(212)
(5)
(57)
(139)
(75)
(4)
(65)
(18)
(116)
(5)
(16)
(4)
(6793)
(55)
(54)
(10)
(330)
(2411)
(14)
(14)
(10)
(3428)
(16)
(14)
(1480)
(6)
(5)
(7)
(11)
(8)
(170)
(928)
(1170)
(1221)
(8)
(4)
(4)
(43)
(4)
(560)
(6)
(511)
(895)
(32)
(21)
(5)
(4)
(202)
(38)
(11)
(42)
(96)
(6)
(58)
(62)
(82)
(9)
(145)
(7)
(241)
(934)
(58)
(18)
(31)
(331)
(498)
(6)
(1189)
(12)
(21)
(10)
(6)
(15)
(44)
(5)
(1611)
(4)
(7)
(29)
(1472)
(4)
(4)
(17)
(18)
(6)
(21)
(7)
(14)
(56)
(20)
(4)
(34)
(19)
(7)
(8)
(120)
(38)
(530)
(8)
(8)
(59)
(1161)
(77)
(5)
(1525)
(5)
(4)
(75)
(77)
(7)
(1402)
(418)
(5)
(133)
(5458)
(49)
(5)
(679)
(1139)
(367)
(6)
(186)
(5)
(233)
(345)
(363)
(9)
(75)
(8)
(5)
(49)
(5372)
(3897)
(5)
(4)
(8)
(9)
(60)
(4)
(131)
(8)
(21)
(122)
(4)
(360)
(8)
(241)
(4668)
(18)
(6)
(102)
(11)
(160)
(18)
(31)
(28)
(41)
(2679)
(32)
(379)
(2848)
(208)
(4)
(2697)
(838)
(1054)
(8)
(31)
(62)
(10)
(287)
(23)
(12)
(20)
(6)
(39)
(6)
(4)
(25)
(12)
(1109)
(4)
(8)
(10)
(7)
(12)
(5)
(6)
(29)
(770)
(19)
(20)
(8)
(5)
(9528)
(4)
(110)
(11)
(4)
(900)
(8)
(3826)
(6)
(9)
(73)
(6)
(3195)
(4)
(3303)
(350)
(66)
(29)
(26)
(20)
(10)
(13)
(37)
(42)
(16)
(11)
(7)
(202)
(3226)
(16)
(3275)
(856)
(128)
(210)
(81)
(323)
(68)
(52)
(40)
(74)
(169)
(40)
(109)
(5)
(40)
(24)
(2213)
(1546)
(4)
(4)
(8)
(5)
(172)
(27)
(6)
(197)
(122)
(51)
(8)
(4)
(7)
(1247)
(7)
(4)
(27)
(9607)
(42)
(46)
(22)
(79196)
(20)
(1115)
(10)
(5)
(4)
(5)
(13)
(6)
(6)
(302)
(38)
(5)
(313)
(4)
(127)
(7)
(131)
(124)
(627)
(94)
(7)
(82)
(11)
(6)
(4944)
(380)
(4)
(7)
(29)
(41)
(6378)
(5)
(10)
(217)
(36)
(4)
(102)
(156)
(4)
(15)
(89)
(52)
(31)
(93)
(6)
(4)
(8)
(6)
(455)
(29)
(74)
(11)
(4)
(5)
(7)
(12)
(734)
(9)
(178)
(517)
(202)
(10)
(4)
(40)
(56)
(21)
(49)
(8)
(8)
(4)
(14)
(31)
(28)
(50)
(1372)
(579)
(11)
(11)
(4)
(707)
(229)
(56)
(15)
(4)
(9)
(4)
(35)
(12)
(1348)
(34)
(1629)
(15)
(6)
(14)
(4)
(5)
(35)
(18)
(33)
(4)
(356)
(412)
(15)
(1356)
(1319)
(132)
(272)
(165)
(163)
(13)
(11)
(446)
(11)
(150)
(43)
(77)
(16)
(7)
(6)
(107)
(20)
(21)
(5)
(21)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(46)
(5)
(6)
(4)
(792)
(384)
(2130)
(7833)
(7203)
(8)
(8)
(5)
(7908)
(6289)
(7)
(5)
(191)
(6)
(78888)
(4799)
(14)
(12)
(6)
(56)
(4)
(5)
(4)
(79)
(1494)
(151)
(839)
(56)
(1157)
(6)
(536)
(220)
(8)
(4)
(83)
(1681)
(114)
(61)
(2395)
(390)
(859)
(7)
(745)
(623)
(288)
(377)
(8)
(983)
(15)
(13)
(27)
(1071)
(2139)
(34)
(9)
(181)
(89)
(16)
(11)
(5388)
(15)
(5)
(4)
(4)
(29)
(11)
(4)
(1621)
(125)
(4)
(4)
(165)
(4)
(178)
(145)
(51)
(63)
(165)
(52)
(34)
(4)
(106)
(3230)
(5)
(7)
(31)
(7)
(14)
(823)
(205)
(37)
(406)
(10)
(8)
(15)
(18)
(23)
(100)
(4)
(757)
(262)
(10)
(1847)
(32)
(4)
(5)
(774)
(7)
(62)
(44)
(105)
(4)
(30)
(132)
(32)
(16)
(4)
(138)
(9)
(16)
(680)
(905)
(1337)
(22)
(12)
(4)
(4)
(24)
(50)
(8)
(902)
(3045)
(4)
(116)
(682)
(54)
(448)
(585)
(7)
(7)
(22)
(66)
(6)
(302)
(62)
(23)
(30)
(355)
(5)
(124)
(4)
(705)
(4)
(102)
(3091)
(313)
(8)
(17)
(17)
(4)
(4)
(259)
(9141)
(11)
(11)
(4)
(46)
(121)
(12)
(4)
(4)
(7)
(88)
(15)
0 of 1000
(76)
(64)
(38)
(49)
(38)
(51)
(50)
(113)
(79)
(93)
(61)
(38)
(44)
(36)
(51)
(107)
(246)
(56)
(60)
(81)
(277)
(86)
(106)
(43)
(57)
(134)
(48)
(126)
(37)
(45)
(73)
(42)
(43)
(72)
(38)
(98)
(39)
(226)
(42)
(38)
(69)
(71)
(64)
(116)
(54)
(77)
(62)
(37)
(151)
(143)
(52)
(51)
(43)
(63)
(68)
(36)
(49)
(67)
(50)
(52)
(45)
(58)
(174)
(63)
(38)
(59)
(38)
(88)
(41)
(39)
(68)
(59)
(50)
(45)
(54)
(55)
(36)
(103)
(123)
(43)
(59)
(69)
(53)
(80)
(69)
(53)
(42)
(79)
(58)
(147)
(43)
(45)
(99)
(37)
(46)
(47)
(88)
(92)
(37)
(45)
(85)
(78)
(37)
(55)
(38)
(66)
(44)
(55)
(82)
(45)
(59)
(76)
(159)
(62)
(41)
(129)
(83)
(40)
(89)
(60)
(109)
(70)
(47)
(74)
(60)
(177)
(36)
(44)
(38)
(40)
(94)
(44)
(60)
(72)
(68)
(926)
(84)
(48)
(37)
(45)
(184)
(45)
(36)
(60)
(36)
(60)
(129)
(101)
(71)
(64)
(39)
(147)
(39)
(88)
(37)
(75)
(41)
(43)
(108)
(39)
(45)
(249)
(59)
(77)
(124)
(36)
(41)
(93)
(44)
(41)
(41)
(56)
(125)
(67)
(45)
(131)
(59)
(55)
(49)
(57)
(64)
(38)
(48)
(37)
(47)
(56)
(143)
(46)
(72)
(38)
(38)
(55)
(72)
(138)
(37)
(103)
(82)
(49)
(116)
(43)
(87)
(84)
(38)
(36)
(51)
(82)
(42)
(42)
(51)
(41)
(47)
(44)
(58)
(41)
(79)
(47)
(52)
(53)
(66)
(170)
(48)
(39)
(157)
(83)
(49)
(37)
(45)
(60)
(99)
(53)
(126)
(41)
(68)
(71)
(222)
(98)
(51)
(122)
(41)
(39)
(51)
(42)
(39)
(37)
(39)
(71)
(85)
(139)
(44)
(56)
(52)
(171)
(38)
(42)
(42)
(167)
(40)
(48)
(36)
(76)
(109)
(72)
(39)
(86)
(58)
(41)
(39)
(55)
(69)
(55)
(56)
(213)
(155)
(39)
(59)
(75)
(83)
(41)
(52)
(88)
(83)
(38)
(43)
(87)
(85)
(56)
(54)
(65)
(47)
(56)
(62)
(81)
(208)
(49)
(73)
(61)
(47)
(183)
(38)
(45)
(45)
(105)
(43)
(81)
(93)
(44)
(85)
(40)
(46)
(62)
(53)
(48)
(43)
(97)
(39)
(58)
(56)
(49)
(69)
(147)
(44)
(42)
(46)
(54)
(44)
(125)
(39)
(60)
(74)
(199)
(85)
(250)
(77)
(87)
(37)
(256)
(97)
(78)
(66)
(175)
(92)
(37)
(78)
(55)
(83)
(44)
(62)
(60)
(112)
(37)
(36)
(134)
(61)
(45)
(77)
(252)
(66)
(40)
(89)
(36)
(117)
(56)
(108)
(78)
(153)
(68)
(38)
(194)
(43)
(86)
(59)
(46)
(62)
(54)
(38)
(76)
(49)
(61)
(44)
(88)
(49)
(51)
(48)
(43)
(97)
(49)
(41)
(93)
(121)
(109)
(46)
(164)
(47)
(71)
(63)
(92)
(48)
(83)
(108)
(44)
(43)
(102)
(45)
(43)
(56)
(37)
(58)
(94)
(44)
(75)
(78)
(36)
(95)
(51)
(38)
(82)
(209)
(65)
(59)
(70)
(37)
(108)
(240)
(51)
(44)
(104)
(67)
(55)
(48)
(46)
(45)
(53)
(47)
(39)
(82)
(49)
(47)
(49)
(54)
(38)
(59)
(63)
(71)
(41)
(70)
(92)
(154)
(45)
(56)
(70)
(67)
(53)
(78)
(54)
(59)
(47)
(102)
(37)
(63)
(250)
(80)
(39)
(40)
(49)
(40)
(42)
(98)
(40)
(106)
(45)
(91)
(36)
(131)
(39)
(91)
(55)
(36)
(65)
(51)
(44)
(69)
(37)
(77)
(44)
(91)
(155)
(40)
(75)
(42)
(55)
(54)
(39)
(61)
(43)
(62)
(59)
(60)
(84)
(176)
(45)
(120)
(45)
(235)
(61)
(67)
(94)
(38)
(79)
(71)
(87)
(63)
(66)
(96)
(71)
(68)
(56)
(44)
(122)
(101)
(44)
(55)
(63)
(49)
(75)
(47)
(36)
(44)
(106)
(56)
(57)
(46)
(160)
(45)
(76)
(44)
(36)
(39)
(59)
(46)
(68)
(37)
(52)
(55)
(41)
(37)
(40)
(58)
(64)
(42)
(39)
(116)
(47)
(127)
(48)
(54)
(88)
(79)
(42)
(76)
(103)
(55)
(54)
(37)
(72)
(84)
(45)
(70)
(63)
(46)
(58)
(40)
(107)
(53)
(101)
(78)
(55)
(177)
(40)
(38)
(113)
(108)
(70)
(61)
(36)
(40)
(49)
(155)
(96)
(95)
(37)
(89)
(47)
(36)
(60)
(98)
(38)
(65)
(67)
(84)
(51)
(48)
(201)
(48)
(44)
(64)
(81)
(50)
(37)
(43)
(37)
(52)
(186)
(36)
(44)
(41)
(104)
(41)
(41)
(85)
(58)
(40)
(44)
(41)
(59)
(171)
(42)
(37)
(68)
(86)
(36)
(43)
(36)
(46)
(52)
(40)
(54)
(43)
(50)
(38)
(39)
(91)
(37)
(43)
(49)
(122)
(47)
(39)
(36)
(47)
(56)
(152)
(44)
(73)
(262)
(36)
(47)
(49)
(57)
(56)
(217)
(144)
(45)
(130)
(154)
(42)
(39)
(98)
(67)
(48)
(64)
(37)
(38)
(69)
(134)
(63)
(37)
(58)
(65)
(51)
(45)
(153)
(36)
(49)
(68)
(122)
(45)
(79)
(148)
(41)
(52)
(51)
(49)
(39)
(105)
(37)
(37)
(39)
(93)
(46)
(162)
(39)
(44)
(36)
(166)
(60)
(152)
(58)
(119)
(38)
(40)
(101)
(58)
(48)
(49)
(41)
(111)
(61)
(72)
(41)
(44)
(43)
(42)
(41)
(151)
(58)
(42)
(42)
(64)
(84)
(53)
(104)
(53)
(43)
(78)
(103)
(43)
(109)
(59)
(36)
(132)
(67)
(54)
(53)
(96)
(46)
(119)
(73)
(68)
(47)
(222)
(39)
(57)
(40)
(59)
(172)
(52)
(67)
(92)
(57)
(271)
(43)
(43)
(99)
(37)
(39)
(90)
(82)
(85)
(43)
(85)
(39)
(168)
(68)
(95)
(51)
(67)
(65)
(49)
(71)
(125)
(124)
(37)
(71)
(52)
(39)
(40)
(63)
(68)
(45)
(89)
(155)
(48)
(283)
(70)
(40)
(53)
(53)
(50)
(189)
(57)
(53)
(114)
(40)
(42)
(37)
(46)
(43)
(67)
(44)
(95)
(227)
(42)
(79)
(39)
(227)
(70)
(161)
(40)
(82)
(49)
(87)
(55)
(95)
(62)
(89)
(113)
(50)
(77)
(39)
(43)
(65)
(44)
(45)
(122)
(51)
(108)
(54)
(55)
(46)
(40)
(40)
(55)
(51)
(79)
(90)
(58)
(52)
(52)
(37)
(50)
(95)
(95)
(58)
(220)
(226)
(52)
(170)
(37)
(62)
(70)
(43)
(37)
(92)
(156)
(55)
(46)
(49)
(55)
(51)
(88)
(62)
(42)
(60)
(57)
(97)
(51)
(43)
(55)
(59)
(85)
(77)
(40)
(40)
(74)
(104)
(216)
(99)
(55)
(61)
(101)
(63)
(55)
(53)
(69)
(96)
(107)
(38)
(121)
(61)
(85)
(69)
(39)
(56)
(61)
(289)
(42)
(59)
(72)
(194)
(113)
(86)
(99)
(111)
(37)
(59)
(70)
(81)
(46)
(55)
(88)
(189)
(41)
(41)
(118)
(59)
(51)
(63)
(50)
(71)
(43)
(48)
(135)
(84)
(50)
(48)
(85)
(38)
(103)
(68)
(64)
(51)
(133)
(37)
(128)
(59)
(40)
(108)
(75)
(48)
(52)
(45)
(66)
(47)
(106)
(63)
(46)
(59)
(45)
(45)
(178)
(84)
(82)
(39)
(58)
(47)
(40)
(76)
(54)
(61)
(76)
(45)
(42)
(48)
(71)
(99)
(87)
(97)
(119)
(64)
(54)
(49)
(39)
(64)
(43)
(98)
(99)
(51)
(40)
(53)
(45)
(46)
(59)
(50)
(137)
(80)
(38)
(50)
(82)
(71)
(54)
0 of 1000
(1)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(11)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(64)
(1)
(65)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(14)
(1)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(69)
(85)
(1)
(125)
(117)
(1)
(270)
(1)
(1)
(55)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(21)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(87)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(49)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(3)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(57)
(48)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(15)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(607)
(1)
(2)
(12)
(79)
(54)
(1)
(8)
(2)
(8)
(35)
(9)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(5)
(105)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(31)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(31)
(2)
(2)
(7)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(19)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(20)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(14)
(14)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(218)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(3)
(23)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(134)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(230)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(11)
(1)
(2)
(13)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(31)
(2)
(21)
(21)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(246)
(52)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(217)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(5)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(228)
(49)
(53)
(1)
(210)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(187)
(2)
(184)
(47)
(47)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(35)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(15)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(6)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(53)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(14)
(8)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(8966)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(48)
(8)
(8)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(37)
(3)
(1)
(234)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(22)
(25)
(2)
(3)
(10)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(11)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(318)
(2)
(740)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(23)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(110)
(1)
(18)
(302)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(84)
(1)
(4)
(124)
(13)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(17)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(33)
(59)
(18)
(77)
(29)
(1)
(9)
(1)
(1)
(24)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(16)
(24)
(1)
(1)
(186)
(211)
(30)
(30)
(32)
(65)
(1)
(62)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(10)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(10)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(27)
(3)
(3)
(11)
(52)
(52)
(52)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(150)
(41)
(38)
(8)
(8)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(25)
(1)
(1)
(25)
(1)
(3)
(13)
(15)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(48)
(1)
(2)
(5)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1386)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(5)
(2)
(1)
(18)
(1)
(9)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(42)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(12)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(20)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(10)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(38)
(94)
(283)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(84)
(7)
(1)
(19)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(14)
(7)
(1)
(2)
(715)
(127)
(49)
(47)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(34)
(34)
(2)
(1)
(34)
(1)
(1)
(12)
(106)
(1)
(106)
(1)
(2)
(14)
(2)
(2)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(45)
(45)
(1)
(1)
0 of 817
(1)
(205)
(20)
(1)
(114)
(129)
(677)
(92)
(186)
(66)
(1)
(183)
(1)
(8)
(168)
(2472)
(1015)
(12)
(1)
(62)
(76)
(3)
(5)
(256)
(750)
(1)
(1)
(123)
(1)
(1519)
(659)
(2359)
(259)
(1)
(8007)
(432)
(1)
(3118)
(6)
(206)
(353)
(33)
(1637)
(237)
(153)
(3)
(21)
(81)
(5257)
(1)
(5)
(51)
(116)
(4)
(26)
(95)
(1044)
(5)
(27)
(13)
(1)
(727)
(5)
(792)
(3)
(29)
(1669)
(2)
(11)
(63)
(2052)
(7)
(5)
(674)
(10)
(1)
(1)
(202)
(46)
(13)
(139)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1153)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(3658)
(1405)
(64)
(428)
(720)
(268)
(15)
(413)
(7)
(293)
(591)
(409)
(2)
(1115)
(12)
(381)
(8)
(49)
(1239)
(180)
(37)
(86)
0 of 112
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(590)
(2)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(6)
(1)
(4)
(8)
(4)
(35)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(109)
(4)
(910)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(19)
(4)
(6)
(3)
(422)
(7)
(7)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(77)
(2)
(2)
(68)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(185)
(4)
(2)
(19)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(36)
(2)
(28)
(2)
(4)
(229)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(29)
(2)
(20)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(39)
(1)
(28)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(57)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(832)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(4)
(7)
(7)
(1)
(2)
(13)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(9)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(8)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(6)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(13)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(6)
(9)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(12)
(2)
(7)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(174)
(32)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(13)
(1)
(3)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(4)
(22)
(3)
(6)
(2)
(1)
(7)
(9)
(41)
(9)
(6)
(12)
(6)
(19)
(2)
(4)
(5)
(8)
(1)
(4)
(33)
(5)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(25)
(12)
(3)
(8)
(3)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(15)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(10)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(1)
(6)
(7)
(18)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(6)
(8)
(5)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(19)
(3)
(3)
(7)
(6)
(3)
(4)
(7)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(15)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(4)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(32)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(27)
(20)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(4)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(64)
(1)
(44)
(34)
(7)
(14)
(1)
(3)
(11)
(30)
(8)
(7)
(3)
(5)
(1)
(39)
(1)
(33)
(1)
(110)
(4)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(12)
(3)
(32)
(1)
(1)
(10)
(1)
(9)
(1)
(16)
(41)
(1)
(14)
(1)
(2)
(39)
(1)
(5)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(8)
(22)
(84)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(17)
(26)
(3)
(7)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(6)
(5)
(4)
(1)
(16)
(10)
(15)
(5)
(4)
(12)
(3)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(5)
(5)
(11)
(6)
(49)
(10)
(21)
(5)
(1)
(55)
(8)
(3)
(6)
(9)
(33)
(2)
(19)
(8)
(2)
(1)
(24)
(26)
(36)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(11)
(12)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(8)
(4)
(13)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(6)
(2)
(8)
(3)
(29)
(15)
(6)
(2)
(4)
(5)
(3)
(10)
(6)
(12)
(10)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(9)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(4)
(11)
(3)
(10)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(2)
(6)
(3)
(4)
(8)
(5)
(13)
(2)
(2)
(6)
(8)
(6)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(7)
(8)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(64)
(11)
(4)
(2)
(14)
(22)
(2)
(10)
(4)
(4)
(24)
(7)
(70)
(2)
(16)
(11)
(17)
(47)
(36)
(9)
(5)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(8)
(19)
(14)
(2)
(9)
(3)
(7)
(2)
(4)
(10)
(4)
(8)
(7)
(7)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(6)
(40)
(4)
(3)
(6)
(4)
(13)
(11)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(17)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(44)
(11)
(5)
(16)
(37)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(7)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(8)
(16)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(6)
(3)
(14)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(5)
(60)
(2)
(10)
(5)
(4)
(3)
(6)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(9)
(4)
(9)
(7)
(2)
(10)
(3)
(6)
(2)
(6)
(16)
(2)
(3)
(16)
(2)
(10)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(14)
(23)
(55)
(6)
(2)
(5)
(152)
(3)
(3)
(11)
(24)
(9)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(61)
(46)
(6)
(9)
(7)
(2)
(9)
(5)
(9)
(2)
(4)
(7)
(4)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(8)
(3)
(15)
(7)
(3)
(48)
(23)
(29)
(5)
(8)
(54)
(2)
(3)
(17)
(3)
(9)
(27)
(6)
(12)
(9)
(2)
(3)
(9)
(7)
(2)
(29)
(9)
(40)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(21)
(1)
(8)
(2)
(11)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(14)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(20)
(7)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(11)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(7)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(10)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(12)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(19)
(3)
(4)
(6)
(14)
(5)
(10)
(3)
(5)
(4)
(30)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(2)
(6)
(6)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(2)
(4)
(3)
(4)
(29)
(2)
(5)
(23)
(16)
(4)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(8)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(4)
(18)
(3)
0 of 1000
(2670)
(2)
(24)
(30)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(2494)
(1)
(118)
(16)
(4)
(28)
(5)
(56)
(142)
(372)
(76)
(258)
(89)
(95)
(556)
(205)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(1)
(7)
(513)
(1257)
(10)
(2)
(1)
(8)
(4)
(2973)
(2049)
(7)
(1)
(13)
(7)
(8)
(176)
(204)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(179)
(1)
(556)
(1)
(2)
(43)
(900)
(18)
(2)
(765)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(69)
(43)
(138)
(14)
(591)
(532)
(26)
(142)
(81)
(39)
(48)
(61)
(15)
(44)
(25)
(7)
(1695)
(135)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(368)
(1)
(496)
(8)
(5)
(18)
(1)
(33)
(3)
(1)
(147)
(5)
(68)
(5)
(193)
(19)
0 of 97
(4)
(17)
(111)
(15)
(21)
(269)
(23)
(13)
(3)
(397)
(429)
(11)
(79)
(36)
(9)
(41)
(3)
(8)
(4)
(16)
(17)
(5)
(1)
(3)
(5)
(6)
(73)
(2)
(20)
(44)
(35)
(92)
(22)
(22)
(47)
(18)
(113)
(3)
(18)
(9)
(13)
(4)
(11)
(1)
(10)
(38)
(3)
(9)
(17)
(10)
(24)
(12)
(9)
(24)
(2)
(10)
0 of 56
(456)
(3)
(14)
(173)
(887)
(392)
(40)
(2812)
(618)
(2)
(239)
(44)
(100)
(121)
(55)
(281)
(7)
(103)
(207)
(19)
(110)
(1)
(96)
(100)
(824)
(160)
(215)
(218)
(229)
(3)
(258)
(41)
(15)
(30)
(4)
(75)
(511)
(44)
(27)
(74)
(113)
(35)
0 of 42
(1)
(635)
(5711)
(1)
(3)
(6)
(6)
(297)
(22)
(2)
(2)
(208)
(38)
(1754)
(26)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1802)
(79)
(2)
(31)
(133)
(1)
(5)
(3)
(37)
(1)
(902)
(8)
(6370)
(1)
(406)
(1)
(15)
(4)
(10)
(397)
(1)
(2)
(1114)
(8)
(716)
(1)
(8366)
(3355)
(294)
(1760)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1017)
(68)
(1)
(20)
(1)
(198)
(1)
(283)
(2)
(24)
(2)
(5)
(1)
(282)
(227)
(5)
(33629)
(20)
(300)
(28)
(2)
(5)
(4)
(3)
(4)
(18)
(4)
(6)
(1054)
(6)
(1)
(912)
(1)
(120)
(817)
(1)
(321)
(4)
(1)
(3)
(145)
(4)
(12)
(1)
(3)
(61)
(5)
(6207)
(42)
(3)
(5850)
(116)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(241)
(1)
(58)
(1)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(17)
(14)
(421)
(281)
(1)
(330)
(293)
(31)
(17)
(174)
(2)
(74)
(1)
0 of 126
(3057)
(912)
(3718)
(344)
(450)
(353)
(832)
(3800)
(137)
(528)
(659)
(228)
(308)
(1503)
(1268)
(1018)
(541)
(635)
(269)
(449)
(1269)
(610)
(313)
(1660)
(504)
(246)
(370)
(729)
(2355)
(138)
(1042)
(144)
(411)
(370)
(376)
(306)
(605)
(532)
(233)
(1336)
(232)
(209)
(639)
(170)
(1004)
(146)
(296)
(187)
(139)
(196)
(160)
(429)
(227)
(252)
(161)
(356)
(321)
(349)
(205)
(368)
(472)
(1187)
(410)
(1077)
(176)
(221)
(247)
(254)
(1386)
(145)
(1895)
(647)
(201)
(150)
(231)
(151)
(242)
(296)
(148)
(382)
(236)
(157)
(156)
(146)
(176)
(520)
(188)
(500)
(166)
(1356)
(211)
(183)
(154)
(309)
(146)
(165)
(151)
(209)
(1008)
(341)
(149)
(502)
(187)
(248)
(144)
(1205)
(158)
(147)
(1270)
(277)
(138)
(159)
(157)
(241)
(140)
(140)
(237)
(196)
(298)
(255)
(612)
(184)
(166)
(1398)
(512)
(217)
(178)
(140)
(171)
(462)
(347)
(1037)
(186)
(456)
(263)
(294)
(422)
(592)
(403)
(177)
(356)
(158)
(484)
(257)
(413)
(534)
(199)
(141)
(143)
(376)
(673)
(198)
(539)
(319)
(385)
(196)
(212)
(694)
(383)
(231)
(259)
(302)
(1266)
(266)
(184)
(248)
(171)
(142)
(164)
(139)
(170)
(177)
(353)
(514)
(1341)
(183)
(150)
(248)
(151)
(461)
(405)
(288)
(740)
(154)
(162)
(207)
(147)
(352)
(234)
(331)
(236)
(241)
(1457)
(556)
(1443)
(294)
(301)
(1644)
(251)
(709)
(141)
(865)
(381)
(1283)
(151)
(156)
(188)
(509)
(430)
(198)
(206)
(339)
(255)
(143)
(248)
(262)
(181)
(145)
(166)
(169)
(1292)
(606)
(183)
(364)
(152)
(159)
(263)
(320)
(245)
(146)
(163)
(403)
(156)
(262)
(758)
(180)
(225)
(151)
(151)
(630)
(297)
(252)
(626)
(413)
(257)
(600)
(231)
(1088)
(461)
(563)
(228)
(162)
(530)
(1122)
(1947)
(172)
(446)
(228)
(212)
(242)
(238)
(266)
(921)
(231)
(207)
(489)
(181)
(192)
(165)
(150)
(788)
(291)
(183)
(148)
(390)
(292)
(283)
(962)
(316)
(395)
(167)
(831)
(539)
(417)
(269)
(252)
(255)
(773)
(205)
(144)
(188)
(170)
(176)
(200)
(4735)
(225)
(885)
(908)
(643)
(537)
(200)
(382)
(310)
(303)
(319)
(2113)
(203)
(292)
(169)
(238)
(220)
(2582)
(3843)
(1020)
(820)
(1346)
(176)
(2013)
(154)
(200)
(206)
(149)
(235)
(255)
(557)
(668)
(1775)
(667)
(1277)
(534)
(325)
(208)
(676)
(496)
(239)
(897)
(373)
(221)
(222)
(204)
(656)
(195)
(251)
(192)
(254)
(145)
(142)
(173)
(169)
(358)
(239)
(192)
(158)
(201)
(407)
(397)
(169)
(529)
(310)
(202)
(738)
(333)
(159)
(383)
(233)
(426)
(165)
(356)
(265)
(401)
(306)
(253)
(190)
(190)
(312)
(229)
(1053)
(774)
(184)
(158)
(194)
(376)
(217)
(1793)
(488)
(491)
(602)
(437)
(1079)
(1296)
(342)
(385)
(255)
(176)
(790)
(502)
(219)
(381)
(668)
(140)
(288)
(973)
(218)
(220)
(567)
(199)
(286)
(293)
(214)
(157)
(172)
(510)
(300)
(206)
(175)
(315)
(154)
(198)
(175)
(278)
(244)
(475)
(160)
(200)
(199)
(164)
(245)
(4691)
(214)
(153)
(154)
(226)
(194)
(227)
(428)
(204)
(577)
(143)
(249)
(442)
(215)
(358)
(473)
(506)
(159)
(188)
(202)
(262)
(171)
(252)
(949)
(215)
(181)
(195)
(307)
(180)
(395)
(444)
(149)
(214)
(312)
(548)
(406)
(348)
(655)
(150)
(7028)
(4684)
(2129)
(297)
(564)
(428)
(169)
(184)
(248)
(282)
(307)
(596)
(169)
(138)
(223)
(2391)
(323)
(1058)
(160)
(815)
(418)
(320)
(156)
(314)
(228)
(246)
(140)
(207)
(158)
(213)
(139)
(167)
(162)
(278)
(254)
(297)
(156)
(753)
(516)
(436)
(780)
(1115)
(255)
(672)
(658)
(161)
(231)
(158)
(445)
(242)
(283)
(213)
(386)
(351)
(267)
(290)
(273)
(144)
(162)
(284)
(148)
(256)
(1139)
(257)
(391)
(180)
(147)
(243)
(310)
(161)
(465)
(533)
(201)
(524)
(170)
(262)
(254)
(148)
(212)
(197)
(257)
(2618)
(228)
(183)
(888)
(147)
(373)
(283)
(270)
(236)
(181)
(165)
(622)
(149)
(140)
(154)
(175)
(174)
(607)
(239)
(165)
(140)
(159)
(543)
(308)
(169)
(166)
(930)
(176)
(176)
(774)
(633)
(2597)
(225)
(996)
(160)
(2420)
(190)
(232)
(166)
(535)
(538)
(419)
(443)
(362)
(153)
(1054)
(1105)
(284)
(338)
(538)
(183)
(486)
(797)
(970)
(281)
(146)
(159)
(245)
(468)
(925)
(1526)
(755)
(272)
(456)
(139)
(317)
(346)
(1279)
(192)
(211)
(192)
(163)
(306)
(291)
(175)
(5909)
(792)
(163)
(1476)
(2180)
(1706)
(706)
(1626)
(154)
(690)
(198)
(237)
(689)
(509)
(347)
(184)
(356)
(205)
(793)
(558)
(155)
(360)
(681)
(665)
(3594)
(1953)
(1797)
(606)
(287)
(234)
(779)
(173)
(202)
(152)
(1287)
(192)
(395)
(463)
(325)
(259)
(139)
(138)
(334)
(206)
(511)
(297)
(172)
(337)
(151)
(647)
(197)
(147)
(434)
(603)
(783)
(1072)
(1670)
(369)
(441)
(468)
(567)
(342)
(153)
(147)
(212)
(180)
(168)
(176)
(165)
(382)
(139)
(330)
(789)
(244)
(139)
(2239)
(206)
(160)
(205)
(332)
(141)
(251)
(165)
(182)
(794)
(1880)
(256)
(936)
(770)
(395)
(258)
(203)
(146)
(141)
(160)
(198)
(403)
(161)
(178)
(451)
(265)
(179)
(285)
(640)
(359)
(217)
(286)
(498)
(205)
(145)
(297)
(595)
(192)
(153)
(288)
(158)
(197)
(235)
(333)
(212)
(151)
(149)
(268)
(888)
(158)
(787)
(489)
(214)
(251)
(205)
(157)
(320)
(888)
(1259)
(198)
(262)
(478)
(689)
(339)
(343)
(222)
(197)
(401)
(372)
(172)
(179)
(193)
(403)
(349)
(283)
(437)
(869)
(597)
(804)
(336)
(817)
(2764)
(189)
(141)
(149)
(456)
(284)
(152)
(886)
(238)
(1381)
(755)
(509)
(207)
(331)
(265)
(242)
(217)
(420)
(433)
(181)
(273)
(258)
(139)
(272)
(178)
(187)
(863)
(425)
(449)
(933)
(240)
(153)
(346)
(202)
(1075)
(500)
(748)
(2981)
(393)
(151)
(214)
(190)
(195)
(756)
(2266)
(3406)
(256)
(489)
(2347)
(255)
(171)
(155)
(243)
(372)
(233)
(177)
(1044)
(182)
(210)
(193)
(2887)
(310)
(2133)
(3333)
(1487)
(158)
(2409)
(1328)
(1085)
(215)
(1100)
(358)
(803)
(1379)
(448)
(349)
(325)
(1464)
(310)
(745)
(191)
(146)
(142)
(309)
(414)
(615)
(199)
(232)
(163)
(232)
(211)
(860)
(220)
(352)
(449)
(325)
(257)
(303)
(254)
(339)
(710)
(412)
(145)
(216)
(263)
(225)
(193)
(240)
(177)
(299)
(580)
(201)
(629)
(484)
(246)
(589)
(209)
(325)
(696)
(3487)
(1124)
(299)
(936)
(198)
(193)
(139)
(1796)
(156)
(1273)
(490)
(257)
(305)
(237)
(157)
(258)
(262)
(144)
(139)
(285)
(475)
(885)
(414)
(353)
(206)
(152)
(287)
(139)
(1270)
(633)
(626)
(3802)
(281)
(210)
(3634)
(925)
(329)
(458)
(593)
(244)
(433)
(160)
(452)
(1681)
(735)
(615)
(311)
(468)
(144)
(411)
(151)
(1270)
(240)
(199)
(904)
(208)
(375)
(245)
(318)
(163)
(146)
(178)
(184)
(266)
(234)
(223)
(159)
(139)
(179)
(224)
(184)
(314)
(336)
(162)
(2989)
(1919)
(1555)
(144)
(3033)
(255)
(1869)
(238)
(1774)
(3135)
(2059)
(2126)
(180)
(916)
(4160)
(946)
(371)
(197)
(472)
(173)
(506)
(1577)
(248)
(169)
(432)
(308)
(625)
(588)
(336)
0 of 1000
(1)
(1)
0 of 2
Showing 241 - 260 of 82795 results
  • Videoscope Applications to Interpret Lithology in Underground Coal Mines
    Videoscope Applications to Interpret Lithology in Underground Coal Mines
    Van Dyke M ;
    Wickline J
    2025/02/22 | Mining Publications
    The understanding of coal mine roof lithology is a critical component in the determination of engineering solutions for roof control. Coreholes were the first technology available to determine lithology of the roof in reserve areas, but coreholes are typically drilled 500-2,500 ft apart due to their cost and sometimes reach more than $125,000 dolla ...
    Public Domain
  • Evaluation of Alternative Chain Pillar Designs in a Deep Longwall Mine
    Evaluation of Alternative Chain Pillar Designs in a Deep Longwall Mine
    Khademian Z ;
    Van Dyke M
    2025/02/22 | Mining Publications
    Borehole scoping has been widely used in the U.S. underground coal mines as a method for geologic mapping and stability analysis because it is very useful for identifying rock types, voids, fractures, and formation boundaries through the direct observation of the borehole wall. An image stitching technique was proposed to generate panoramic borehol ...
    Public Domain
  • Evaluating Roof Stability in an Underground Stone Mine Under High Horizontal Stress Insight from Numerical Modeling and Field Observation with Mitigation Strategy
    Evaluating Roof Stability in an Underground Stone Mine Under High Horizontal Stress: Insight from Numerical Modeling and Field Observation with Mitigation Strategy
    Evanek N ;
    Miller T
    2025/02/22 | Mining Publications
    High horizontal stress has been identified as a critical factor affecting roof stability in underground mines, particularly when the immediate roof consists of weak or laminated rock. Numerical models were employed to better understand the influence of caprock thickness, cutting sequences, and the orientation of driving direction relative to maximu ...
    Public Domain
  • A Comparison of Ground Permeability Changes Before During and After Longwall Panel MineBys Under Deep and Shallow Cover
    A Comparison of Ground Permeability Changes Before, During, and After Longwall Panel Mine-Bys Under Deep and Shallow Cover
    Addis J ;
    Harris, Marcia L.
    2025/02/22 | Mining Publications
    Shale gas wells can sometimes drill through coal reserves. Hypothetically, the caving of the gob from longwall coal mines may deform the shale gas well casing and potentially result in a breach. NIOSH researchers studied the permeability of the surrounding ground strata that may affect the potential for an inflow of gas into an underground mine env ...
    Public Domain
  • Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD Study of the Impact of Powered AirPurifying Respirators PAPR in Underground Mining Operations
    Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Study of the Impact of Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPR) in Underground Mining Operations
    Arnold B ;
    Gonzalez LS
    2025/02/22 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Mining operations adopt a variety of measures to combat dust underground. These include ventilation systems, water sprays, physical barriers, and personal protective equipment (PPE). Respirators are a class of PPE that can provide clean particulate-free air to the users. Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPRs), used commonly in medical and other ...
  • Optimization of Fire Suppression Nozzle Location on Simulated Mobile Mine Equipment
    Optimization of Fire Suppression Nozzle Location on Simulated Mobile Mine Equipment
    Bahrami D ;
    Tang W
    2025/02/22 | Mining Publications
    The location and orientation of fire suppression nozzles is critical in suppressing mobile mine equipment fires. To effectively suppress such fires, optimization needs to be considered for the suppression nozzle locations and discharge angle. Detailed experiments were conducted to study the effectiveness of fire suppression agents with different no ...
    Public Domain
  • ThreeDimensional Ventilation Modeling of a LargeOpening Stone Mine Using COMSOL Multiphysics
    Three-Dimensional Ventilation Modeling of a Large-Opening Stone Mine Using COMSOL Multiphysics
    Gangrade V ;
    Raj KV
    2025/02/22 | Mining Publications
    Airflow in large-opening stone mines is largely dependent on the natural ventilation due to the large cross- section area of the opening. The openings of such stone mines are typically twice or thrice the size of typical underground coal or metal/nonmetal mines. Due to the influence of natural ventilation, air velocities as well as the static press ...
    Public Domain
  • Exploring the Performance and Reliability of Communication Links Subjected to Electromagnetic Interference in Radio FrequencyControlled Heavy Equipment in an Underground Coal Mine
    Exploring the Performance and Reliability of Communication Links Subjected to Electromagnetic Interference in Radio Frequency-Controlled Heavy Equipment in an Underground Coal Mine
    Girman M ;
    Zhang Y
    2025/02/22 | Mining Publications
    Wireless technologies are increasingly being implemented in underground mines for various purposes such as communications, tracking, remote control, remote sensing, and environmental monitoring. However, the adoption comes with risks as common wireless systems, such as WiFi, Bluetooth, IWT (Innovative Wireless Technologies) wireless system, often o ...
    Public Domain
  • Study of Breached Gas Mitigation in an Underground Coal Mine Using Network Modeling and Physical Model
    Study of Breached Gas Mitigation in an Underground Coal Mine Using Network Modeling and Physical Model
    Addis J ;
    Kimutis R
    2025/02/22 | Mining Publications
    Due to the surge in shale gas production, a substantial number of unconventional shale gas wells have been drilled across U.S. coal reserves. Gas breaches resulting from damaged wells pose a considerable safety risk to miners. This paper investigates how a ventilation system can effectively manage breached gas through a network-based numerical mode ...
    Public Domain
  • PreImplementation Evaluation of VR as a Mine Safety Training Tool
    Pre-Implementation Evaluation of VR as a Mine Safety Training Tool
    Bellanca, Jennica L. ;
    Hoebbel, Cassandra L.
    2025/02/22 | Mining Publications
    High-fidelity, immersive training is known for its learning and logistical benefits. While other industries have used virtual reality (VR) for decades, the same uptake has not been seen in mining. NIOSH recently developed an adaptable, scalable VR training platform, VR Mine Rescue Training (VR-MRT), which has attracted significant industry interest ...
    Public Domain
  • Enhancing Pillar Stability in a DeepCover Longwall Mine Using the LaModel Program A Comparative Analysis
    Enhancing Pillar Stability in a Deep-Cover Longwall Mine Using the LaModel Program: A Comparative Analysis
    Sears MM
    2025/02/22 | Mining Publications
    The stability of gateroad pillars is crucial in deep-cover longwall mining, especially during transitions to wider panel layouts. This study evaluates the transition from a 700-foot to a 1,000-foot panel layout with an inter-panel barrier in a deep-cover longwall mine in Southwestern Virginia to identify a configuration that enhances stability and ...
    Public Domain
  • Improving Gas Management and Ventilation Performance at Longwall Mines with Potentially High Gas Emission Rates
    Improving Gas Management and Ventilation Performance at Longwall Mines with Potentially High Gas Emission Rates
    Addis J ;
    Raj KV
    2025/02/22 | Mining Publications
    The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is conducting research to enhance methane control and mine ventilation practices at coal mines, as a method to mitigate hazardous work conditions. NIOSH researchers conducted case studies to investigate the effectiveness of existing systems and improve performance to decrease the pot ...
    Public Domain
  • Measures and Measurement Tools for Studying Total Worker Health
    Measures and Measurement Tools for Studying Total Worker Health®
    Booth A ;
    Bray J
    2025/02/20 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Objective: Identify survey, interview, and observational measures and measurement tools to assess constructs associated with Total Worker Health® (TWH). Methods: We conducted a scoping review to identify articles that presented or evaluated measures and tools associated with worker health, safety, and well-being. We supplemented this review with a ...
  • Assessment of a Gas Monitor Distribution Program in Rural Wisconsin
    Assessment of a Gas Monitor Distribution Program in Rural Wisconsin
    Bendixsen CG ;
    Hanschu JA
    2025/02/20 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Objectives: Manure gases are deadly agricultural hazards that recently caused the deaths of two manure haulers and rural firefighters in New York in June 2024. This study had two objectives: 1) survey fire departments to learn about their use and promotion of four gas monitors in rural communities; 2) assess the Four Gas Monitor Program, a gas moni ...
  • Examinee NonDisclosure of Relevant Medical Information During Transportation Related Regulatory Examinations A CaseSeries
    Examinee Non-Disclosure of Relevant Medical Information During Transportation Related Regulatory Examinations: A Case-Series
    Caruth J ;
    Graber JM
    2025/02/20 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Objective: In the past decade, U.S. transport accidents have resulted in over 370,000 fatalities. Research on medical history non-disclosure during mandatory regulatory exams has been limited. This study used the National Transportation Safety Board's (NTSB) Case Analysis and Reporting Online (CAROL) database to: (1) Identify non-disclosure, (2) As ...
  • Glove Performance Dermal Absorption of Fentanyl (Dataset)
    Fisher EM ;
    Greenawald LA
    2025/02/20 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    With the increase in opioid sales on the illicit drug market and overdoses, opioid incidents and exposure risk are concerns for first responders, including law enforcement officers. To prevent dermal, mucosal, or inhalation exposure to opioids and other hazardous drugs, first responders rely on personal protective equipment (PPE) - including respir ...
    Dataset Public Domain
  • A Preliminary Quantitative Risk Assessment for Inhalation Exposure to Glutaraldehyde
    A Preliminary Quantitative Risk Assessment for Inhalation Exposure to Glutaraldehyde
    Dankovic, David A. ;
    Pandalai, Sudah P.
    2025/02/20 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Glutaraldehyde (Chemical Abstracts Service [CAS] registry number 111-30-8) has various occupational uses and is associated with adverse health effects including respiratory tract irritation, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A quantitative risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the likelihood of adverse health effects associated ...
    Public Domain
  • Developing an Intergroup Dialogue Curriculum to Improve Mental Health System Capacity for Farmers and Agricultural Communities
    Developing an Intergroup Dialogue Curriculum to Improve Mental Health System Capacity for Farmers and Agricultural Communities
    Beseler C ;
    Keeney AJ
    2025/02/20 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    The purpose of this study is to present the development of an intergroup dialogue curriculum for faith leaders and behavioral health providers to expand rural behavioral health care systems. The Clergy Outreach and Professional Engagement model and intergroup dialogue technique formed the basis of the curriculum. A discussion of the adaptation of a ...
  • Effects of Natural and Synthetic Fibers in Turfgrass Horse Racing Surfaces as Characterized by Triaxial Shear Tests
    Effects of Natural and Synthetic Fibers in Turfgrass Horse Racing Surfaces as Characterized by Triaxial Shear Tests
    Erbland P ;
    Peterson ML
    2025/02/19 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Soils used in putting green applications are designed to move water quickly through the profile yet are still able to support turfgrass growth. North American turfgrass horse racing surfaces often use similar soils which are reinforced with synthetic fibers to achieve both high infiltration rates and high shear strength. Natural fibers, in particul ...
  • Assessing the Impact of Advanced Cooling Technology in Firefighting Gear During Live Burn Scenario
    Assessing the Impact of Advanced Cooling Technology in Firefighting Gear During Live Burn Scenario
    Altman L ;
    Bellacov R
    2025/02/19 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Objective: A firefighter wears a standard safety coat, its model unchanged for many years, when tackling a fire. We designed a new cooling system coat with carbon nano tube-based fabric and pouches inside the coat for coolants and fans. The coats, one standard and the other still evolving, are compared on several metrics including core body tempera ...
    Public Domain
241 - 260 / 82795