U.S. flag An official website of the United States government.
Official websites use .gov

A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS

A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

CDC Stacks Public Health Publications

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducts research and makes recommendations for preventing work-related injuries, illnesses, and deaths. For more information, visit https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/index.html.

(1)
(320)
(847)
(1111)
(1286)
(1663)
(1923)
(2675)
(2174)
(2174)
(2202)
(2025)
(2294)
(2195)
(2187)
(1953)
(1953)
(1863)
(1812)
(1891)
(1851)
(2014)
(1833)
(1770)
(1792)
(1618)
(1440)
(1339)
(1049)
(1126)
(1101)
(945)
(1158)
(1313)
(1239)
(1325)
(1190)
(1403)
(1035)
(1171)
(1174)
(1210)
(1053)
(1184)
(1312)
(1467)
(1471)
(1458)
(1275)
(1229)
(1333)
(1434)
(1233)
(1062)
(1077)
(826)
(603)
(527)
(112)
(50)
(32)
(40)
(31)
(34)
(23)
(13)
(6)
(7)
(6)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(36)
0 of 93
(1)
(588)
(12)
(2)
(122)
(1)
(85)
(2)
(13)
(1)
(182)
(57)
(5)
(49)
(36)
(4)
(7)
(1088)
(18)
(483)
(5)
(80827)
(1)
(4)
0 of 24
(2)
(5)
(948)
(769)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(922)
(261)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(237)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(153)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(116)
(1)
(8)
(6)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6296)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(7)
(2)
(426)
(1)
(28)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3778)
(5)
(2)
(1)
(10)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1001)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(129)
(3)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(98)
(1)
(1)
(39)
(1)
(113)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2785)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(5)
(2)
(2021)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2947)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(38)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(167)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(408)
(1)
(2388)
(1107)
(4)
(1849)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(250)
(1)
(7)
(102)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1597)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(769)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(304)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5127)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(4234)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2718)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2172)
(1)
(257)
(1)
(1)
(1186)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(396)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(673)
(1)
(612)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(234)
(1233)
(2)
(613)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(5014)
(17)
(1)
(13)
(4)
(95)
(7)
(209)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(6)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2868)
(1)
(137)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(16371)
(1)
(534)
(2)
(1)
(1516)
(3)
(2)
(5564)
(5886)
(26834)
(10212)
(23664)
(4373)
(3614)
(1)
(5686)
(7505)
(7292)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(9898)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(13)
(2)
(562)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(8)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(7)
(102)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(171)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(5)
(356)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(499)
(199)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(661)
(1)
(2685)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(18)
(1)
(1)
(991)
(1)
(1)
(1442)
(1)
(2)
(216)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1919)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(5325)
(14)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(11911)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1431)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(81)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(309)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
0 of 750
(47)
(1)
(29)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(813)
(2)
(1)
(6)
(282)
(3607)
(1)
(808)
(2061)
(6)
(1)
(3857)
(587)
(11)
(1)
(17292)
(1)
(5)
(22)
(1)
(1)
(112)
(152)
(4782)
(132)
(31)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(16)
(4)
(1)
(3)
(24)
(16)
(16)
(50)
(4)
(559)
0 of 45
(1)
(1)
(1)
(24)
(48)
(57)
(125)
(24)
(8)
(86)
(153)
(75)
(26)
(11)
(1)
(661)
(1)
(44)
(19)
(41)
(3)
(86)
(44)
(29)
(2539)
(1)
(6)
(21)
(1179)
(15)
(130)
(14)
(31)
(632)
(4)
(10)
(3)
(20)
(1)
(1)
(2811)
(40)
(174)
(7)
(8)
(4)
(2575)
(81)
(5)
(4)
(154)
(2224)
(239)
(4)
(108)
(32)
(199)
(182)
(1)
(1)
(221)
(221)
(8)
(61)
(2)
(117)
(1)
0 of 67
(68)
(6)
(5258)
(1421)
(9)
(5)
(6043)
(4)
(9164)
(15)
(7)
(19)
(44)
(32)
(38)
(27)
(74)
(216)
(4)
(160)
(75)
(6)
(27)
(4)
(7)
(109)
(5)
(779)
(26)
(12)
(6)
(2148)
(52)
(1936)
(1989)
(12)
(4612)
(9)
(62)
(7)
(747)
(9)
(5250)
(1312)
(2567)
(52)
(10)
(329)
(7)
(21)
(246)
(169)
(36)
(10)
(34)
(278)
(23)
(402)
(34)
(24)
(164)
(66)
(52)
(6)
(4)
(18)
(55)
(157)
(11)
(39)
(171)
(3235)
(61)
(18)
(81)
(5)
(225)
(157)
(41)
(90)
(5)
(238)
(4)
(4)
(265)
(15)
(5)
(12)
(995)
(6)
(1273)
(1283)
(39)
(113)
(4)
(6)
(258)
(12)
(2029)
(53)
(25)
(7)
(4)
(6)
(7)
(227)
(202)
(1875)
(7)
(208)
(4)
(14)
(26)
(4)
(7)
(234)
(112)
(24)
(547)
(362)
(371)
(6)
(153)
(116)
(19)
(1267)
(1303)
(4)
(246)
(10)
(20)
(4)
(1741)
(216)
(143)
(94)
(4)
(70)
(357)
(12)
(6)
(4)
(23)
(23)
(63)
(6)
(6)
(4)
(61)
(9)
(221)
(65)
(190)
(41)
(69)
(4)
(183)
(4)
(25)
(13)
(190)
(4)
(35)
(12)
(77)
(4)
(32)
(12)
(127)
(9)
(248)
(5)
(5)
(2138)
(4)
(1575)
(1938)
(551)
(7)
(68)
(29)
(52)
(4)
(418)
(28)
(4)
(4)
(96)
(5)
(4)
(37)
(8)
(73)
(2814)
(498)
(35)
(5)
(24)
(12)
(115)
(253)
(7)
(6)
(10)
(64)
(27)
(339)
(21)
(282)
(151)
(263)
(4)
(322)
(5)
(109)
(62)
(6)
(3919)
(3546)
(49)
(25)
(5)
(39)
(23)
(802)
(89)
(5)
(53)
(210)
(12)
(167)
(1844)
(144)
(160)
(263)
(4)
(540)
(393)
(40)
(4494)
(533)
(5)
(45)
(215)
(26)
(78)
(9)
(111)
(51)
(70)
(32)
(4)
(31)
(60)
(4)
(479)
(25)
(4)
(52)
(7)
(72)
(8)
(195)
(521)
(187)
(9)
(172)
(8)
(163)
(5)
(10)
(321)
(18)
(6)
(4)
(587)
(6)
(2002)
(19)
(165)
(7)
(673)
(44)
(33)
(34)
(6)
(73)
(683)
(4)
(308)
(362)
(311)
(85)
(4)
(332)
(40)
(7)
(8)
(33)
(4)
(50)
(4)
(251)
(4)
(5)
(34)
(34)
(56)
(12)
(8)
(10)
(173)
(7055)
(25)
(640)
(21)
(8)
(8)
(25)
(336)
(2520)
(5)
(44)
(756)
(8)
(404)
(1114)
(26)
(60)
(206)
(4)
(4)
(87)
(46)
(16)
(888)
(5)
(2376)
(5)
(369)
(6)
(52)
(398)
(52)
(313)
(1071)
(23)
(1976)
(480)
(5)
(4864)
(5)
(1379)
(7)
(7028)
(16)
(1647)
(7)
(530)
(8)
(9)
(5483)
(5)
(30)
(117)
(6)
(15)
(26)
(9)
(2446)
(47)
(64)
(13)
(37)
(4)
(72)
(5)
(13)
(5)
(8)
(26)
(85)
(4)
(9)
(9)
(865)
(186)
(6)
(7)
(476)
(111)
(254)
(18)
(4)
(777)
(2428)
(4)
(8)
(654)
(705)
(21)
(24)
(17)
(7)
(367)
(39)
(67)
(349)
(284)
(4)
(15)
(4)
(2063)
(1465)
(123)
(34)
(22)
(56)
(5)
(7)
(42)
(20)
(39)
(8)
(4)
(4)
(103)
(49)
(455)
(588)
(11)
(405)
(628)
(349)
(4)
(166)
(11)
(6)
(304)
(27)
(672)
(119)
(5)
(21)
(15)
(10)
(5)
(6)
(5)
(4)
(1217)
(43)
(653)
(214)
(5)
(4)
(57)
(139)
(75)
(7)
(65)
(84)
(10)
(18)
(116)
(7)
(16)
(4)
(5)
(6881)
(56)
(54)
(10)
(2462)
(17)
(4)
(14)
(10)
(3481)
(16)
(14)
(1503)
(5)
(5)
(7)
(11)
(8)
(171)
(333)
(945)
(1222)
(1258)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(50)
(595)
(5)
(6)
(519)
(897)
(32)
(22)
(5)
(4)
(202)
(38)
(14)
(42)
(96)
(7)
(58)
(61)
(156)
(11)
(6)
(7)
(248)
(962)
(58)
(15)
(31)
(343)
(510)
(6)
(1191)
(12)
(23)
(10)
(6)
(16)
(46)
(5)
(1620)
(4)
(7)
(32)
(5)
(1480)
(4)
(4)
(17)
(18)
(21)
(14)
(56)
(4)
(5)
(20)
(4)
(34)
(22)
(8)
(13)
(126)
(4)
(38)
(532)
(9)
(5)
(59)
(1161)
(5)
(5)
(4)
(77)
(1531)
(75)
(76)
(7)
(1403)
(418)
(6)
(13)
(133)
(49)
(5483)
(7)
(690)
(1154)
(371)
(6)
(195)
(5)
(233)
(349)
(369)
(9)
(75)
(8)
(5)
(49)
(5435)
(3940)
(4)
(10)
(9)
(60)
(7)
(132)
(8)
(21)
(124)
(362)
(10)
(246)
(19)
(4691)
(26)
(102)
(11)
(160)
(18)
(28)
(31)
(41)
(2681)
(32)
(378)
(2912)
(208)
(5)
(1077)
(7)
(2747)
(846)
(31)
(62)
(10)
(433)
(23)
(13)
(20)
(6)
(40)
(6)
(27)
(12)
(1110)
(9)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(29)
(792)
(19)
(10081)
(111)
(11)
(911)
(8)
(3911)
(6)
(9)
(5)
(122)
(8)
(3257)
(5)
(3364)
(351)
(74)
(50)
(171)
(65)
(28)
(26)
(9)
(21)
(38)
(44)
(10)
(17)
(14)
(7)
(206)
(3283)
(15)
(3280)
(869)
(121)
(213)
(85)
(55)
(41)
(75)
(171)
(40)
(112)
(5)
(40)
(24)
(2258)
(1598)
(6)
(8)
(5)
(12)
(172)
(27)
(5)
(197)
(122)
(51)
(10)
(8)
(5)
(6)
(1263)
(6)
(22)
(9752)
(31)
(39)
(35)
(80781)
(20)
(1136)
(8)
(5)
(21)
(14)
(6)
(6)
(310)
(38)
(5)
(313)
(5)
(127)
(9)
(131)
(125)
(630)
(96)
(7)
(86)
(11)
(6)
(5039)
(385)
(7)
(9)
(29)
(41)
(7)
(6489)
(5)
(14)
(216)
(34)
(5)
(102)
(156)
(15)
(89)
(52)
(31)
(94)
(6)
(8)
(6)
(456)
(29)
(78)
(11)
(5)
(7)
(12)
(738)
(9)
(179)
(522)
(203)
(10)
(40)
(56)
(21)
(49)
(8)
(9)
(8)
(5)
(14)
(34)
(28)
(50)
(1379)
(588)
(11)
(11)
(716)
(230)
(71)
(15)
(9)
(37)
(12)
(1366)
(35)
(1673)
(15)
(6)
(19)
(5)
(35)
(18)
(33)
(5)
(361)
(423)
(15)
(1362)
(1340)
(132)
(272)
(165)
(164)
(13)
(189)
(11)
(447)
(11)
(44)
(78)
(20)
(7)
(6)
(111)
(20)
(18)
(5)
(21)
(5)
(7)
(7)
(45)
(5)
(6)
(793)
(384)
(2169)
(7949)
(7245)
(7)
(8)
(5)
(7992)
(6323)
(11)
(15)
(191)
(6)
(7)
(80492)
(4759)
(12)
(8)
(61)
(5)
(79)
(1503)
(152)
(901)
(57)
(1160)
(9)
(546)
(220)
(8)
(83)
(1733)
(120)
(61)
(2403)
(389)
(860)
(7)
(753)
(622)
(296)
(382)
(6)
(988)
(17)
(13)
(27)
(1154)
(2143)
(34)
(9)
(183)
(89)
(18)
(10)
(5419)
(15)
(5)
(29)
(11)
(146)
(1644)
(167)
(178)
(152)
(51)
(62)
(166)
(52)
(35)
(106)
(3250)
(5)
(10)
(32)
(7)
(14)
(840)
(205)
(37)
(410)
(10)
(8)
(15)
(19)
(23)
(100)
(5)
(758)
(262)
(10)
(1848)
(30)
(5)
(781)
(7)
(7)
(62)
(44)
(14)
(111)
(32)
(136)
(31)
(17)
(139)
(9)
(16)
(680)
(903)
(1341)
(22)
(13)
(9)
(25)
(50)
(7)
(937)
(3146)
(115)
(5)
(726)
(54)
(457)
(6)
(590)
(7)
(7)
(5)
(37)
(66)
(6)
(312)
(62)
(23)
(31)
(360)
(5)
(131)
(12)
(710)
(103)
(3094)
(312)
(8)
(17)
(11)
(5)
(30)
(6)
(259)
(9172)
(26)
(47)
(121)
(13)
(7)
(88)
(15)
(8)
0 of 1000
(76)
(66)
(38)
(49)
(38)
(51)
(50)
(113)
(79)
(93)
(63)
(38)
(46)
(36)
(51)
(110)
(56)
(247)
(60)
(83)
(277)
(86)
(106)
(43)
(57)
(138)
(126)
(48)
(37)
(44)
(73)
(42)
(36)
(44)
(98)
(72)
(38)
(39)
(226)
(42)
(38)
(69)
(71)
(64)
(122)
(54)
(77)
(62)
(37)
(151)
(143)
(52)
(51)
(43)
(63)
(68)
(36)
(49)
(70)
(50)
(52)
(45)
(62)
(173)
(63)
(39)
(59)
(38)
(88)
(39)
(41)
(69)
(60)
(50)
(45)
(54)
(55)
(38)
(105)
(123)
(43)
(61)
(69)
(53)
(80)
(69)
(53)
(42)
(80)
(58)
(147)
(43)
(45)
(99)
(37)
(46)
(88)
(47)
(92)
(37)
(45)
(85)
(78)
(37)
(37)
(55)
(38)
(66)
(44)
(38)
(55)
(84)
(45)
(59)
(83)
(159)
(62)
(42)
(129)
(84)
(40)
(96)
(108)
(61)
(70)
(47)
(78)
(64)
(179)
(36)
(44)
(38)
(40)
(99)
(43)
(60)
(73)
(69)
(926)
(88)
(48)
(39)
(48)
(189)
(47)
(36)
(61)
(60)
(36)
(129)
(101)
(71)
(72)
(39)
(147)
(39)
(88)
(75)
(41)
(43)
(37)
(109)
(37)
(39)
(47)
(251)
(59)
(77)
(126)
(36)
(41)
(93)
(44)
(41)
(41)
(57)
(140)
(66)
(45)
(135)
(59)
(55)
(49)
(58)
(64)
(38)
(48)
(37)
(48)
(56)
(147)
(46)
(72)
(38)
(38)
(55)
(72)
(143)
(37)
(103)
(84)
(53)
(119)
(43)
(88)
(84)
(38)
(36)
(42)
(57)
(82)
(42)
(51)
(82)
(47)
(41)
(58)
(41)
(79)
(47)
(53)
(66)
(175)
(48)
(39)
(157)
(49)
(37)
(46)
(98)
(61)
(59)
(126)
(41)
(80)
(71)
(226)
(100)
(51)
(122)
(41)
(39)
(55)
(42)
(37)
(48)
(40)
(77)
(84)
(142)
(44)
(56)
(171)
(58)
(38)
(45)
(42)
(167)
(40)
(48)
(36)
(76)
(119)
(71)
(39)
(86)
(58)
(41)
(39)
(55)
(69)
(55)
(56)
(213)
(155)
(40)
(62)
(75)
(89)
(41)
(52)
(88)
(83)
(41)
(43)
(87)
(85)
(56)
(54)
(65)
(47)
(55)
(62)
(81)
(208)
(49)
(73)
(61)
(47)
(183)
(38)
(38)
(45)
(46)
(105)
(43)
(82)
(93)
(44)
(85)
(40)
(46)
(62)
(53)
(48)
(44)
(97)
(39)
(65)
(56)
(49)
(69)
(43)
(42)
(150)
(44)
(46)
(54)
(45)
(125)
(39)
(60)
(74)
(85)
(200)
(250)
(83)
(87)
(37)
(257)
(78)
(97)
(65)
(175)
(37)
(92)
(78)
(55)
(44)
(89)
(62)
(60)
(112)
(37)
(36)
(134)
(77)
(63)
(44)
(252)
(38)
(66)
(40)
(89)
(117)
(76)
(56)
(37)
(108)
(78)
(156)
(68)
(39)
(198)
(43)
(86)
(59)
(46)
(62)
(54)
(38)
(49)
(61)
(44)
(88)
(49)
(51)
(51)
(43)
(97)
(49)
(46)
(93)
(121)
(109)
(92)
(46)
(47)
(167)
(72)
(63)
(48)
(83)
(125)
(43)
(44)
(102)
(45)
(56)
(44)
(38)
(63)
(44)
(75)
(78)
(94)
(51)
(95)
(38)
(82)
(209)
(65)
(59)
(77)
(37)
(108)
(240)
(51)
(44)
(104)
(67)
(55)
(48)
(46)
(45)
(53)
(47)
(39)
(82)
(47)
(49)
(54)
(38)
(59)
(49)
(63)
(71)
(41)
(70)
(92)
(159)
(45)
(56)
(71)
(67)
(61)
(78)
(54)
(59)
(51)
(108)
(37)
(63)
(250)
(80)
(40)
(49)
(39)
(40)
(42)
(98)
(40)
(106)
(46)
(91)
(131)
(39)
(91)
(55)
(74)
(51)
(46)
(70)
(37)
(82)
(44)
(98)
(40)
(75)
(42)
(55)
(54)
(155)
(39)
(61)
(43)
(65)
(59)
(60)
(84)
(181)
(45)
(45)
(120)
(235)
(63)
(101)
(44)
(79)
(61)
(67)
(95)
(38)
(87)
(71)
(70)
(96)
(71)
(68)
(56)
(44)
(122)
(55)
(68)
(49)
(75)
(57)
(76)
(47)
(44)
(106)
(56)
(46)
(160)
(45)
(44)
(37)
(40)
(58)
(64)
(116)
(41)
(59)
(46)
(68)
(37)
(51)
(55)
(44)
(42)
(49)
(127)
(63)
(48)
(54)
(88)
(79)
(45)
(76)
(103)
(59)
(54)
(37)
(80)
(84)
(45)
(70)
(63)
(46)
(58)
(40)
(108)
(53)
(102)
(78)
(55)
(177)
(40)
(38)
(115)
(108)
(70)
(61)
(40)
(49)
(155)
(96)
(95)
(37)
(90)
(47)
(38)
(97)
(61)
(38)
(67)
(65)
(48)
(201)
(84)
(51)
(48)
(44)
(69)
(81)
(54)
(37)
(37)
(46)
(52)
(188)
(44)
(41)
(104)
(41)
(51)
(85)
(58)
(40)
(44)
(42)
(41)
(59)
(171)
(68)
(37)
(43)
(86)
(46)
(52)
(40)
(54)
(43)
(50)
(38)
(38)
(93)
(43)
(43)
(49)
(122)
(39)
(53)
(47)
(56)
(152)
(44)
(74)
(262)
(47)
(49)
(57)
(56)
(217)
(144)
(45)
(130)
(164)
(42)
(45)
(98)
(68)
(39)
(48)
(66)
(38)
(41)
(37)
(58)
(65)
(77)
(134)
(63)
(51)
(45)
(155)
(49)
(79)
(69)
(122)
(53)
(149)
(41)
(52)
(51)
(49)
(39)
(105)
(37)
(37)
(42)
(93)
(162)
(46)
(40)
(43)
(166)
(60)
(153)
(58)
(38)
(37)
(119)
(40)
(101)
(58)
(48)
(49)
(41)
(111)
(61)
(71)
(44)
(46)
(43)
(42)
(41)
(58)
(151)
(42)
(42)
(64)
(84)
(53)
(53)
(110)
(43)
(78)
(103)
(41)
(109)
(59)
(132)
(67)
(54)
(53)
(96)
(46)
(119)
(78)
(68)
(47)
(230)
(39)
(57)
(40)
(59)
(172)
(52)
(68)
(92)
(57)
(276)
(43)
(43)
(38)
(37)
(99)
(40)
(90)
(82)
(85)
(43)
(92)
(39)
(172)
(68)
(99)
(51)
(69)
(65)
(49)
(78)
(125)
(124)
(37)
(71)
(52)
(39)
(40)
(71)
(68)
(45)
(89)
(158)
(49)
(70)
(288)
(40)
(53)
(53)
(52)
(189)
(57)
(53)
(114)
(40)
(42)
(37)
(46)
(43)
(67)
(44)
(95)
(227)
(42)
(79)
(39)
(227)
(71)
(161)
(46)
(82)
(49)
(87)
(55)
(95)
(62)
(39)
(43)
(65)
(44)
(45)
(102)
(114)
(50)
(78)
(122)
(51)
(54)
(109)
(55)
(46)
(40)
(40)
(55)
(51)
(79)
(90)
(58)
(52)
(54)
(37)
(50)
(95)
(96)
(59)
(222)
(232)
(38)
(52)
(170)
(37)
(62)
(70)
(43)
(37)
(98)
(158)
(46)
(55)
(49)
(57)
(52)
(89)
(62)
(42)
(60)
(96)
(58)
(53)
(43)
(55)
(59)
(87)
(92)
(40)
(40)
(78)
(104)
(234)
(99)
(55)
(63)
(101)
(71)
(55)
(54)
(69)
(103)
(107)
(46)
(37)
(121)
(61)
(69)
(85)
(39)
(58)
(61)
(289)
(59)
(42)
(72)
(42)
(194)
(121)
(86)
(105)
(115)
(37)
(59)
(70)
(81)
(46)
(88)
(189)
(41)
(41)
(117)
(59)
(51)
(55)
(50)
(63)
(71)
(43)
(48)
(84)
(137)
(52)
(48)
(85)
(38)
(105)
(68)
(68)
(51)
(138)
(37)
(128)
(59)
(40)
(108)
(76)
(48)
(60)
(45)
(73)
(47)
(106)
(64)
(46)
(59)
(45)
(45)
(182)
(86)
(82)
(58)
(47)
(38)
(40)
(61)
(76)
(54)
(81)
(45)
(42)
(50)
(71)
(99)
(89)
(97)
(119)
(64)
(54)
(49)
(39)
(64)
(43)
(98)
(99)
(51)
(40)
(53)
(46)
(59)
(50)
(45)
(80)
(137)
(38)
(43)
(82)
(71)
(54)
(44)
(39)
(52)
0 of 1000
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(11)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(65)
(6)
(1)
(64)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(55)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(2)
(12)
(1)
(605)
(1)
(1)
(77)
(53)
(18)
(12)
(270)
(69)
(85)
(2)
(125)
(117)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(21)
(1)
(49)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(67)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(3)
(5)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(48)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(57)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(15)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(8)
(35)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(9)
(2)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(5)
(105)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(31)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(31)
(12)
(2)
(2)
(7)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(19)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(20)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(14)
(14)
(2)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(220)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(3)
(23)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(134)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(230)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(11)
(2)
(1)
(13)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(29)
(21)
(1)
(2)
(21)
(217)
(4)
(246)
(52)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(228)
(49)
(53)
(1)
(210)
(2)
(1)
(5)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(184)
(187)
(2)
(47)
(47)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(35)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(15)
(1)
(6)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(53)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(14)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(8936)
(4)
(18)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(47)
(8)
(8)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(35)
(3)
(1)
(234)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(22)
(23)
(3)
(9)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(315)
(2)
(739)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(3)
(19)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(110)
(1)
(2)
(36)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(6)
(1)
(4)
(124)
(13)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(17)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(7)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(77)
(29)
(33)
(59)
(18)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(211)
(24)
(1)
(186)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(16)
(1)
(24)
(30)
(30)
(32)
(1)
(65)
(1)
(62)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(4)
(10)
(10)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(27)
(3)
(3)
(52)
(11)
(52)
(52)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(150)
(41)
(38)
(8)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(25)
(1)
(5)
(21)
(3)
(1)
(3)
(13)
(15)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(12)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(48)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1125)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(40)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(20)
(1)
(1)
(10)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(38)
(94)
(283)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(84)
(7)
(1)
(19)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(14)
(7)
(1)
(2)
(715)
(127)
(49)
(47)
(40)
(1)
(1)
(34)
(1)
(34)
(34)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(106)
(12)
(106)
(1)
(2)
(14)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(45)
(45)
(1)
(1)
0 of 756
(1)
(205)
(21)
(1)
(114)
(129)
(679)
(92)
(186)
(66)
(1)
(185)
(3)
(1)
(8)
(168)
(2485)
(1015)
(12)
(1)
(62)
(77)
(5)
(256)
(1)
(1)
(891)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(123)
(1)
(1523)
(667)
(2372)
(260)
(1)
(8015)
(482)
(1)
(3200)
(6)
(206)
(355)
(33)
(1668)
(237)
(171)
(3)
(1)
(21)
(81)
(1)
(5359)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(51)
(116)
(4)
(27)
(96)
(2)
(1040)
(5)
(27)
(13)
(1)
(727)
(5)
(4)
(855)
(1)
(3)
(29)
(1741)
(2)
(11)
(65)
(2052)
(7)
(5)
(688)
(10)
(1)
(1)
(237)
(46)
(13)
(140)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1184)
(6)
(2)
(1)
(5)
(3957)
(1932)
(64)
(428)
(795)
(269)
(1)
(15)
(413)
(7)
(313)
(602)
(530)
(2)
(1125)
(12)
(384)
(8)
(49)
(1249)
(1)
(207)
(37)
(100)
(1)
0 of 124
(2)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(6)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(13)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(6)
(9)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(12)
(2)
(51)
(540)
(2)
(7)
(4)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(175)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(5)
(32)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(6)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(13)
(1)
(3)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(4)
(22)
(3)
(6)
(7)
(2)
(1)
(7)
(9)
(1)
(4)
(41)
(1)
(9)
(6)
(12)
(8)
(1)
(6)
(2)
(19)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(5)
(8)
(1)
(4)
(4)
(33)
(5)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(25)
(4)
(1)
(12)
(3)
(8)
(3)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(15)
(4)
(6)
(29)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(55)
(54)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(10)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(1)
(6)
(4)
(286)
(624)
(7)
(18)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(20)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(8)
(4)
(2)
(11)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(3)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(6)
(8)
(5)
(8)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(19)
(3)
(3)
(7)
(3)
(6)
(3)
(4)
(7)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(15)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(4)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(32)
(1)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(27)
(1)
(20)
(1)
(3)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(19)
(1)
(7)
(5)
(4)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(64)
(7)
(44)
(34)
(7)
(14)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(11)
(30)
(2)
(8)
(7)
(3)
(5)
(1)
(39)
(13)
(1)
(33)
(1)
(110)
(4)
(1)
(4)
(3)
(1)
(12)
(3)
(32)
(1)
(1)
(10)
(1)
(9)
(1)
(16)
(4)
(41)
(1)
(14)
(1)
(2)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(39)
(5)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(6)
(8)
(22)
(9)
(84)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(17)
(3)
(109)
(313)
(3)
(3)
(26)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(14)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(20)
(7)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(6)
(7)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(17)
(10)
(3)
(15)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(11)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(3)
(12)
(3)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(5)
(1)
(5)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(11)
(6)
(49)
(10)
(21)
(5)
(1)
(7)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(55)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(9)
(7)
(33)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(19)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(8)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(24)
(2)
(26)
(2)
(36)
(2)
(8)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(11)
(3)
(12)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(7)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(2)
(8)
(4)
(13)
(7)
(2)
(3)
(6)
(2)
(8)
(3)
(29)
(15)
(6)
(2)
(4)
(6)
(5)
(3)
(10)
(2)
(7)
(12)
(10)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(9)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(4)
(11)
(3)
(10)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(2)
(6)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(8)
(5)
(13)
(2)
(2)
(6)
(8)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(7)
(8)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(64)
(11)
(4)
(2)
(15)
(23)
(2)
(10)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(2)
(24)
(7)
(70)
(2)
(16)
(11)
(17)
(47)
(36)
(9)
(5)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(8)
(19)
(14)
(2)
(9)
(3)
(2)
(7)
(2)
(4)
(10)
(4)
(8)
(2)
(7)
(3)
(7)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(11)
(67)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(10)
(2)
(2)
(40)
(2)
(9)
(59)
(4)
(6)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(6)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(13)
(11)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(19)
(167)
(3)
(17)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(44)
(12)
(2)
(2)
(11)
(2)
(5)
(16)
(37)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(7)
(2)
(17)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(8)
(16)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(4)
(32)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(25)
(14)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(19)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(44)
(186)
(2)
(8)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(28)
(2)
(15)
(5)
(10)
(2)
(19)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(4)
(30)
(2)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(5)
(5)
(34)
(3)
(2)
(6)
(6)
(5)
(23)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(60)
(2)
(3)
(10)
(5)
(2)
(4)
(3)
(6)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(9)
(4)
(9)
(2)
(7)
(2)
(2)
(10)
(3)
(6)
(2)
(6)
(16)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(16)
(2)
(10)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(14)
(3)
(23)
(55)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(5)
(153)
(3)
(3)
(12)
(24)
(9)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(8)
(49)
(4)
(5)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(4)
(61)
(47)
(6)
(9)
(7)
(2)
(2)
(9)
(5)
(9)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(7)
(4)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(8)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(15)
(7)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(48)
(2)
(28)
(844)
(3)
(23)
(3)
(4)
(30)
(30)
(2)
(5)
(19)
(23)
(4)
(5)
(8)
(2)
(54)
(3)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(8)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(4)
(19)
(3)
(2)
(17)
(2)
(3)
(9)
(27)
(6)
(2)
(12)
(9)
(2)
(2)
(9)
(3)
(7)
(2)
(2)
(29)
(9)
(2)
(40)
0 of 1000
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(12)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(11)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(11)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(10)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(3104)
0 of 1000
(2)
(2780)
(24)
(30)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(2853)
(1)
(16)
(4)
(28)
(118)
(5)
(56)
(142)
(372)
(76)
(261)
(89)
(98)
(557)
(236)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(514)
(1)
(7)
(1302)
(10)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(8)
(4)
(3012)
(2190)
(7)
(1)
(7)
(8)
(13)
(4)
(176)
(204)
(2)
(3)
(182)
(1)
(587)
(1)
(43)
(2)
(950)
(2)
(765)
(1)
(18)
(69)
(1)
(7)
(43)
(138)
(14)
(659)
(542)
(26)
(143)
(85)
(39)
(48)
(61)
(15)
(44)
(7)
(25)
(1722)
(136)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(374)
(1)
(497)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(5)
(5)
(19)
(8)
(18)
(33)
(1)
(147)
(68)
(193)
(1)
0 of 100
(1)
(4)
(1)
(4)
(5)
(17)
(111)
(15)
(21)
(269)
(23)
(13)
(3)
(6)
(35)
(397)
(427)
(6)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(1)
(11)
(4)
(79)
(36)
(9)
(41)
(3)
(3)
(8)
(4)
(16)
(17)
(5)
(1)
(3)
(5)
(6)
(9)
(72)
(2)
(21)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(20)
(44)
(30)
(35)
(92)
(21)
(22)
(46)
(18)
(112)
(3)
(18)
(9)
(13)
(4)
(11)
(1)
(10)
(38)
(2)
(3)
(9)
(17)
(10)
(24)
(1)
(11)
(9)
(24)
(2)
(10)
0 of 81
(467)
(665)
(11)
(3)
(14)
(173)
(1)
(893)
(2)
(394)
(39)
(2181)
(626)
(3)
(2)
(241)
(2)
(44)
(104)
(121)
(55)
(281)
(7)
(103)
(1)
(239)
(2)
(19)
(114)
(103)
(1)
(100)
(824)
(160)
(215)
(218)
(229)
(3)
(1)
(279)
(3)
(41)
(15)
(30)
(4)
(2)
(75)
(3)
(510)
(44)
(27)
(74)
(113)
(5)
(30)
0 of 55
(1)
(662)
(5769)
(1)
(6)
(6)
(302)
(19)
(2)
(2)
(209)
(38)
(1750)
(16)
(2)
(1739)
(78)
(4)
(36)
(143)
(1)
(5)
(3)
(35)
(16)
(5926)
(1)
(1)
(890)
(406)
(1)
(16)
(2)
(4)
(10)
(400)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1284)
(8)
(713)
(1)
(7783)
(3410)
(294)
(1761)
(1)
(4)
(1010)
(82)
(1)
(35)
(190)
(2)
(189)
(23)
(2)
(5)
(1)
(282)
(281)
(5)
(34202)
(15)
(2)
(299)
(28)
(2)
(5)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(18)
(4)
(6)
(1023)
(6)
(1)
(914)
(12)
(1)
(87)
(820)
(2)
(407)
(4)
(3)
(134)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(79)
(5)
(6786)
(42)
(4)
(6481)
(114)
(1)
(13)
(238)
(54)
(1)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(16)
(14)
(422)
(295)
(1)
(330)
(293)
(31)
(17)
(174)
(2)
(73)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
0 of 125
(354)
(835)
(139)
(3058)
(917)
(3726)
(343)
(450)
(3807)
(526)
(309)
(659)
(228)
(1508)
(540)
(635)
(1268)
(1019)
(270)
(505)
(247)
(372)
(737)
(451)
(1272)
(613)
(311)
(1661)
(2365)
(195)
(162)
(432)
(228)
(138)
(1042)
(144)
(411)
(370)
(376)
(306)
(605)
(532)
(233)
(1336)
(232)
(209)
(146)
(298)
(188)
(640)
(170)
(1004)
(139)
(252)
(161)
(359)
(324)
(352)
(205)
(176)
(222)
(248)
(255)
(368)
(472)
(1187)
(411)
(1077)
(146)
(652)
(1388)
(1895)
(202)
(150)
(231)
(151)
(242)
(296)
(148)
(382)
(236)
(157)
(164)
(146)
(176)
(242)
(189)
(522)
(501)
(166)
(1357)
(184)
(211)
(154)
(309)
(146)
(165)
(151)
(209)
(248)
(144)
(1008)
(341)
(150)
(502)
(187)
(1209)
(147)
(158)
(1276)
(140)
(159)
(157)
(277)
(238)
(197)
(140)
(140)
(297)
(255)
(184)
(612)
(167)
(513)
(1398)
(218)
(513)
(140)
(172)
(462)
(347)
(1039)
(186)
(404)
(456)
(264)
(294)
(422)
(594)
(177)
(356)
(159)
(485)
(257)
(413)
(534)
(200)
(141)
(143)
(198)
(376)
(674)
(232)
(259)
(539)
(319)
(386)
(196)
(212)
(695)
(383)
(301)
(1268)
(266)
(184)
(171)
(248)
(164)
(142)
(170)
(139)
(179)
(249)
(149)
(463)
(404)
(353)
(514)
(1340)
(183)
(151)
(292)
(743)
(154)
(163)
(207)
(235)
(147)
(349)
(234)
(329)
(241)
(1462)
(251)
(715)
(141)
(888)
(303)
(556)
(1443)
(294)
(1645)
(151)
(381)
(1283)
(157)
(192)
(435)
(198)
(208)
(341)
(255)
(143)
(248)
(264)
(151)
(151)
(166)
(182)
(145)
(171)
(609)
(1293)
(184)
(367)
(153)
(159)
(263)
(320)
(247)
(146)
(264)
(179)
(164)
(407)
(158)
(759)
(224)
(297)
(630)
(252)
(630)
(412)
(162)
(532)
(257)
(600)
(231)
(1088)
(461)
(562)
(228)
(1122)
(1947)
(172)
(446)
(228)
(212)
(242)
(239)
(266)
(207)
(505)
(183)
(922)
(230)
(199)
(152)
(165)
(182)
(149)
(791)
(293)
(390)
(293)
(284)
(317)
(962)
(255)
(776)
(206)
(144)
(189)
(170)
(396)
(167)
(831)
(539)
(417)
(269)
(252)
(176)
(200)
(4750)
(539)
(204)
(382)
(315)
(306)
(322)
(887)
(909)
(643)
(2126)
(292)
(170)
(238)
(220)
(1354)
(2013)
(154)
(2582)
(3845)
(1020)
(820)
(200)
(206)
(149)
(263)
(235)
(569)
(671)
(671)
(1775)
(1305)
(537)
(325)
(208)
(676)
(496)
(239)
(677)
(211)
(897)
(373)
(221)
(222)
(204)
(251)
(254)
(192)
(145)
(143)
(173)
(169)
(359)
(239)
(192)
(204)
(407)
(396)
(169)
(531)
(310)
(205)
(739)
(161)
(334)
(383)
(233)
(422)
(168)
(360)
(265)
(252)
(188)
(400)
(306)
(189)
(312)
(230)
(184)
(159)
(195)
(217)
(1053)
(773)
(377)
(1795)
(488)
(491)
(505)
(218)
(381)
(671)
(140)
(288)
(971)
(218)
(220)
(567)
(197)
(287)
(617)
(437)
(1096)
(1300)
(343)
(387)
(256)
(177)
(790)
(295)
(206)
(175)
(215)
(157)
(172)
(512)
(301)
(315)
(155)
(198)
(287)
(246)
(174)
(476)
(160)
(201)
(199)
(173)
(245)
(4695)
(215)
(155)
(156)
(226)
(195)
(227)
(579)
(142)
(428)
(204)
(248)
(170)
(442)
(215)
(358)
(160)
(188)
(473)
(506)
(195)
(202)
(262)
(171)
(252)
(950)
(215)
(181)
(180)
(307)
(446)
(395)
(566)
(150)
(216)
(316)
(406)
(355)
(151)
(655)
(7051)
(2143)
(4695)
(297)
(567)
(433)
(184)
(248)
(169)
(598)
(282)
(307)
(138)
(223)
(816)
(421)
(2391)
(323)
(1058)
(160)
(321)
(157)
(314)
(247)
(141)
(207)
(158)
(213)
(139)
(168)
(162)
(279)
(296)
(254)
(157)
(755)
(231)
(158)
(446)
(242)
(285)
(516)
(436)
(780)
(1115)
(256)
(675)
(658)
(161)
(980)
(213)
(385)
(351)
(267)
(144)
(164)
(292)
(275)
(284)
(148)
(256)
(257)
(1140)
(181)
(391)
(148)
(256)
(147)
(213)
(200)
(256)
(257)
(310)
(162)
(465)
(539)
(201)
(524)
(170)
(267)
(2623)
(897)
(230)
(186)
(147)
(374)
(283)
(270)
(235)
(181)
(165)
(622)
(149)
(140)
(154)
(175)
(174)
(607)
(239)
(165)
(140)
(159)
(177)
(179)
(542)
(308)
(168)
(169)
(929)
(772)
(229)
(1006)
(630)
(2586)
(160)
(2421)
(190)
(232)
(166)
(540)
(534)
(419)
(362)
(443)
(154)
(340)
(546)
(1054)
(1105)
(284)
(186)
(806)
(487)
(247)
(281)
(146)
(159)
(468)
(765)
(272)
(456)
(925)
(1528)
(143)
(5913)
(793)
(163)
(1476)
(2180)
(1706)
(706)
(1626)
(154)
(320)
(347)
(1279)
(193)
(211)
(192)
(163)
(306)
(291)
(175)
(692)
(357)
(206)
(237)
(693)
(511)
(348)
(185)
(797)
(560)
(155)
(432)
(342)
(603)
(783)
(1072)
(1668)
(368)
(441)
(468)
(567)
(360)
(173)
(202)
(153)
(1300)
(397)
(467)
(259)
(139)
(139)
(334)
(207)
(681)
(666)
(3600)
(1958)
(1796)
(606)
(287)
(234)
(779)
(515)
(297)
(147)
(172)
(337)
(151)
(647)
(197)
(160)
(147)
(181)
(212)
(169)
(801)
(286)
(176)
(165)
(333)
(382)
(139)
(139)
(788)
(244)
(2240)
(206)
(160)
(205)
(333)
(142)
(167)
(182)
(251)
(254)
(942)
(795)
(1882)
(772)
(258)
(395)
(204)
(146)
(141)
(265)
(179)
(160)
(198)
(403)
(161)
(180)
(451)
(286)
(297)
(640)
(359)
(217)
(286)
(501)
(206)
(145)
(595)
(193)
(153)
(288)
(158)
(235)
(200)
(337)
(212)
(151)
(149)
(271)
(891)
(158)
(491)
(214)
(205)
(157)
(251)
(197)
(262)
(477)
(321)
(890)
(1260)
(689)
(374)
(173)
(179)
(193)
(338)
(345)
(222)
(197)
(399)
(403)
(350)
(875)
(438)
(193)
(141)
(150)
(456)
(597)
(808)
(339)
(820)
(2764)
(155)
(284)
(886)
(238)
(1382)
(509)
(755)
(207)
(331)
(265)
(242)
(217)
(421)
(181)
(435)
(274)
(259)
(139)
(274)
(188)
(177)
(426)
(863)
(453)
(935)
(397)
(152)
(213)
(195)
(200)
(755)
(240)
(156)
(346)
(202)
(1076)
(500)
(749)
(2984)
(257)
(490)
(2354)
(256)
(2266)
(3410)
(171)
(139)
(374)
(154)
(241)
(235)
(177)
(146)
(299)
(1046)
(217)
(1117)
(358)
(805)
(1392)
(450)
(349)
(210)
(195)
(2895)
(310)
(2135)
(3340)
(1486)
(159)
(2410)
(1328)
(1082)
(325)
(1464)
(192)
(310)
(745)
(142)
(310)
(421)
(200)
(616)
(235)
(233)
(164)
(210)
(222)
(860)
(352)
(452)
(260)
(325)
(303)
(220)
(254)
(339)
(713)
(414)
(147)
(265)
(240)
(177)
(226)
(194)
(299)
(580)
(201)
(484)
(629)
(246)
(589)
(209)
(328)
(696)
(1124)
(3487)
(934)
(198)
(193)
(139)
(1816)
(490)
(1276)
(434)
(306)
(258)
(238)
(258)
(157)
(262)
(144)
(139)
(285)
(476)
(292)
(886)
(415)
(353)
(207)
(152)
(1273)
(633)
(625)
(3806)
(290)
(210)
(929)
(3633)
(461)
(329)
(593)
(244)
(160)
(739)
(613)
(452)
(1676)
(311)
(468)
(266)
(146)
(412)
(155)
(1271)
(208)
(199)
(904)
(376)
(245)
(318)
(163)
(184)
(146)
(178)
(234)
(222)
(589)
(159)
(139)
(182)
(184)
(224)
(314)
(336)
(162)
(2995)
(2063)
(197)
(474)
(174)
(431)
(313)
(1921)
(1555)
(144)
(3037)
(255)
(1869)
(236)
(1775)
(3135)
(919)
(951)
(2126)
(180)
(4163)
(372)
(247)
(171)
(506)
(1577)
(626)
(336)
(178)
(225)
(203)
(177)
(158)
(228)
(198)
(193)
(327)
(182)
(156)
(240)
0 of 1000
(1)
(1)
(1)
0 of 3
Showing 321 - 340 of 83631 results
  • Assessment of Optical Light Microscopy for Classification of Real Coal Mine Dust Samples
    Assessment of Optical Light Microscopy for Classification of Real Coal Mine Dust Samples
    Santa, Nestor ;
    Jaramillo, Lizeth
    2026/01/01 | Minerals 2026 Jan; 16(1):15 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Occupational exposure to respirable coal mine dust remains a significant health risk, especially for underground workers. Rapid dust monitoring methods are sought to support timely identification of hazards and corrective actions. Recent research has investigated how optical light microscopy (OLM) with automated image processing might meet this nee ...
    Peer Reviewed
  • World Trade Center Disaster A Qualitative Study of Older Enrollees in the World Trade Center Health Registry abstract
    World Trade Center Disaster: A Qualitative Study of Older Enrollees in the World Trade Center Health Registry [abstract]
    Brackbill, Robert M. ;
    Merdjanoff, Alexis
    2025/12/31 | Innov Aging 2025 Dec; 9(S2):878 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    The World Trade Center disaster on September 11, 2001 has had long-lasting effects on the health and quality of life of those exposed to the disaster, including lung problems, GERD, cardiovascular diseases, PTSD, depression and other ailments that are likely to worsen with age. The World Trade Center Health Registry, a longitudinal exposure cohort ...
  • Artificial Intelligence in the Workplace A Living Systematic Review Protocol on Worker Safety Health and WellBeing Implications
    Artificial Intelligence in the Workplace: A Living Systematic Review Protocol on Worker Safety, Health, and Well-Being Implications
    Jetha, Arif ;
    Crouch, Meghan
    2025/12/30 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Background: Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) are transforming employment and working conditions in ways that shape the safety, health, and well-being of workers. We describe a protocol for a living systematic review (LSR) that will examine the interrelationship between AI systems, employment and working conditions, and worker safety, he ...
    Peer Reviewed
  • Flow Imaging MicroscopyBased Method for Rapid HighThroughput Measurement of Fiber Count and Length Distributions in Air
    Flow Imaging Microscopy-Based Method for Rapid, High-Throughput Measurement of Fiber Count and Length Distributions in Air
    Ku, Bon K. ;
    Kulkarni, Pramod
    2025/12/27 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Assessing airborne fiber length and number in air samples is crucial for evaluating workplace exposure to asbestos and elongate mineral particles (EMPs). Growing concerns about noncommercial EMPs highlight the need for efficient monitoring methods. Phase Contrast Microscopy (PCM), used in the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (N ...
    Public Domain Peer Reviewed
  • Efficacy of Placing Tape Over GloveProtective Clothing Interface to Prevent Fluid Leakage
    Efficacy of Placing Tape Over Glove-Protective Clothing Interface to Prevent Fluid Leakage
    Kahveci, Zafer ;
    Yorio, Patrick L.
    2025/12/26 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Background: Personal protective equipment (PPE) is crucial for healthcare personnel to protect against infections from exposure to body fluids containing bloodborne pathogens such as Ebola, HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. Despite advancements in PPE materials, interface regions, particularly the junction between gloves and protective clothing, r ...
    Public Domain Peer Reviewed
  • Nonfatal WorkRelated Injuries Treated in Hospital Emergency Departments in the US 20122023
    Nonfatal Work-Related Injuries Treated in Hospital Emergency Departments in the U.S., 2012-2023
    Marsh, Suzanne M. ;
    Derk, Susan J.
    2025/12/26 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Introduction: Work-related injury surveillance is an important mechanism to measure occupational injuries and exposures. Although there is no single source of nonfatal occupational injury surveillance data, the Occupational Supplement to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS-Work) has been used for many years. Calendar year 2023 ...
    Public Domain Peer Reviewed
  • The Predictive Value of Cardiovascular Disease for Shoulder Injuries in a Retrospective Cohort Study
    The Predictive Value of Cardiovascular Disease for Shoulder Injuries in a Retrospective Cohort Study
    Thiese, Matthew S. ;
    Claflin, Spencer
    2025/12/23 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Objective: To assess predictive relationship that cardiovascular disease (CVD) has on work-related shoulder injuries. Methods: This retrospective cohort study quantifies relationships between CVD risk and subsequent incident cases of shoulder-related worker compensation (WC) claims in a large cohort of 34,369 commercial drivers. CVD risk was assess ...
    Peer Reviewed
  • Association of COVID19 Severity with Comorbidities Results from the World Trade Center Health Registry
    Association of COVID-19 Severity with Comorbidities: Results from the World Trade Center Health Registry
    Yung, Janette ;
    Kehm, Rebecca D.
    2025/12/20 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    The impact of physical health conditions on coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) severity in World Trade Center disaster-exposed populations remains understudied. We examined the association of type, number and diagnosis time of pre-existing health conditions with COVID-19 severity, using the WTC Health Registry (WTCHR). We analyzed 3568 WTCHR en ...
    Peer Reviewed
  • Ability of Basic Physiological Monitoring to Identify Excessive Occupational Heat Strain
    Ability of Basic Physiological Monitoring to Identify Excessive Occupational Heat Strain
    Bernard, Thomas E. ;
    Ashley, Candi D.
    2025/12/19 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Objective: This study assessed the ability of basic physiological metrics to differentiate between acceptable and unacceptable heat strain. Methods: A database of final core temperature (Tre), heart rate (HR), and skin temperature (Tsk) for 880 heat stress trials over a wide range of heat stress and clothing was created. Three case definitions base ...
    Peer Reviewed
  • Coal Workers PneumoconiosisAssociated Deaths United States 20202023
    Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis-Associated Deaths — United States, 2020-2023
    Mazurek, Jacek M. ;
    Dodd, Katelynn E.
    2025/12/18 | Mining Publications
    What is already known about this topic? Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) is an occupational lung disease caused by inhaling coal mine dust. Although the disease is preventable, new cases and CWP-associated deaths continue to occur. What is added by this report? In this exploratory analysis of 2020-2023 national cause-of-death data, 1,754 deaths a ...
    Public Domain
  • Longitudinal Study of Smoking Cessation among World Trade Center Health Registry Enrollees 20032021
    Longitudinal Study of Smoking Cessation among World Trade Center Health Registry Enrollees, 2003-2021
    Sirbu, Laura ;
    Sisti, Julia S.
    2025/12/17 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Background: Individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are more likely to smoke and less likely to quit smoking than people without the condition. Building upon previous research, we examined associations between probable PTSD and smoking cessation among World Trade Center Health Registry (WTCHR) enrollees, who have a relatively high pr ...
    Peer Reviewed
  • Updating the Epidemiology of Blastomycosis and Histoplasmosis in the United States Using National Electronic Health Record Data 20132023
    Updating the Epidemiology of Blastomycosis and Histoplasmosis in the United States, Using National Electronic Health Record Data, 2013-2023
    Bartels, Juliana G. E. ;
    Camponuri, Simon K.
    2025/12/15 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Background: Where surveillance data are limited, nationally representative electronic health records allow for geographic, temporal, and demographic characterization of the fungal diseases blastomycosis and histoplasmosis. Methods: We identified incident blastomycosis and histoplasmosis cases from 2013 to 2023 within Oracle EHR Real-World Data, whi ...
    Peer Reviewed
  • Linguistic Predictors of Response to InternetBased Written CBT for PTSD Symptoms of 911 World Trade Center Recovery Workers and Survivors
    Linguistic Predictors of Response to Internet-Based Written CBT for PTSD Symptoms of 9/11 World Trade Center Recovery Workers and Survivors
    Leska, Tomasina ;
    Schreiber, Zoe
    2025/12/15 | J Affect Disord 2025 Dec; 391:119828 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT) are the mainstay of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment, but treatment response is heterogeneous. We used automated linguistic analysis to identify markers of PTSD symptom improvement in response to integrative testimonial therapy (ITT), an internet-based, therapist-assisted written CBT ...
    Peer Reviewed
  • Asthma Prevalence and Risk Factors Among Farmers in the Midwestern United States Analysis of Regional Surveillance Data preprint
    Asthma Prevalence and Risk Factors Among Farmers in the Midwestern United States: Analysis of Regional Surveillance Data [preprint]
    Orji, Ikenna ;
    Du, Yi
    2025/12/12 | J Occup Environ Med 2025 Dec; :Epub ahead of print | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Objectives: This study examined the prevalence and risk factors for asthma among farm and ranch operators in seven Midwestern States, using surveillance data from 2018, 2020, and 2023. Methods: Regression models were developed to identify predictors of asthma, including demographic factors, agricultural exposures, and physical activity. Results: Th ...
    Peer Reviewed
  • Associations of Employment Factors with Cardiovascular Disease in a National Sample of US Firefighters Findings from the National Health Interview Survey preprint
    Associations of Employment Factors with Cardiovascular Disease in a National Sample of U.S. Firefighters: Findings from the National Health Interview Survey [preprint]
    Abasilim, Chibuzor ;
    Ogungbe, Oluwabunmi
    2025/12/10 | J Occup Environ Med 2025 Dec; :Epub ahead of print | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Background: We explored whether employment factors were associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a nationally representative sample of U.S. firefighters. Methods: In the National Health Interview Survey, we estimated associations using survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression models. Results: Firefighters employed for 20 o ...
    Peer Reviewed
  • Evaluating the Interference Potential of Minerals in Infrared AbsorbanceBased Quantification of Respirable Crystalline Silica in Mine Dusts
    Evaluating the Interference Potential of Minerals in Infrared Absorbance-Based Quantification of Respirable Crystalline Silica in Mine Dusts
    Parks, David A. ;
    Finley, Seth A.
    2025/12/09 | Mining Publications
    Miners face a variety of respiratory hazards on the job, including exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS), which can lead to adverse health outcomes such as silicosis and lung cancer-both potentially fatal lung diseases. Infrared spectrometry offers the possibility of portable end-of-shift quantification of RCS at mine sites. However, some ...
    Public Domain Peer Reviewed
  • To Rotate or Not to Rotate How Does Job Rotation Impact Musculoskeletal Disorder Risk
    To Rotate or Not to Rotate - How Does Job Rotation Impact Musculoskeletal Disorder Risk?
    Jorgensen, Michael J. ;
    Davis, Kermit G.
    2025/12/08 | Human factors in design, engineering, and computing: Proceedings of the AHFE International Conference on Human Factors in Design, Engineering, and Computing (AHFE 2025 Hawaii Edition), December 8-10, 2025, Honolulu, Hawaii. Ahram T, Karwowski W, Kalra J eds. Orlando, FL: Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE) International, 2025 Dec; 199:2384-2394 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    To address work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs; e.g., carpal tunnel syndrome), some companies utilize job rotation, systematically rotating workers through different jobs within a workday. Prior research suggests that while job rotation may decrease WMSD risk for some workers, other workers may see their risk increase. There is a lack of ...
  • Considering Human Factors During Firefighter Fatality Investigations Insights from Public Feedback
    Considering Human Factors During Firefighter Fatality Investigations: Insights from Public Feedback
    Haas, Emily J. ;
    Robinson, Tashina
    2025/12/07 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Introduction: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program investigates firefighter line-of-duty-deaths (LODD) and serious injuries to help prevent incidents. In addition to physical hazards, human factors like situational awareness, mental workload, fatigue, culture, a ...
    Public Domain Peer Reviewed
  • Changets in Lung Function and Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Across Wildfire Seasons in the Wildland Firefighter Exposure and Health Effect WFFEHE Study
    Changets in Lung Function and Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Across Wildfire Seasons in the Wildland Firefighter Exposure and Health Effect (WFFEHE) Study
    Wu, Chieh-Ming ;
    Clark, Kathleen A.
    2025/12/05 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Introduction: Long-term pulmonary effects of wildland firefighting are unclear even though lung function declines have been observed following wildfire season and firefighting shift. Methods: Spirometry and airway inflammation indicated as fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were measured among 152 wildland firefighters (WFFs) at the beginning ( ...
    Public Domain Peer Reviewed
  • Drinking Water Nitrate Disinfection Byproducts and Prostate Cancer Incidence in the Agricultural Health Study
    Drinking Water Nitrate, Disinfection Byproducts, and Prostate Cancer Incidence in the Agricultural Health Study
    Spaur, Maya ;
    Koutros, Stella
    2025/12/05 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Background: Drinking water can be an important source of exposure to nitrate and disinfection by-products, including trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). N-nitroso compounds formed endogenously after nitrate ingestion are animal carcinogens, and THM and HAA exposures increase the risk of some cancers. Our objectives were to evaluate ...
    Peer Reviewed
321 - 340 / 83631
 Was this page helpful?
 Found an issue?
Send us an email at: publishinghd@cdc.gov