U.S. flag An official website of the United States government.
Official websites use .gov

A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS

A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

CDC Stacks Public Health Publications

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducts research and makes recommendations for preventing work-related injuries, illnesses, and deaths. For more information, visit https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/index.html.

(381)
(1083)
(1277)
(1653)
(1918)
(2668)
(2165)
(2171)
(2192)
(2023)
(2295)
(2186)
(2186)
(1947)
(1956)
(1864)
(1814)
(1892)
(1854)
(2016)
(1832)
(1772)
(1789)
(1590)
(1440)
(1339)
(1051)
(1127)
(1103)
(946)
(1158)
(1315)
(1238)
(1327)
(1187)
(1405)
(1036)
(1170)
(1171)
(1213)
(1055)
(1184)
(1316)
(1467)
(1471)
(1457)
(1275)
(1229)
(1334)
(1433)
(1233)
(1062)
(1077)
(826)
(603)
(527)
(112)
(50)
(32)
(40)
(31)
(34)
(23)
(13)
(6)
(7)
(6)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(38)
0 of 89
(1)
(608)
(13)
(2)
(1)
(133)
(1)
(89)
(3)
(467)
(1)
(3)
(181)
(79)
(5)
(67)
(57)
(11)
(7)
(1118)
(18)
(386)
(5)
(79418)
(1)
(4)
0 of 26
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(5)
(853)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(717)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(851)
(1)
(245)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(2)
(97)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(67)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(57)
(1)
(8)
(7)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6030)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(7)
(2)
(180)
(1)
(1)
(28)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3532)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(2)
(1)
(10)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(956)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(60)
(3)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(95)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(39)
(1)
(44)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2471)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(2)
(1925)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2409)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(46)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(159)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(386)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2294)
(1057)
(1)
(4)
(1754)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(232)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(35)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1539)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(11)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(735)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(288)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4602)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(4066)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2615)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2060)
(1)
(1)
(252)
(1)
(1)
(1112)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(379)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(633)
(1)
(562)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(225)
(1189)
(2)
(580)
(4)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(4802)
(17)
(1)
(8)
(4)
(102)
(7)
(85)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(6)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2770)
(1)
(133)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(14756)
(1)
(514)
(2)
(1)
(1441)
(3)
(2)
(5411)
(5758)
(24265)
(9539)
(22058)
(4242)
(3475)
(1)
(5406)
(7258)
(6860)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(8421)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(13)
(245)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(9)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(7)
(100)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(162)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(5)
(140)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(489)
(183)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(627)
(1)
(2548)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(17)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1333)
(1)
(1)
(1363)
(1)
(2)
(211)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1830)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(4880)
(14)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(10962)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1375)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(83)
(5)
(2)
(1)
(299)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
0 of 844
(29)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(728)
(282)
(3520)
(808)
(2063)
(1)
(3837)
(587)
(1)
(16444)
(11)
(1)
(22)
(1)
(132)
(3696)
(22)
(12)
(17)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(24)
(15)
(18)
(50)
(1)
(557)
(4)
0 of 36
(1)
(1)
(1)
(49)
(21)
(125)
(24)
(89)
(4)
(106)
(67)
(11)
(1)
(663)
(1)
(1)
(81)
(41)
(26)
(2548)
(1)
(21)
(1162)
(15)
(122)
(14)
(1)
(31)
(1)
(633)
(9)
(3)
(2842)
(11)
(2)
(2571)
(10)
(11)
(4)
(151)
(2179)
(114)
(4)
(105)
(13)
(169)
(175)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(37)
(2)
(5)
0 of 53
(68)
(6)
(5)
(1157)
(30)
(7)
(5013)
(4)
(5754)
(8705)
(11)
(26)
(121)
(19)
(5)
(25)
(43)
(37)
(26)
(74)
(207)
(4)
(151)
(66)
(6)
(27)
(5)
(104)
(5)
(5)
(646)
(26)
(104)
(32)
(6)
(2080)
(51)
(34)
(6)
(1885)
(1920)
(5)
(4)
(4)
(17)
(5)
(4443)
(10)
(59)
(319)
(6)
(710)
(10)
(5014)
(6)
(1254)
(2456)
(7)
(52)
(10)
(21)
(238)
(166)
(35)
(9)
(32)
(252)
(20)
(388)
(33)
(24)
(158)
(65)
(48)
(5)
(15)
(54)
(147)
(11)
(37)
(161)
(3168)
(60)
(4)
(15)
(78)
(5)
(218)
(151)
(39)
(87)
(238)
(4)
(4)
(256)
(15)
(106)
(967)
(4)
(1241)
(1251)
(39)
(106)
(4)
(236)
(15)
(1941)
(52)
(26)
(6)
(7)
(4)
(4)
(219)
(183)
(1807)
(5)
(201)
(13)
(25)
(6)
(223)
(85)
(534)
(359)
(362)
(6)
(148)
(99)
(19)
(1232)
(1281)
(230)
(10)
(20)
(1666)
(187)
(133)
(89)
(68)
(346)
(10)
(4)
(23)
(23)
(61)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(60)
(4)
(207)
(64)
(189)
(34)
(186)
(33)
(69)
(4)
(31)
(6)
(119)
(6)
(225)
(5)
(1951)
(1533)
(4)
(1876)
(8)
(546)
(66)
(28)
(74)
(52)
(414)
(5)
(28)
(92)
(5)
(36)
(8)
(18)
(66)
(2667)
(492)
(29)
(13)
(27)
(107)
(231)
(7)
(6)
(9)
(56)
(26)
(337)
(20)
(267)
(150)
(242)
(4)
(4)
(315)
(5)
(108)
(62)
(3132)
(7)
(12)
(7)
(2808)
(46)
(9)
(4)
(37)
(794)
(79)
(5)
(6)
(53)
(201)
(13)
(150)
(1656)
(144)
(155)
(234)
(521)
(376)
(4187)
(509)
(4)
(9)
(5)
(44)
(179)
(26)
(76)
(10)
(92)
(10)
(42)
(67)
(32)
(144)
(4)
(22)
(14)
(4)
(31)
(5)
(456)
(25)
(42)
(6)
(62)
(7)
(193)
(510)
(170)
(165)
(6)
(8)
(7)
(10)
(309)
(18)
(6)
(559)
(1926)
(19)
(156)
(6)
(646)
(44)
(33)
(29)
(71)
(665)
(4)
(298)
(344)
(295)
(82)
(4)
(297)
(36)
(8)
(8)
(32)
(5)
(44)
(242)
(5)
(186)
(6)
(34)
(34)
(52)
(13)
(8)
(7)
(166)
(6641)
(26)
(4)
(622)
(8)
(18)
(6)
(25)
(309)
(2305)
(5)
(37)
(360)
(679)
(4)
(4)
(1024)
(8)
(26)
(54)
(166)
(85)
(44)
(15)
(791)
(5)
(2209)
(5)
(361)
(6)
(46)
(385)
(49)
(308)
(1054)
(23)
(1644)
(5)
(460)
(4710)
(9)
(1340)
(7)
(6738)
(13)
(1571)
(7)
(522)
(9)
(8)
(5251)
(12)
(5)
(28)
(110)
(9)
(6)
(15)
(24)
(2313)
(46)
(63)
(13)
(35)
(4)
(68)
(5)
(13)
(4)
(6)
(5)
(23)
(82)
(8)
(4)
(642)
(153)
(5)
(432)
(104)
(242)
(16)
(743)
(2349)
(10)
(668)
(21)
(23)
(125)
(6)
(345)
(34)
(64)
(340)
(263)
(4)
(15)
(1910)
(1243)
(111)
(34)
(21)
(51)
(5)
(37)
(16)
(24)
(8)
(4)
(4)
(384)
(100)
(49)
(428)
(557)
(7)
(607)
(344)
(4)
(166)
(11)
(5)
(289)
(50)
(646)
(119)
(21)
(5)
(5)
(4)
(4)
(1198)
(38)
(551)
(209)
(5)
(53)
(135)
(75)
(5)
(65)
(16)
(113)
(5)
(16)
(4)
(6236)
(32)
(51)
(4)
(53)
(4)
(9)
(10)
(322)
(2289)
(12)
(14)
(10)
(3308)
(16)
(11)
(1420)
(6)
(5)
(8)
(11)
(8)
(162)
(887)
(1078)
(1161)
(23)
(6)
(4)
(39)
(7)
(535)
(475)
(869)
(30)
(21)
(5)
(4)
(194)
(38)
(13)
(42)
(96)
(5)
(59)
(62)
(78)
(9)
(142)
(6)
(233)
(894)
(5)
(55)
(19)
(296)
(317)
(460)
(5)
(1139)
(11)
(17)
(9)
(4)
(15)
(43)
(4)
(1529)
(4)
(6)
(26)
(1426)
(4)
(4)
(12)
(17)
(30)
(12)
(4)
(23)
(16)
(4)
(22)
(14)
(55)
(31)
(7)
(36)
(16)
(5)
(7)
(8)
(111)
(37)
(509)
(4)
(9)
(5)
(8)
(58)
(1124)
(73)
(5)
(1459)
(6)
(75)
(75)
(7)
(5)
(1335)
(412)
(5)
(122)
(5287)
(48)
(641)
(1089)
(353)
(5)
(180)
(5)
(229)
(330)
(352)
(10)
(72)
(8)
(47)
(5232)
(3756)
(7)
(5)
(5)
(11)
(9)
(59)
(127)
(9)
(21)
(117)
(352)
(139)
(227)
(4431)
(18)
(10)
(100)
(11)
(159)
(19)
(30)
(28)
(41)
(2672)
(29)
(369)
(2774)
(195)
(2490)
(787)
(1021)
(30)
(62)
(11)
(276)
(22)
(15)
(10)
(5)
(20)
(6)
(39)
(6)
(23)
(12)
(1065)
(82)
(42)
(7)
(12)
(7)
(16)
(28)
(689)
(19)
(62)
(8)
(6)
(8674)
(5)
(103)
(11)
(847)
(8)
(3598)
(6)
(9)
(62)
(6)
(3056)
(3225)
(338)
(64)
(21)
(17)
(14)
(9)
(9)
(37)
(39)
(16)
(11)
(6)
(188)
(5)
(3080)
(18)
(3165)
(827)
(117)
(198)
(76)
(328)
(70)
(50)
(38)
(70)
(166)
(39)
(107)
(39)
(24)
(2140)
(1495)
(7)
(17)
(5)
(166)
(26)
(6)
(164)
(89)
(51)
(8)
(7)
(7)
(1127)
(5)
(15)
(7)
(59)
(9050)
(52)
(91)
(16)
(5)
(77883)
(15)
(17)
(1028)
(5)
(28)
(5)
(5)
(7)
(5)
(5)
(25)
(9)
(8)
(274)
(36)
(6)
(300)
(5)
(6)
(125)
(7)
(119)
(123)
(603)
(94)
(7)
(79)
(8)
(9)
(4799)
(370)
(7)
(28)
(41)
(6030)
(6)
(5)
(18)
(204)
(36)
(95)
(153)
(13)
(87)
(51)
(29)
(92)
(6)
(5)
(10)
(6)
(442)
(22)
(72)
(12)
(5)
(7)
(12)
(692)
(11)
(175)
(501)
(194)
(10)
(40)
(54)
(21)
(49)
(6)
(8)
(13)
(31)
(28)
(47)
(1358)
(571)
(14)
(12)
(15)
(664)
(222)
(52)
(15)
(9)
(32)
(13)
(1261)
(37)
(1553)
(15)
(6)
(11)
(5)
(35)
(17)
(29)
(5)
(345)
(6)
(399)
(11)
(15)
(1307)
(1216)
(100)
(264)
(134)
(127)
(13)
(12)
(436)
(12)
(143)
(42)
(77)
(17)
(8)
(8)
(101)
(20)
(23)
(5)
(21)
(6)
(6)
(8)
(104)
(11)
(7)
(11)
(782)
(377)
(2002)
(7567)
(6936)
(7)
(8)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(7613)
(6071)
(7)
(5)
(186)
(6)
(77403)
(4640)
(6)
(30)
(14)
(7)
(55)
(7)
(79)
(1433)
(152)
(828)
(51)
(1133)
(515)
(219)
(5)
(81)
(1618)
(109)
(5)
(57)
(2248)
(381)
(19)
(793)
(18)
(5)
(729)
(608)
(246)
(365)
(8)
(954)
(16)
(13)
(26)
(1019)
(2060)
(34)
(9)
(178)
(88)
(15)
(11)
(5057)
(12)
(10)
(5)
(29)
(11)
(1579)
(121)
(7)
(162)
(171)
(140)
(50)
(58)
(153)
(51)
(32)
(101)
(3073)
(6)
(8)
(28)
(6)
(14)
(795)
(190)
(36)
(398)
(9)
(8)
(16)
(18)
(22)
(86)
(728)
(255)
(9)
(10)
(1733)
(32)
(5)
(752)
(7)
(61)
(42)
(98)
(26)
(125)
(30)
(17)
(18)
(132)
(9)
(15)
(664)
(866)
(1242)
(22)
(12)
(20)
(50)
(6)
(879)
(2944)
(110)
(668)
(52)
(434)
(531)
(7)
(7)
(18)
(65)
(5)
(300)
(61)
(23)
(30)
(302)
(5)
(121)
(691)
(100)
(3077)
(304)
(8)
(17)
(15)
(5)
(246)
(8912)
(11)
(11)
(39)
(10)
(8)
(121)
(40)
(7)
(81)
(14)
0 of 1000
(76)
(64)
(38)
(49)
(38)
(50)
(50)
(113)
(79)
(94)
(60)
(38)
(44)
(36)
(51)
(110)
(245)
(56)
(60)
(80)
(277)
(83)
(106)
(43)
(57)
(139)
(49)
(126)
(36)
(45)
(73)
(42)
(43)
(72)
(37)
(98)
(39)
(225)
(42)
(38)
(69)
(71)
(64)
(115)
(54)
(77)
(62)
(37)
(152)
(138)
(52)
(51)
(43)
(38)
(63)
(68)
(36)
(48)
(67)
(50)
(52)
(45)
(55)
(173)
(63)
(39)
(59)
(38)
(86)
(41)
(39)
(67)
(59)
(50)
(45)
(54)
(55)
(36)
(102)
(127)
(40)
(65)
(53)
(81)
(69)
(66)
(53)
(42)
(78)
(58)
(147)
(43)
(45)
(95)
(38)
(46)
(47)
(88)
(91)
(37)
(45)
(85)
(78)
(37)
(55)
(38)
(66)
(45)
(55)
(82)
(45)
(59)
(76)
(159)
(62)
(41)
(128)
(86)
(40)
(88)
(109)
(70)
(47)
(74)
(60)
(175)
(36)
(42)
(38)
(41)
(41)
(93)
(42)
(60)
(75)
(65)
(919)
(84)
(48)
(37)
(46)
(182)
(45)
(36)
(60)
(36)
(60)
(129)
(100)
(71)
(63)
(39)
(147)
(40)
(88)
(37)
(75)
(41)
(43)
(108)
(39)
(42)
(243)
(58)
(77)
(124)
(37)
(41)
(89)
(44)
(41)
(41)
(56)
(126)
(61)
(47)
(132)
(59)
(54)
(49)
(56)
(63)
(38)
(48)
(37)
(45)
(54)
(138)
(45)
(71)
(38)
(37)
(55)
(72)
(137)
(36)
(103)
(81)
(48)
(112)
(43)
(87)
(81)
(37)
(36)
(51)
(82)
(41)
(42)
(50)
(41)
(52)
(44)
(58)
(41)
(79)
(44)
(52)
(51)
(66)
(171)
(48)
(38)
(156)
(88)
(49)
(37)
(45)
(99)
(53)
(126)
(41)
(67)
(71)
(222)
(87)
(51)
(100)
(41)
(39)
(50)
(42)
(39)
(37)
(38)
(70)
(85)
(140)
(44)
(55)
(52)
(171)
(38)
(42)
(38)
(167)
(40)
(48)
(36)
(74)
(109)
(68)
(39)
(86)
(58)
(41)
(39)
(55)
(67)
(54)
(56)
(214)
(155)
(37)
(59)
(75)
(82)
(41)
(52)
(87)
(82)
(38)
(43)
(87)
(83)
(56)
(54)
(65)
(47)
(56)
(62)
(81)
(208)
(47)
(73)
(61)
(47)
(183)
(38)
(45)
(46)
(105)
(43)
(78)
(93)
(44)
(85)
(40)
(45)
(62)
(53)
(48)
(40)
(97)
(38)
(56)
(56)
(49)
(67)
(146)
(44)
(42)
(46)
(53)
(45)
(125)
(39)
(60)
(74)
(138)
(85)
(249)
(75)
(87)
(37)
(253)
(96)
(78)
(66)
(173)
(92)
(37)
(78)
(55)
(83)
(44)
(60)
(60)
(112)
(37)
(36)
(134)
(59)
(45)
(77)
(252)
(64)
(40)
(89)
(36)
(117)
(54)
(108)
(79)
(153)
(68)
(38)
(194)
(43)
(85)
(58)
(45)
(62)
(52)
(38)
(76)
(49)
(61)
(44)
(88)
(49)
(49)
(48)
(43)
(96)
(49)
(41)
(93)
(121)
(109)
(46)
(159)
(47)
(69)
(51)
(92)
(48)
(81)
(108)
(44)
(43)
(100)
(45)
(42)
(56)
(37)
(58)
(94)
(44)
(75)
(78)
(36)
(94)
(51)
(39)
(82)
(209)
(65)
(59)
(69)
(37)
(108)
(240)
(51)
(44)
(104)
(67)
(55)
(48)
(46)
(45)
(53)
(50)
(39)
(82)
(48)
(47)
(49)
(54)
(38)
(59)
(63)
(70)
(41)
(70)
(92)
(152)
(45)
(55)
(70)
(67)
(52)
(72)
(54)
(60)
(47)
(36)
(100)
(37)
(63)
(249)
(80)
(37)
(40)
(49)
(39)
(42)
(97)
(40)
(106)
(44)
(91)
(36)
(130)
(39)
(91)
(55)
(36)
(65)
(51)
(43)
(65)
(37)
(72)
(44)
(91)
(154)
(40)
(75)
(42)
(55)
(54)
(39)
(61)
(43)
(62)
(59)
(55)
(84)
(174)
(45)
(120)
(45)
(245)
(61)
(66)
(94)
(38)
(79)
(69)
(87)
(63)
(65)
(93)
(71)
(68)
(56)
(44)
(122)
(101)
(44)
(55)
(62)
(49)
(74)
(46)
(36)
(44)
(107)
(56)
(57)
(46)
(160)
(43)
(76)
(44)
(36)
(37)
(57)
(46)
(68)
(37)
(52)
(55)
(40)
(37)
(40)
(58)
(64)
(42)
(36)
(116)
(47)
(127)
(46)
(54)
(89)
(79)
(42)
(77)
(103)
(53)
(54)
(37)
(72)
(84)
(44)
(67)
(64)
(46)
(57)
(40)
(105)
(53)
(100)
(78)
(54)
(177)
(40)
(37)
(114)
(108)
(70)
(61)
(36)
(40)
(47)
(155)
(96)
(93)
(37)
(87)
(47)
(36)
(98)
(38)
(64)
(67)
(84)
(51)
(48)
(201)
(48)
(44)
(64)
(81)
(48)
(37)
(39)
(37)
(52)
(186)
(36)
(44)
(40)
(103)
(41)
(41)
(86)
(58)
(40)
(44)
(41)
(58)
(171)
(42)
(68)
(85)
(36)
(43)
(36)
(45)
(52)
(40)
(54)
(43)
(50)
(38)
(47)
(91)
(37)
(43)
(49)
(122)
(44)
(42)
(36)
(47)
(56)
(152)
(44)
(73)
(263)
(36)
(47)
(49)
(55)
(55)
(156)
(144)
(45)
(130)
(149)
(41)
(37)
(99)
(67)
(45)
(65)
(36)
(38)
(67)
(134)
(60)
(37)
(58)
(65)
(51)
(45)
(153)
(36)
(49)
(65)
(122)
(44)
(79)
(144)
(39)
(52)
(51)
(48)
(39)
(105)
(37)
(37)
(36)
(93)
(47)
(162)
(38)
(44)
(36)
(166)
(57)
(152)
(55)
(119)
(38)
(40)
(101)
(58)
(47)
(49)
(41)
(111)
(61)
(72)
(41)
(43)
(43)
(42)
(41)
(150)
(58)
(42)
(42)
(64)
(84)
(53)
(103)
(53)
(43)
(78)
(103)
(41)
(109)
(59)
(36)
(132)
(41)
(67)
(54)
(53)
(96)
(46)
(119)
(72)
(68)
(36)
(47)
(36)
(215)
(39)
(57)
(40)
(59)
(172)
(52)
(65)
(92)
(57)
(264)
(43)
(43)
(95)
(37)
(38)
(81)
(82)
(76)
(43)
(85)
(39)
(167)
(68)
(91)
(51)
(63)
(65)
(49)
(70)
(124)
(36)
(124)
(37)
(70)
(52)
(39)
(40)
(61)
(65)
(36)
(45)
(88)
(154)
(47)
(274)
(71)
(40)
(53)
(53)
(49)
(189)
(36)
(57)
(55)
(113)
(40)
(37)
(46)
(43)
(67)
(44)
(95)
(227)
(42)
(79)
(39)
(227)
(69)
(162)
(39)
(82)
(49)
(87)
(55)
(96)
(62)
(86)
(113)
(47)
(76)
(40)
(43)
(65)
(44)
(45)
(121)
(51)
(109)
(54)
(55)
(46)
(40)
(40)
(55)
(51)
(79)
(90)
(58)
(52)
(51)
(37)
(50)
(94)
(95)
(54)
(217)
(223)
(52)
(113)
(62)
(70)
(42)
(37)
(92)
(156)
(55)
(46)
(48)
(53)
(48)
(88)
(62)
(42)
(58)
(97)
(51)
(43)
(55)
(58)
(79)
(74)
(40)
(40)
(74)
(104)
(213)
(99)
(55)
(60)
(101)
(63)
(55)
(52)
(69)
(95)
(105)
(121)
(61)
(85)
(69)
(39)
(54)
(59)
(289)
(42)
(59)
(72)
(194)
(112)
(86)
(99)
(111)
(38)
(59)
(70)
(80)
(46)
(55)
(88)
(189)
(41)
(41)
(118)
(59)
(51)
(61)
(50)
(71)
(43)
(48)
(134)
(84)
(50)
(48)
(85)
(38)
(102)
(68)
(61)
(51)
(130)
(37)
(128)
(59)
(39)
(108)
(73)
(48)
(52)
(45)
(62)
(47)
(106)
(63)
(46)
(59)
(45)
(45)
(178)
(83)
(82)
(39)
(58)
(48)
(40)
(76)
(54)
(66)
(74)
(45)
(42)
(42)
(71)
(99)
(89)
(97)
(119)
(64)
(53)
(49)
(39)
(64)
(43)
(98)
(101)
(51)
(40)
(53)
(90)
(59)
(50)
(137)
(80)
(38)
(52)
(79)
(71)
(54)
0 of 1000
(1)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(10)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(64)
(1)
(65)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(18)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(68)
(85)
(1)
(125)
(117)
(1)
(1)
(270)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(69)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(21)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(146)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(9)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(44)
(2)
(1)
(7)
(3)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(57)
(1)
(48)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(18)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(685)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(5)
(63)
(45)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(2)
(8)
(35)
(9)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(5)
(105)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(8)
(2)
(1)
(26)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(31)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(7)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(19)
(10)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(20)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(14)
(14)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(191)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(3)
(23)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(134)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(231)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(11)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(13)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(39)
(1)
(2)
(21)
(21)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(245)
(1)
(52)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(217)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(228)
(48)
(53)
(1)
(210)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(188)
(3)
(184)
(47)
(47)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(35)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(23)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(6)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(54)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(14)
(12)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(9489)
(1)
(1)
(56)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(8)
(8)
(17)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(44)
(1)
(3)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(257)
(2)
(1)
(11)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(19)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(17)
(1)
(24)
(22)
(1)
(51)
(3)
(15)
(1)
(1)
(27)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(8)
(76)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(322)
(2)
(751)
(1)
(22)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(2)
(1)
(9)
(1)
(1)
(37)
(12)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(11)
(1)
(1)
(26)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(10)
(110)
(3)
(1)
(21)
(382)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(97)
(1)
(5)
(125)
(13)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(56)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(33)
(59)
(18)
(77)
(29)
(1)
(9)
(1)
(1)
(24)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(16)
(24)
(1)
(186)
(211)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(30)
(30)
(32)
(1)
(65)
(1)
(62)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(6)
(10)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(10)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(11)
(52)
(52)
(52)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(150)
(41)
(38)
(8)
(4)
(8)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(25)
(1)
(1)
(25)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(13)
(15)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(5)
(1)
(4)
(4)
(2064)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(5)
(2)
(1)
(19)
(1)
(13)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(12)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(68)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(12)
(4)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(19)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(20)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(38)
(94)
(283)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(84)
(8)
(2)
(19)
(1)
(4)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(14)
(7)
(1)
(2)
(715)
(127)
(49)
(48)
(2)
(4)
(34)
(34)
(2)
(34)
(12)
(106)
(106)
(2)
(14)
(2)
(2)
(5)
(5)
(2)
(45)
(45)
0 of 1000
(1)
(204)
(19)
(114)
(129)
(601)
(78)
(165)
(63)
(1)
(183)
(1)
(168)
(2319)
(979)
(10)
(62)
(257)
(700)
(1)
(115)
(1)
(1479)
(619)
(2268)
(224)
(7740)
(336)
(1)
(2911)
(6)
(196)
(341)
(33)
(1278)
(238)
(112)
(3)
(21)
(73)
(5134)
(5)
(51)
(116)
(4)
(26)
(95)
(1100)
(5)
(28)
(13)
(1)
(741)
(5)
(695)
(3)
(28)
(1362)
(4)
(9)
(47)
(2041)
(7)
(5)
(612)
(10)
(1)
(99)
(18)
(13)
(139)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1108)
(6)
(1)
(5)
(3453)
(1235)
(33)
(375)
(665)
(243)
(13)
(370)
(7)
(272)
(535)
(362)
(2)
(1017)
(12)
(327)
(7)
(49)
(1237)
(138)
(33)
(75)
0 of 101
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(589)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(4)
(8)
(4)
(35)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(108)
(4)
(909)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(17)
(1)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(420)
(6)
(6)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(76)
(2)
(2)
(67)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(184)
(3)
(2)
(18)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(35)
(2)
(27)
(2)
(3)
(228)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(28)
(2)
(19)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(38)
(1)
(27)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(56)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(831)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(4)
(7)
(7)
(1)
(2)
(13)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(9)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(8)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(6)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(13)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(6)
(9)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(11)
(2)
(7)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(155)
(29)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(13)
(1)
(3)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(4)
(20)
(3)
(1)
(6)
(2)
(7)
(8)
(1)
(40)
(8)
(5)
(1)
(12)
(6)
(19)
(2)
(4)
(5)
(8)
(1)
(4)
(33)
(5)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(25)
(10)
(1)
(3)
(8)
(3)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(14)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(10)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(7)
(18)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(6)
(8)
(5)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(19)
(3)
(3)
(7)
(6)
(3)
(4)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(15)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(4)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(29)
(3)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(3)
(27)
(20)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(4)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(63)
(1)
(1)
(43)
(1)
(31)
(2)
(7)
(13)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(11)
(30)
(8)
(6)
(1)
(3)
(5)
(1)
(36)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(31)
(2)
(1)
(107)
(4)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(11)
(3)
(32)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(1)
(15)
(1)
(41)
(1)
(14)
(1)
(2)
(39)
(1)
(5)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(8)
(20)
(2)
(83)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(17)
(25)
(1)
(3)
(7)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(6)
(5)
(4)
(1)
(16)
(10)
(14)
(1)
(5)
(4)
(12)
(3)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(5)
(5)
(11)
(5)
(1)
(47)
(10)
(20)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(54)
(1)
(8)
(3)
(6)
(9)
(32)
(1)
(2)
(17)
(2)
(8)
(2)
(24)
(24)
(35)
(7)
(3)
(3)
(11)
(12)
(2)
(3)
(6)
(5)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(2)
(8)
(4)
(13)
(5)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(6)
(2)
(8)
(3)
(29)
(15)
(6)
(2)
(4)
(5)
(3)
(10)
(6)
(12)
(10)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(9)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(4)
(10)
(3)
(8)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(2)
(6)
(3)
(4)
(8)
(5)
(12)
(2)
(2)
(6)
(8)
(6)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(6)
(8)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(63)
(10)
(4)
(2)
(14)
(20)
(2)
(2)
(9)
(4)
(4)
(23)
(7)
(68)
(2)
(2)
(16)
(11)
(17)
(47)
(36)
(9)
(4)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(7)
(19)
(12)
(2)
(2)
(9)
(3)
(7)
(2)
(4)
(10)
(4)
(8)
(7)
(7)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(6)
(38)
(4)
(2)
(6)
(4)
(13)
(11)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(17)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(44)
(11)
(5)
(15)
(35)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(7)
(2)
(2)
(8)
(16)
(2)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(14)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(5)
(60)
(2)
(10)
(4)
(4)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(8)
(3)
(8)
(5)
(2)
(10)
(3)
(6)
(2)
(6)
(16)
(2)
(3)
(15)
(2)
(10)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(13)
(21)
(47)
(8)
(6)
(2)
(5)
(143)
(9)
(2)
(3)
(9)
(22)
(9)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(59)
(2)
(41)
(5)
(5)
(9)
(6)
(2)
(6)
(3)
(4)
(8)
(2)
(4)
(6)
(4)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(7)
(3)
(14)
(7)
(3)
(44)
(4)
(23)
(24)
(2)
(5)
(7)
(51)
(2)
(3)
(14)
(2)
(3)
(8)
(23)
(3)
(6)
(10)
(2)
(9)
(3)
(7)
(7)
(2)
(27)
(2)
(9)
(35)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(21)
(1)
(8)
(2)
(11)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(14)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(20)
(7)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(11)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(7)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(10)
(2)
(6)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(12)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(19)
(3)
(4)
(6)
(14)
(5)
(10)
(3)
(5)
(4)
(30)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(2)
(6)
(5)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(2)
(4)
(3)
(4)
(29)
(2)
(5)
(23)
(16)
(4)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(8)
(2)
(5)
(2)
(4)
(18)
(3)
0 of 1000
(2563)
(2)
(23)
(30)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(2219)
(1)
(118)
(16)
(4)
(28)
(1)
(7)
(56)
(140)
(366)
(75)
(255)
(87)
(93)
(554)
(194)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(1)
(7)
(510)
(1196)
(10)
(2)
(2)
(8)
(4)
(2854)
(1928)
(7)
(1)
(13)
(7)
(8)
(174)
(202)
(4)
(2)
(4)
(165)
(546)
(1)
(3)
(43)
(841)
(23)
(2)
(752)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(69)
(43)
(137)
(14)
(573)
(526)
(26)
(137)
(80)
(38)
(47)
(61)
(15)
(44)
(26)
(7)
(1490)
(136)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(347)
(1)
(372)
(8)
(5)
(17)
(1)
(32)
(3)
(1)
(142)
(5)
(66)
(4)
(191)
(18)
0 of 97
(4)
(17)
(111)
(15)
(21)
(269)
(23)
(13)
(3)
(397)
(429)
(11)
(79)
(36)
(9)
(41)
(3)
(8)
(4)
(16)
(17)
(5)
(1)
(3)
(5)
(6)
(73)
(2)
(20)
(44)
(35)
(92)
(22)
(22)
(47)
(18)
(113)
(3)
(18)
(9)
(13)
(4)
(11)
(1)
(10)
(38)
(3)
(9)
(17)
(10)
(24)
(12)
(9)
(24)
(2)
(10)
0 of 56
(456)
(3)
(14)
(173)
(887)
(392)
(40)
(2812)
(618)
(2)
(239)
(44)
(100)
(121)
(55)
(281)
(7)
(103)
(207)
(19)
(110)
(1)
(96)
(100)
(824)
(160)
(215)
(218)
(229)
(3)
(258)
(41)
(15)
(30)
(4)
(75)
(511)
(44)
(27)
(74)
(113)
(35)
0 of 42
(46991)
(27906)
(2)
0 of 3
(1)
(636)
(5686)
(5)
(3)
(6)
(280)
(44)
(1)
(1)
(213)
(43)
(1847)
(28)
(2)
(1)
(1739)
(79)
(1)
(27)
(1)
(132)
(1)
(5)
(3)
(28)
(1)
(903)
(6429)
(1)
(406)
(1)
(15)
(4)
(10)
(397)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1195)
(8)
(716)
(1)
(8356)
(3346)
(294)
(1754)
(1)
(3)
(953)
(20)
(1)
(9)
(1)
(204)
(1)
(111)
(2)
(21)
(2)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(282)
(188)
(5)
(33164)
(7)
(300)
(28)
(1)
(7)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(8)
(5)
(6)
(1077)
(7)
(1)
(915)
(3)
(526)
(787)
(1)
(137)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(58)
(155)
(4)
(12)
(1)
(4)
(60)
(5)
(6145)
(44)
(3)
(5675)
(116)
(2)
(4)
(214)
(1)
(153)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(21)
(14)
(299)
(145)
(2)
(330)
(293)
(17)
(17)
(173)
(2)
(88)
0 of 123
(3074)
(912)
(3750)
(372)
(478)
(356)
(836)
(3819)
(539)
(661)
(228)
(308)
(1505)
(1285)
(1038)
(548)
(643)
(269)
(466)
(1289)
(626)
(321)
(1691)
(506)
(246)
(371)
(734)
(2374)
(145)
(1080)
(144)
(413)
(373)
(380)
(314)
(637)
(536)
(235)
(1422)
(232)
(210)
(647)
(173)
(1008)
(148)
(305)
(187)
(144)
(197)
(161)
(429)
(232)
(254)
(162)
(358)
(327)
(353)
(206)
(368)
(472)
(1191)
(410)
(1082)
(176)
(221)
(247)
(256)
(1387)
(147)
(1902)
(647)
(201)
(151)
(231)
(139)
(153)
(243)
(298)
(154)
(388)
(236)
(157)
(157)
(147)
(182)
(523)
(188)
(504)
(175)
(1367)
(216)
(183)
(154)
(309)
(147)
(167)
(152)
(211)
(1014)
(342)
(151)
(512)
(188)
(248)
(144)
(1206)
(159)
(147)
(1271)
(297)
(142)
(159)
(158)
(241)
(140)
(141)
(237)
(196)
(300)
(258)
(616)
(189)
(168)
(1404)
(516)
(218)
(178)
(143)
(171)
(464)
(349)
(1047)
(187)
(458)
(263)
(294)
(424)
(602)
(404)
(178)
(367)
(158)
(484)
(257)
(413)
(534)
(199)
(141)
(143)
(376)
(673)
(198)
(541)
(321)
(388)
(199)
(218)
(699)
(387)
(244)
(261)
(305)
(1295)
(271)
(184)
(253)
(176)
(142)
(164)
(141)
(173)
(189)
(357)
(519)
(1344)
(186)
(155)
(250)
(153)
(461)
(406)
(288)
(740)
(154)
(163)
(212)
(148)
(360)
(234)
(340)
(236)
(246)
(1470)
(558)
(1458)
(295)
(306)
(1657)
(251)
(723)
(141)
(868)
(396)
(1286)
(151)
(158)
(189)
(515)
(432)
(200)
(208)
(341)
(255)
(143)
(248)
(262)
(184)
(145)
(168)
(169)
(1308)
(615)
(185)
(369)
(152)
(159)
(263)
(320)
(245)
(168)
(169)
(444)
(174)
(269)
(778)
(187)
(231)
(151)
(151)
(632)
(297)
(252)
(633)
(411)
(261)
(605)
(231)
(1102)
(468)
(564)
(230)
(159)
(534)
(1125)
(1969)
(173)
(450)
(228)
(214)
(246)
(238)
(268)
(928)
(239)
(209)
(502)
(182)
(193)
(166)
(151)
(820)
(294)
(194)
(148)
(392)
(293)
(283)
(971)
(316)
(402)
(171)
(845)
(541)
(425)
(269)
(252)
(269)
(777)
(208)
(148)
(188)
(172)
(177)
(201)
(4813)
(225)
(890)
(915)
(645)
(541)
(199)
(383)
(311)
(303)
(333)
(2118)
(204)
(294)
(170)
(239)
(220)
(2593)
(3876)
(1037)
(824)
(1373)
(176)
(2035)
(163)
(201)
(212)
(150)
(241)
(258)
(560)
(682)
(1802)
(669)
(1303)
(537)
(329)
(209)
(677)
(497)
(234)
(902)
(376)
(223)
(225)
(204)
(671)
(195)
(266)
(198)
(255)
(148)
(144)
(180)
(176)
(359)
(244)
(195)
(158)
(204)
(410)
(397)
(169)
(543)
(311)
(202)
(739)
(333)
(159)
(383)
(233)
(426)
(165)
(354)
(265)
(401)
(306)
(253)
(190)
(193)
(315)
(230)
(1082)
(815)
(187)
(161)
(196)
(384)
(220)
(1801)
(532)
(569)
(618)
(466)
(1100)
(1314)
(350)
(389)
(263)
(179)
(871)
(512)
(223)
(387)
(672)
(141)
(290)
(992)
(222)
(222)
(568)
(201)
(295)
(294)
(215)
(159)
(175)
(513)
(301)
(207)
(176)
(316)
(154)
(201)
(143)
(178)
(279)
(244)
(506)
(163)
(200)
(199)
(164)
(245)
(4763)
(215)
(154)
(154)
(227)
(194)
(227)
(428)
(207)
(578)
(143)
(253)
(442)
(215)
(358)
(475)
(509)
(159)
(190)
(202)
(265)
(173)
(256)
(982)
(220)
(186)
(200)
(332)
(187)
(428)
(454)
(150)
(230)
(315)
(548)
(413)
(357)
(657)
(151)
(7103)
(4740)
(2135)
(303)
(569)
(428)
(169)
(186)
(249)
(282)
(309)
(598)
(169)
(230)
(2393)
(323)
(1064)
(170)
(815)
(433)
(323)
(156)
(318)
(228)
(262)
(149)
(235)
(158)
(213)
(140)
(167)
(162)
(279)
(254)
(297)
(145)
(156)
(757)
(518)
(436)
(795)
(1123)
(257)
(674)
(659)
(161)
(232)
(159)
(453)
(247)
(283)
(214)
(392)
(356)
(271)
(291)
(274)
(144)
(161)
(291)
(148)
(262)
(1140)
(257)
(391)
(180)
(147)
(244)
(318)
(163)
(477)
(550)
(206)
(539)
(170)
(270)
(258)
(148)
(215)
(206)
(261)
(2636)
(233)
(185)
(892)
(147)
(373)
(284)
(271)
(236)
(181)
(166)
(626)
(150)
(140)
(156)
(176)
(175)
(620)
(239)
(165)
(140)
(160)
(546)
(313)
(169)
(167)
(935)
(176)
(176)
(769)
(633)
(2613)
(225)
(996)
(159)
(2420)
(192)
(232)
(166)
(537)
(539)
(419)
(465)
(364)
(154)
(1130)
(1162)
(293)
(351)
(550)
(183)
(504)
(801)
(973)
(281)
(146)
(159)
(245)
(468)
(928)
(1533)
(758)
(273)
(457)
(317)
(347)
(1279)
(192)
(216)
(197)
(166)
(316)
(295)
(180)
(6161)
(795)
(163)
(1476)
(2241)
(1721)
(707)
(1782)
(154)
(692)
(198)
(238)
(693)
(513)
(353)
(187)
(357)
(207)
(800)
(560)
(155)
(362)
(731)
(697)
(3663)
(1986)
(1830)
(624)
(296)
(240)
(797)
(174)
(205)
(155)
(1314)
(194)
(403)
(466)
(326)
(256)
(139)
(139)
(337)
(204)
(552)
(309)
(172)
(340)
(151)
(658)
(198)
(148)
(440)
(619)
(823)
(1092)
(1727)
(378)
(449)
(489)
(581)
(349)
(154)
(147)
(212)
(181)
(173)
(178)
(166)
(382)
(331)
(790)
(244)
(147)
(2240)
(209)
(161)
(207)
(334)
(142)
(251)
(166)
(183)
(800)
(1898)
(253)
(946)
(787)
(404)
(258)
(203)
(146)
(141)
(160)
(200)
(404)
(161)
(180)
(454)
(265)
(179)
(292)
(644)
(360)
(217)
(288)
(501)
(206)
(145)
(297)
(596)
(192)
(158)
(295)
(169)
(198)
(236)
(335)
(213)
(151)
(151)
(268)
(891)
(160)
(794)
(491)
(214)
(258)
(208)
(157)
(323)
(892)
(1267)
(192)
(275)
(477)
(689)
(342)
(347)
(223)
(198)
(405)
(373)
(172)
(179)
(193)
(404)
(350)
(283)
(457)
(886)
(603)
(809)
(339)
(821)
(2799)
(195)
(143)
(149)
(465)
(284)
(152)
(893)
(239)
(1390)
(768)
(514)
(207)
(337)
(268)
(146)
(258)
(217)
(425)
(436)
(182)
(276)
(262)
(140)
(278)
(181)
(187)
(871)
(432)
(450)
(939)
(242)
(154)
(348)
(204)
(1090)
(504)
(755)
(3025)
(393)
(152)
(223)
(191)
(189)
(771)
(2281)
(3451)
(256)
(492)
(2358)
(259)
(171)
(155)
(243)
(372)
(236)
(179)
(1048)
(182)
(215)
(193)
(2900)
(311)
(2139)
(3357)
(1495)
(158)
(2430)
(1342)
(1104)
(218)
(1109)
(356)
(802)
(1382)
(452)
(351)
(325)
(1483)
(311)
(749)
(193)
(148)
(145)
(312)
(414)
(620)
(200)
(234)
(163)
(233)
(209)
(872)
(229)
(356)
(462)
(325)
(257)
(306)
(258)
(351)
(724)
(418)
(145)
(218)
(264)
(227)
(194)
(240)
(177)
(296)
(587)
(203)
(636)
(486)
(248)
(599)
(210)
(330)
(704)
(3548)
(1124)
(293)
(937)
(199)
(194)
(141)
(1849)
(156)
(1366)
(502)
(258)
(305)
(240)
(157)
(261)
(263)
(145)
(142)
(140)
(286)
(473)
(896)
(429)
(356)
(211)
(156)
(291)
(141)
(1282)
(634)
(636)
(3845)
(292)
(210)
(3680)
(927)
(332)
(460)
(594)
(246)
(430)
(160)
(454)
(1685)
(735)
(615)
(311)
(476)
(157)
(423)
(151)
(1287)
(241)
(200)
(922)
(210)
(377)
(246)
(320)
(164)
(167)
(202)
(191)
(267)
(236)
(226)
(162)
(179)
(225)
(184)
(315)
(337)
(162)
(3008)
(1919)
(1559)
(144)
(3068)
(255)
(1880)
(246)
(1784)
(3158)
(2066)
(2167)
(180)
(923)
(4200)
(953)
(374)
(201)
(472)
(173)
(508)
(1600)
(247)
(169)
(436)
(307)
(625)
(589)
(336)
0 of 1000
(1)
(1)
0 of 2
Showing 2021 - 2040 of 82737 results
  • Variability of Air Sampling Results Using AirOCell Cassettes
    Variability of Air Sampling Results Using Air-O-Cell Cassettes
    Haworth CM
    2023/06/15 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    No current federal or state standards for mold exposure exist, partly due to the lack of accurate methods for assessing fungal exposure. Exposure to airborne fungal spores can result in several symptoms such as allergic rhinitis, coughing, and fatigue. Non-industrial occupational settings are common and fungal exposures may occur in these environme ...
  • Evaluating and Supporting Patients with Long COVID in Returning to Work
    Evaluating and Supporting Patients with Long COVID in Returning to Work
    Howard, John ;
    Cloeren, Marianne
    June 15, 2023 | Clinician Outreach and Communication Activity (COCA) Webinar
    Date: Thursday, June 15, 2023Long COVID can affect multiple organ systems creating a myriad of different symptoms that may require treatment and affect returning to work. Clinicians play a critical role in evaluating and supporting patients in their return to work. Tailored support and workplace accommodations are an important part of caring for pa ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • Examining the Relationship Between CommunityBased Support Services Use and Mental Health in Black Family Caregivers of Persons Living with Dementia
    Examining the Relationship Between Community-Based Support Services Use and Mental Health in Black Family Caregivers of Persons Living with Dementia
    Johnson FU
    2023/06/14 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Background: Without remuneration or training, spouses, family members, and friends provide 83% of dementia patients' basic personal care. Caring for a person living with dementia is stressful and can negatively impact the caregiver's health. Caregiver stress is a major issue for Black family caregivers. Black family caregivers' stress-related menta ...
  • Epigenetic Analysis in a Murine Genetic Model of Gulf War Illness
    Epigenetic Analysis in a Murine Genetic Model of Gulf War Illness
    Ashbrook DG ;
    Jones BC
    2023/06/14 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Of the nearly 1 million military personnel who participated in the 1990-1991 Gulf War, between 25% and 35% became ill with what now is referred to as Gulf War Illness (GWI) by the Department of Defense. Symptoms varied from gastrointestinal distress to lethargy, memory loss, inability to concentrate, depression, respiratory, and reproductive proble ...
    Public Domain
  • Revised agenda meeting of the ScientificTechnical Advisory Committee STAC World Trade Center WTC Health Program Wednesday June 21 2023 and Thursday June 22 2023
    Revised agenda : meeting of the Scientific/Technical Advisory Committee (STAC), World Trade Center (WTC) Health Program, Wednesday, June 21, 2023 [and] Thursday, June 22, 2023
    National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. World Trade Center Health Program  ...
    Jun 14, 2023 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Virtual meeting via Zoom. The public is welcome to follow the proceedings via live webcast.Publication date from document properties.Revised_Agenda_for_June_2023_STAC_meeting-508.pdf
    Public Domain
  • Roofing Worker Dies from FallKentucky
    Roofing Worker Dies from Fall—Kentucky
    Stumbo, David
    2023/06/13 | Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation Reports (FACE)
    At 1:30 p.m. on March 28, 2022, a 36-year-old Hispanic roofer suffered a fatal fall while installing roofing on a two-story apartment building. The worker fell approximately 18 feet to a sidewalk below and died on the scene due to injuries suffered from the fall. CONTRIBUTING FACTORS - Key contributing factors identified in this investigation inclu ...
  • Exposure Levels of Airborne Fungi Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Cotton Farms During Cotton Harvesting and Evaluations of N95 Respirators Against These Bioaerosols
    Exposure Levels of Airborne Fungi, Bacteria, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Cotton Farms During Cotton Harvesting and Evaluations of N95 Respirators Against These Bioaerosols
    Adeoye C ;
    Adhikari A
    2023/06/12 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    The USA is the third-leading cotton-producing country worldwide and cotton farming is common in the state of Georgia. Cotton harvest can be a significant contributor to airborne microbial exposures to farmers and nearby rural communities. The use of respirators or masks is one of the viable options for reducing organic dust and bioaerosol exposures ...
  • A ManikinBased Assessment of LooseFitting Powered AirPurifying Respirator Performance at Variable Flow Rates and Work Rates
    A Manikin-Based Assessment of Loose-Fitting Powered Air-Purifying Respirator Performance at Variable Flow Rates and Work Rates
    Bergman, Michael S. ;
    Strickland, Kevin T.
    2023/06/12 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Loose-fitting powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) are used in healthcare settings, although barriers to routine, everyday usage remain, including usability concerns and potential interference with work activities. Loose-fitting PAPRs are approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and must meet minimum perfor ...
    Public Domain
  • The Factors Associated with the Development of COVID19 Symptoms Among Employees in a US Healthcare Institution
    The Factors Associated with the Development of COVID-19 Symptoms Among Employees in a U.S. Healthcare Institution
    Abu-Alhaija DM ;
    Brittingham K
    2023/06/10 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Healthcare workers have experienced increased occupational health risks caused by COVID-19 disease. The purpose of this project was to examine the relationships between reporting COVID-19 symptoms by employees in a healthcare institution in the United States and employees' demographics, vaccination status, co-morbid conditions, and body mass index ...
  • Understanding PostFire Glove Use in Washington Firefighters with the Health Belief Model Results of a CrossSectional Survey
    Understanding Post-Fire Glove Use in Washington Firefighters with the Health Belief Model: Results of a Cross-Sectional Survey
    Gilbertson A
    2023/06/08 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Background and Objectives: Dermal exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a likely pathway explaining elevated cancer risk in firefighters. Current hand hygiene best practices have been shown to significantly reduce PAHs deposited on skin, however, increasing evidence suggests that compliance in use and quality of personal protecti ...
  • NeuronAstrocyte Omnidirectional Signaling in Neurological Health and Disease
    Neuron-Astrocyte Omnidirectional Signaling in Neurological Health and Disease
    Pathak D ;
    Sriram K
    2023/06/08 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Astrocytes are an abundantly distributed population of glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that perform myriad functions in the normal and injured/diseased brain. Astrocytes exhibit heterogeneous phenotypes in response to various insults, a process known as astrocyte reactivity. The accuracy and precision of brain signaling are primaril ...
    Public Domain
  • Impact of White Matter Hyperintensities on Subjective Cognitive Decline Phenotype in a Diverse Cohort of Cognitively Normal Older Adults
    Impact of White Matter Hyperintensities on Subjective Cognitive Decline Phenotype in a Diverse Cohort of Cognitively Normal Older Adults
    Bernard MA ;
    Briggs AQ
    2023/06/08 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Objectives; Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a preclinical stage of AD. White matter hyperintensities (WMH), an MRI marker of cerebral small vessel disease, associate with AD biomarkers and progression. The impact of WMH on SCD phenotype is unclear. Methods/Design: A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis was conducted on a diverse cohort wit ...
  • Demolition Laborer Dies in Fall Through Skylight
    Demolition Laborer Dies in Fall Through Skylight
    Stumbo, David
    2023/06/07 | Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation Reports (FACE)
    On May 24, 2022, a 44-year-old Hispanic demolition laborer suffered a fatal fall while working on the roof of a building that was undergoing demolition. The employee was walking backwards when he stepped onto a skylight in the roof and fell through it, falling approximately 19 feet to a concrete floor below. CONTRIBUTING FACTORS - Key contributing ...
  • Ultrathin Silica Integration for Enhancing Reliability of Microfluidic Photoionization Detectors
    Ultrathin Silica Integration for Enhancing Reliability of Microfluidic Photoionization Detectors
    Fan X ;
    Huang X
    2023/06/06 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Microfluidic photoionization detectors (µPIDs) based on silicon chips can rapidly and sensitively detect volatile compounds. However, the applications of µPID are limited by the manual assembly process using glue, which may outgas and clog the fluidic channel, and by the short lifetime of the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) lamps (especially, argon lamps) ...
  • Prevalence and Predictors of Chronic Kidney Disease of Undetermined Causes CKDu in Western Kenyas Sugar Belt A CrossSectional Study
    Prevalence and Predictors of Chronic Kidney Disease of Undetermined Causes (CKDu) in Western Kenya’s “Sugar Belt”: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Dorevitch S ;
    Hathaway MH
    2023/06/06 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Background: Epidemics of chronic kidney disease of undetermined causes (CKDu) among young male agricultural workers have been observed in many tropical regions. Western Kenya has similar climatic and occupational characteristics as many of those areas. The study objectives were to characterize prevalence and predictors of CKDu, such as, HIV, a know ...
  • How Blackouts During Heat Waves Amplify Mortality and Morbidity Risk
    How Blackouts During Heat Waves Amplify Mortality and Morbidity Risk
    Augenbroe G ;
    Broadbent A
    2023/06/06 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    The recent concurrence of electrical grid failure events in time with extreme temperatures is compounding the population health risks of extreme weather episodes. Here, we combine simulated heat exposure data during historical heat wave events in three large U.S. cities to assess the degree to which heat-related mortality and morbidity change in re ...
  • Lowcost personal sampling pump
    Low-cost personal sampling pump.
    Miller-Lionberg DD
    2023/06/06 | Grant Final Reports
    These SBIR data are furnished with SBIR rights. For a period of 4 years, unless extended in accordance with FAR 27.409(h), after acceptance of all items to be delivered under this contract, the Government will use these data for Government purposes only, and they shall not be disclosed outside the Government (including disclosure for procurement pu ...
  • Role of Small Airway Dysfunction in Unexplained Exertional Dyspnoea
    Role of Small Airway Dysfunction in Unexplained Exertional Dyspnoea
    Addrizzo-Harris D ;
    Berger KI
    2023/06/05 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Background: Isolated small airway abnormalities may be demonstrable at rest in patients with normal spirometry; however, the relationship of these abnormalities to exertional symptoms remains uncertain. This study uses an augmented cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) to include evaluation of small airway function during and following exercise to u ...
  • A Study of Protective Clothing to Prevent Nanoparticle Exposure and Surface Contamination
    A Study of Protective Clothing to Prevent Nanoparticle Exposure and Surface Contamination
    Tsai CS-J
    2023/06/05 | Grant Final Reports
    Although nanoparticles have been incorporated in a range of applications, human exposure through surface contamination remains of concern and under investigated. This is especially true in the context of industrial and research labs, where workers may become contaminated with nanoparticles. Development of appropriate personal protective equipment r ...
  • Functional Neuroimaging of Resilience to Trauma Convergent Evidence and Challenges for Future Research
    Functional Neuroimaging of Resilience to Trauma: Convergent Evidence and Challenges for Future Research
    Feder A ;
    Norbury A
    2023/06/02 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Resilience is broadly defined as the ability to adapt successfully following stressful life events. Here, we review functional MRI studies that investigated key psychological factors that have been consistently linked to resilience to severe adversity and trauma exposure. These domains include emotion regulation (including cognitive reappraisal), r ...
2021 - 2040 / 82737