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Emerging Infectious Diseases
Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) is a peer-reviewed, monthly journal published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It offers the latest scientific information on emerging infectious diseases and trends. Emerging Infectious Diseases is freely available to the public as Diamond Open Access. For more on EID, visit https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid.
Viral hemorrhagic fevers are associated with high rates of illness and death. Although therapeutic options are limited, early differential diagnosis has implications for containment and may aid in clinical management. We describe a diagnostic system for rapid, multiplex polymerase chain reaction identification of 10 different causes of viral hemorr
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Supporting Files
Palacios, G., Briese, T., Kapoor, V., Jabado, O., Liu, Z., Venter, M., Zhai, J., Renwick, N., Grolla, A., Geisbert, T. W., Drosten, C., Towner, J., Ju, J., Paweska, J., Nichol, S. T., Swanepoel, R., Feldmann, H., Jahrling, P. B., & Lipkin, W. I. (2006). MassTag Polymerase Chain Reaction for Differential Diagnosis of Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1204.051515
Palacios, Gustavo, Thomas Briese, Vishal Kapoor, Omar Jabado, Zhiqiang Liu, Marietjie Venter, and Junhui Zhai, et al.. MassTag Polymerase Chain Reaction for Differential Diagnosis of Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers. 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1204.051515.
Palacios, Gustavo, et al. MassTag Polymerase Chain Reaction for Differential Diagnosis of Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers. 2006, Stacks. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1204.051515.
The first fatal Rickettsia rickettsii infection was diagnosed in the southwest of Mexico. The patient had fever, erythematous rash, abdominal pain, and severe central nervous system involvement with convulsive crisis. The diagnosis of R. rickettsii infection was established by immunohistochemistry and specific polymerase chain reaction.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Zavala-Castro, J. E., Zavala-Velázquez, J. E., Walker, D. H., Arcila, E. E. R., Laviada-Molina, H., Olano, J. P., Ruiz-Sosa, J. A., Small, M. A., & Dzul-Rosado, K. R. (2006). Fatal Human Infection with Rickettsia rickettsii, Yucatán, Mexico. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16106
Zavala-Castro, Jorge E., Jorge E. Zavala-Velázquez, David H. Walker, Edgar E. Ruiz Arcila, Hugo Laviada-Molina, Juan P. Olano, José A. Ruiz-Sosa, Melissa A. Small, and Karla R. Dzul-Rosado. Fatal Human Infection with Rickettsia rickettsii, Yucatán, Mexico. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16106.
Zavala-Castro, Jorge E., et al. Fatal Human Infection with Rickettsia rickettsii, Yucatán, Mexico. 2006, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16106.
The 1997-2005 tularemia outbreak in Bulgaria affected 285 people. Ten strains were isolated from humans, a tick, a hare, and water. Amplified fragment length polymorphism typing of the present isolates and of the strain isolated in 1962 suggests that a new genetic variant caused the outbreak.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Kantardjiev, T., Ivanov, I., Velinov, T., Padeshki, P., Popov, B., Nenova, R., & Mincheff, M. (2006). Tularemia Outbreak, Bulgaria, 1997–2005. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/15960
Kantardjiev, Todor, Ivan Ivanov, Tzvetan Velinov, Plamen Padeshki, Boris Popov, Roumiana Nenova, and Milcho Mincheff. Tularemia Outbreak, Bulgaria, 1997–2005. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/15960.
We linked an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis to ozonated apple cider by using molecular and epidemiologic methods. Because ozonation was insufficient in preventing this outbreak, its use in rendering apple cider safe for drinking is questioned.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Blackburn, B. G., Mazurek, J. M., Hlavsa, M., Park, J., Tillapaw, M., Parrish, M., Salehi, E., Franks, W., Koch, E., Smith, F., Xiao, L., Arrowood, M., Hill, V., da Silva, A., Johnston, S., & Jones, J. L. (2006). Cryptosporidiosis Associated with Ozonated Apple Cider. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7893
Blackburn, Brian G., Jacek M. Mazurek, Michele Hlavsa, Jean Park, Matt Tillapaw, MaryKay Parrish, and Ellen Salehi, et al.. Cryptosporidiosis Associated with Ozonated Apple Cider. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7893.
Two different West Nile virus (WNV) strains caused lethal encephalitis in a flock of geese and a goshawk in southeastern Hungary in 2003 and 2004, respectively. During the outbreak in geese, 14 confirmed human cases of WNV encephalitis and meningitis were reported in the same area. Sequencing of complete genomes of both WNV strains and phylogenetic
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Bakonyi, T., Ivanics, �., Erdélyi, K., Ursu, K., Ferenczi, E., Weissenböck, H., & Nowotny, N. (2006). Lineage 1 and 2 Strains of Encephalitic West Nile Virus, Central Europe. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16130
Bakonyi, Tamás, Éva Ivanics, Károly Erdélyi, Krisztina Ursu, Emőke Ferenczi, Herbert Weissenböck, and Norbert Nowotny. Lineage 1 and 2 Strains of Encephalitic West Nile Virus, Central Europe. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16130.
Bakonyi, Tamás, et al. Lineage 1 and 2 Strains of Encephalitic West Nile Virus, Central Europe. 2006, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16130.
Kirk, M., Tribe, I., Givney, R., Raupach, J., & Stafford, R. (2006). Computer-assisted Telephone Interview Techniques. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/15973
Kirk, Martyn, Ingrid Tribe, Rod Givney, Jane Raupach, and Russell Stafford. Computer-assisted Telephone Interview Techniques. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/15973.
In 2002, Canada introduced routine, mandatory HIV antibody screening for all residency applicants, including selected children. We report screening results from January 2002 to February 2005. Thirty-six pediatric HIV cases were detected (14/100,000 applicants); 94% of infected children were eligible to arrive in Canada. Thirty-two of the affected c
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
MacPherson, D. W., Zencovich, M., & Gushulak, B. D. (2006). Emerging Pediatric HIV Epidemic Related to Migration. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16058
MacPherson, Douglas W., Militza Zencovich, and Brian D. Gushulak. Emerging Pediatric HIV Epidemic Related to Migration. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16058.
Borna disease virus (BDV) is the causative agent of severe T-cell-mediated meningoencephalitis in horses, sheep, and other animal species in central Europe. Here we report the first unequivocal detection of a BDV reservoir species, the bicolored white-toothed shrew, Crocidura leucodon, in an area in Switzerland with endemic Borna disease.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Hilbe, M., Herrsche, R., Kolodziejek, J., Nowotny, N., Zlinszky, K., & Ehrensperger, F. (2006). Shrews as Reservoir Hosts of Borna Disease Virus. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16138
Hilbe, Monika, Romana Herrsche, Jolanta Kolodziejek, Norbert Nowotny, Kati Zlinszky, and Felix Ehrensperger. Shrews as Reservoir Hosts of Borna Disease Virus. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16138.
We conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature from 1966 to 2005 to determine whether animals could provide early warning of a bioterrorism attack, serve as markers for ongoing exposure risk, and amplify or propagate a bioterrorism outbreak. We found evidence that, for certain bioterrorism agents, pets, wildlife, or livestock could p
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Rabinowitz, P., Gordon, Z., Chudnov, D., Wilcox, M., Odofin, L., Liu, A., & Dein, J. (2006). Animals as Sentinels of Bioterrorism Agents. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16078
Rabinowitz, Peter, Zimra Gordon, Daniel Chudnov, Matthew Wilcox, Lynda Odofin, Ann Liu, and Joshua Dein. Animals as Sentinels of Bioterrorism Agents. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16078.
The current vaccination strategy against influenza A and B viruses is vulnerable to the unanticipated emergence of epidemic strains that are poorly matched by the vaccine. A vaccine that is less sensitive to the antigenic evolution of the virus would be a major improvement. The general feasibility of this goal is supported by studies in animal mode
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Influenza poses a continuing public health threat in epidemic and pandemic seasons. The 1951 influenza epidemic (A/H1N1) caused an unusually high death toll in England; in particular, weekly deaths in Liverpool even surpassed those of the 1918 pandemic. We further quantified the death rate of the 1951 epidemic in 3 countries. In England and Canada,
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Viboud, C., Tam, T., Fleming, D., Miller, M. A., & Simonsen, L. (2006). 1951 Influenza Epidemic, England and Wales, Canada, and the United States. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/15958
Viboud, Cécile, Theresa Tam, Douglas Fleming, Mark A Miller, and Lone Simonsen. 1951 Influenza Epidemic, England and Wales, Canada, and the United States. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/15958.
Viboud, Cécile, et al. 1951 Influenza Epidemic, England and Wales, Canada, and the United States. 2006, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/15958.
We examined the degree of host specialization of different strains of Borrelia burgdorferi, the tickborne pathogen that causes Lyme borreliosis in the northeastern United States. We first assessed the genetic population structures of B. burgdorferi in ticks obtained from different mammalian host species and in questing ticks sampled in a woodland e
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Hanincová, K., Kurtenbach, K., Diuk-Wasser, M., Brei, B., & Fish, D. (2006). Epidemic Spread of Lyme Borreliosis, Northeastern United States. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16055
Hanincová, Klára, Klaus Kurtenbach, Maria Diuk-Wasser, Brandon Brei, and Durland Fish. Epidemic Spread of Lyme Borreliosis, Northeastern United States. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16055.
The city of Erechim, Brazil, has a 17% prevalence of ocular toxoplasmosis, and type 1 Toxoplasma gondii predominates. To examine risk factors for acute T. gondii infection in this area, we administered a questionnaire to recently infected persons (n = 131) and seronegative controls (n = 110). Eating undercooked meat; having a garden; working in the
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Jones, J. L., Muccioli, C., Belfort, R., Holland, G. N., Roberts, J. M., & Silveira, C. (2006). Recently Acquired Toxoplasma gondii Infection, Brazil. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7902
Jones, Jeffrey L., Cristina Muccioli, Rubens Belfort, Gary N. Holland, Jacquelin M. Roberts, and Claudio Silveira. Recently Acquired Toxoplasma gondii Infection, Brazil. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7902.
Hahné, S. J., White, J. M., Crowcroft, N. S., Brett, M. M., George, R. C., Beeching, N. J., Roy, K., & Goldberg, D. (2006). Tetanus in Injecting Drug Users, United Kingdom. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/15938
Hahné, Susan J.M., Joanne M. White, Natasha S. Crowcroft, Moira M. Brett, Robert C. George, Nick J. Beeching, Kirsty Roy, and David Goldberg. Tetanus in Injecting Drug Users, United Kingdom. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/15938.
Payungporn, S., Chutinimitkul, S., Chaisingh, A., Damrongwantanapokin, S., Nuansrichay, B., Pinyochon, W., Amonsin, A., Donis, R. O., Theamboonlers, A., & Poovorawan, Y. (2006). Discrimination between Highly Pathogenic and Low Pathogenic H5 Avian Influenza A Viruses. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7910
Payungporn, Sunchai, Salin Chutinimitkul, Arunee Chaisingh, Sudarat Damrongwantanapokin, Bandit Nuansrichay, Wasana Pinyochon, Alongkorn Amonsin, Ruben O. Donis, Apiradee Theamboonlers, and Yong Poovorawan. Discrimination between Highly Pathogenic and Low Pathogenic H5 Avian Influenza A Viruses. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7910.
Payungporn, Sunchai, et al. Discrimination between Highly Pathogenic and Low Pathogenic H5 Avian Influenza A Viruses. 2006, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7910.
Some clinical isolates of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) lack bundle-forming pili and are termed atypical EPEC. The aim of this study was to determine if atypical EPEC are pathogens by comparing the clinical features of patients infected with atypical EPEC with those of children infected with other causative agents of diarrhea. Fecal samp
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Nguyen, R. N., Taylor, L. S., Tauschek, M., & Robins-Browne, R. M. (2006). Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection and Prolonged Diarrhea in Children. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16077
Nguyen, Rang N., Louise S. Taylor, Marija Tauschek, and Roy M. Robins-Browne. Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection and Prolonged Diarrhea in Children. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16077.
Nguyen, Rang N., et al. Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection and Prolonged Diarrhea in Children. 2006, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16077.
From In John Updike's Room: New and Selected Poems, by Christopher Wiseman.Copyright 2005 The Porcupine's Quill. Available from www.amazon.com Reprinted with author's permission.
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