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Showing 44281 - 44300 of 82803 results
  • A Method to Characterize Aerosols Produced by Voluntary Respiratory Maneuvers
    A Method to Characterize Aerosols Produced by Voluntary Respiratory Maneuvers
    Afshari A ;
    Azadi S
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Many respiratory diseases are associated with changes in the composition and balance of fluids within the airways. The purpose of this study was to develop a system to measure the production of aerosols generated while performing a variety of respiratory maneuvers. Results of these measurements will be used to determine if aerosol generation is ass ...
    Public Domain
  • Gene Expression and CellSignaling Events Associated with ToxicantInduced Gliosis
    Gene Expression and Cell-Signaling Events Associated with Toxicant-Induced Gliosis
    Felschow DM ;
    Luster MI
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Astrogliosis represents a sensitive and early response of the nervous system to all types of neurotoxic injuries. The generality of the glial reaction, despite the target selectivity of specific neurotoxic insults, implies that there are common "signals" underlying this cellular response. The discovery and characterization of such signals would, th ...
    Public Domain
  • Sample Size Considerations for Studies of Intervention Efficacy in the Occupational Setting
    Sample Size Considerations for Studies of Intervention Efficacy in the Occupational Setting
    Brosseau LM ;
    Dugan SK
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    OBJECTIVE: Due to a shared environment and similarities among workers within a worksite, the strongest analytical design to evaluate the efficacy of an intervention to reduce occupational health or safety hazards is to randomly assign worksites, not workers, to the intervention and comparison conditions. Statistical methods are well described for e ...
  • Effects of Methoxychlor M or Its Active Metabolite 2 2Bis PHydroxyphenyl1 1 1Trichloroethane HPTE on Testosterone T Formation by Cultured Adult Rat Leydig Cells LC
    Effects of Methoxychlor (M) or Its Active Metabolite, 2, 2-Bis (P-Hydroxyphenyl)-1, 1, 1-Trichloroethane (HPTE), on Testosterone (T) Formation by Cultured Adult Rat Leydig Cells (LC)
    Castranova, Vincent ;
    Derk RC
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    M is a pesticide developed as a replacement for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Its active metabolite is reported to be HPTE. Both M and HPTE have been shown to exhibit weak estrogenic or antiandrogenic activities in various in vivo or in vitro testing protocols. In the present studies, we examined the direct effects of M or HPTE on T biosyn ...
    Public Domain
  • Farmer Was Killed When Pinned by Old SkidSteer Loader
    Farmer Was Killed When Pinned by Old Skid-Steer Loader.
    Johnson, Wayne ;
    Rautiainen, Risto
    2002/03/01 | Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation Reports (FACE)
    A 69-year-old farmer was found dead while cleaning snow from a hog-sorting pen. The man was driving a small skid-steer loader, which was 20-30 years old. The man was working alone, and details of the incident are unclear. He was found sitting in the operator's seat, leaning to his left, with the left hydraulic lift arm pushing down and crushing his ...
  • Generation of MetalInduced Reactive Oxygen Species by Residual Oil Fly Ash
    Generation of Metal-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species by Residual Oil Fly Ash
    Antonini JM ;
    Leonard, Stephen S.
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Inhalation of residual oil fly ash (ROFA) increases pulmonary morbidity in exposed workers. We examined the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ROFA-induced lung injury. ROFA was collected from Boston Edison Co., Everett, MA. ROFA (ROFA-total) was suspended in saline, incubated for 24 hr at 37 degrees C, centrifuged, and separated into soluble ...
    Public Domain
  • Interaction Between Noise and Asphyxiants A Concern for Toxicology and Occupational Health
    Interaction Between Noise and Asphyxiants: A Concern for Toxicology and Occupational Health
    Morata, Thais C.
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Occupational health, in its mission to identify and prevent work-related disorders, often relies on finding from toxicological studies. Many occupational issues, such as the exposure parameters and the mechanisms responsible for causing disorders, can only be addressed through toxicological experiments. In particular, more biological and toxicologi ...
    Public Domain
  • Responsiveness of Alveolar Macrophages from iNOS Knockout or Wild Type Mice to an In Vitro LPS or Silica Exposure
    Responsiveness of Alveolar Macrophages from iNOS Knockout or Wild Type Mice to an In Vitro LPS or Silica Exposure
    Castranova, Vincent ;
    Robinson VA
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    The role of nitric oxide (NO) in pulmonary disease has been controversial with both anti-inflammatory (scavenging radicals and inhibiting NF- B activation) and pro-inflammatory (forming highly reactive peroxynitrite and augmenting NF- B activation by inflammatory agents) actions reported. Therefore, a project has been initiated to determine whether ...
    Public Domain
  • Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Public Safety Workers
    Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Public Safety Workers
    Boal, Winifred L. ;
    Hales, Thomas R.
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    In an interesting and timely article, Upfal and colleagues conducted a cross-sectional study of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among three categories of public safety workers (PSW): police, firefighters, and emergency medical service (EMS) personnel. 1 Using the enzyme immunoassay (EIA-2) test to define HCV seropositivity, the authors found a se ...
    Public Domain
  • Causal Analysis of Back Belts to Prevent Low Back Pain
    Causal Analysis of Back Belts to Prevent Low Back Pain
    Wassell, James T.
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    In a prospective study of the effect of back belts to prevent low back pain, 4,203 material handlers, who did not report a history of previous back pain in a baseline telephone interview, completed a 6-month follow up telephone interview. Belt wearing was self-determined, but influenced by store policy, for which there was poor compliance. Classifi ...
    Public Domain
  • A 16YearOld Roofer Helper Dies After 28Foot Fall Down an Unguarded Elevator Shaft Opening Pennsylvania
    A 16-Year-Old Roofer Helper Dies After 28-Foot Fall Down an Unguarded Elevator Shaft Opening - Pennsylvania
    National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) Program
    2002/03/01 | Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation Reports (FACE)
    On June 10, 2000, a 16-year-old roofer helper (the victim) died after falling approximately 28 feet down an unguarded elevator shaft opening. The victim's employer (the victim's father) had been subcontracted to put a roof on a two-story commercial office building under construction. On the day of the incident, the victim and his 25-year-old brothe ...
    Public Domain
  • Differential Vulnerability of Snake Species to MPTP A Behavioral and Biochemical Comparison in Ratsnakes Elaphe and Watersnakes Nerodia
    Differential Vulnerability of Snake Species to MPTP: A Behavioral and Biochemical Comparison in Ratsnakes (Elaphe) and Watersnakes (Nerodia)
    Barthalmus GT ;
    Miller DB
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    The synthetic neurotoxicant 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induces a Parkinsonian-like syndrome in humans and nonhuman primates, and also causes movement disorders in rodents, fish, amphibians and lizards. To date, the effects of MPTP have not been characterized in snakes. In this study, the behavioral and biochemical effects o ...
    Public Domain
  • Identifying Risk Factors for Noise Induced Hearing Loss
    Identifying Risk Factors for Noise Induced Hearing Loss
    Rabinowitz PM
    2002/03/01 | Grant Final Reports
    This report describes research on the audiometric data set of Alcoa which the principal investigator has carried out with funding from a KOI SERCA between 1998 and 2001. During the grant period, a large audiometric data set was analyzed to determine whether risk factors for noise induced hearing loss could be identified among the employees. Origina ...
  • UbiquitinDependent Sperm Quality Control Mechanism Recognizes Spermatozoa with DNA Defects as Revealed by Dual UbiquitinTUNEL Assay
    Ubiquitin-Dependent Sperm Quality Control Mechanism Recognizes Spermatozoa with DNA Defects as Revealed by Dual Ubiquitin-TUNEL Assay
    Neuber E ;
    Schatten G
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Defective mammalian spermatozoa become ubiquitinated during epididymal passage, a mechanism that may mark the abnormal spermatozoa for proteolytic destruction (Sutovsky et al., 2001a: J Cell Sci 114:1665-1675). It is not known how such spermatozoa are recognized by the epididymal ubiquitination pathway and whether there is a selection against certa ...
  • Assessing the Impact of Human PON1 Polymorphisms Sensitivity and Monte Carlo Analyses Using a Physiologically Based PharmacokineticPharmacodynamic PBPKPD Model for Chlorpyrifos
    Assessing the Impact of Human PON1 Polymorphisms: Sensitivity and Monte Carlo Analyses Using a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) Model for Chlorpyrifos
    Kousba A ;
    Poet TS
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    A PBPK/PD model was developed for chlorpyrifos (CPF) and the active metabolite CPF-oxon. Susceptibility to organophosphate (OP) insecticides is associated with variation in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic response. A genetic polymorphism in the PONI (arylesterase) detoxification of OPs results in the expression of a range of PON1 enzyme activities ...
  • Assessing the Classification of WorkRelatedness of Fatal Incidents A Comparison Between Australia New Zealand and the United States
    Assessing the Classification of Work-Relatedness of Fatal Incidents: A Comparison Between Australia, New Zealand and the United States
    Driscoll T ;
    Feyer AM
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    As part of a larger study comparing work-related fatal injury of workers in Australia, New Zealand and the United States, an assessment was made of the similarities and differences between the three countries in identifying fatal incidents as work-related or not. The researchers in each country independently classified 333 brief scenarios, describi ...
    Public Domain
  • Restraint Stress Modulation of Ear Swelling in ACD Is Independent of Sensitizing Dose of Chemical
    Restraint Stress Modulation of Ear Swelling in ACD Is Independent of Sensitizing Dose of Chemical
    Brumbaugh K ;
    Flint MS
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Stress plays an important role in numerous chronic health problems including modulation of immunologic diseases, however, the interaction between the stress response and the cutaneous immune response are incompletely understood. We have previously shown that acute stress suppresses the immune response in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), and addit ...
    Public Domain
  • A 15YearOld Male Farm Laborer Dies After the Tractor He was Operating Overturned Into a Manure Pit Pennsylvania
    A 15-Year-Old Male Farm Laborer Dies After the Tractor He was Operating Overturned Into a Manure Pit - Pennsylvania
    Casini, Virgil J.
    2002/03/01 | Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation Reports (FACE)
    A 15-year-old male farm worker (the victim) died after the tractor he was operating overturned into a manure pit. The tractor was equipped with a manure scraper fashioned from half a tractor tire mounted on the draw bar at the rear of the tractor. The victim and another 15-year-old-male, who was sitting on the tractor's left fender, were scraping c ...
    Public Domain
  • Hisopathologic Assessment of Acute Dermal Exposure to MXylene DLimonene and Sodium Lauryl Sulfate in Rats
    Hisopathologic Assessment of Acute Dermal Exposure to M-Xylene, D-Limonene and Sodium Lauryl Sulfate in Rats
    Brinkley WW ;
    Garrett CM
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Skin exposure to organic chemicals and solvents may cause skin irritation and generate proinflammatory mediators that initiate an irritant response. Histopathology can serve as a fixed reference point in a changing microenvironment for explanation of concurrent cellular responses. Changes in the levels of selected proteins in the irritant cascade w ...
  • Occupational Contact Dermatitis I Incidence and Return to Work Pressures
    Occupational Contact Dermatitis I: Incidence and Return to Work Pressures
    Emmett, Edward A.
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Since the passage of the United States Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) in 1970, there have been extensive changes in United States workplaces that should have served to enhance the prevention of occupational skin disease (OSD). Analysis of skin diseases reported to OSHA (OSHA recordables) shows that the number of OSDs declined steadily fr ...
44281 - 44300 / 82803