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Showing 1461 - 1480 of 1966 results

Measuring integrated approaches to advance worker safety, health and wellbeing.

Katz JN ;

McLellan DL

2017/06/07 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Statement of problem: Improving the safety, health, and wellbeing of workers through integrated approaches is the essence of Total Worker Health® (TWH) as conceptualized by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) (Schill & Chosewood, 2013). As awareness of TWH has grown, there have been calls for the design, evaluation, an ...

12/01/2025

Title : Measuring integrated approaches to advance worker safety, health and wellbeing. Personal Author(s) : Katz JN;McLellan DL;Pronk NP;Schult TM;Sorensen, Glorian;Wagner, Gregory R.;Williams JA; Published Date : 2017/06/07 Pages in Document : 1 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249511 Katz JN et al. (2017). Measuring integrated approaches to advance worker safety, health and wellbeing.. Katz JN et al. "Measuring integrated approaches to advance worker safety, health and wellbeing." (2017) Katz JN et al. "Measuring integrated approaches to advance worker safety, health and wellbeing." , 2017 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Abstract or Summary AU - Katz JN AU - McLellan DL AU - Pronk NP AU - Schult TM AU - Sorensen, Glorian AU - Wagner, Gregory R. AU - Williams JA AB - Statement of problem: Improving the safety, health, and wellbeing of workers through integrated approaches is the essence of Total Worker Health® (TWH) as conceptualized by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) (Schill & Chosewood, 2013). As awareness of TWH has grown, there have been calls for the design, evaluation, and implementation of measurement tools and interventions (Loeppke et al., 2015; Sorensen et al., 2013). There are several tools that can be used to assess the integration of worker health protection and promotion, most at the organizational level (Pronk et al., 2016) as well as a checklist metric similar to the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (Loeppke et al., 2015). Given the rapidly expanding set of measurement tools, validation and testing of measures of integration is critically important. Procedures: Developing and validating a measurement instrument for integrated approaches to address personal and workplace safety and health factors has been a major focus of the Harvard T.H. Chan Center for Work, Health, and Wellbeing for the past several years. Initially, an instrument was developed using a modified Delphi process based on the definition of integration as "a strategic and operational coordination of policies, programs, and practices designed to simultaneously prevent work-related injuries and illnesses and enhance overall workforce health and well-being" (Sorensen et al., 2013). This process yielded an instrument, the Indicators of Integration, with several domains to concretely capture organizational policies, processes, program content, and leadership, that make up integrated approaches to advancing worker health and wellbeing. Additional work was then undertaken to validate the instrument in multiple samples. Analyses: The initial validation work used a survey of small- to medium- sized employers (N=111) to address the convergent validity and reliability of the 23-item instrument (J. A. R. Williams et al., 2015). Additional work extended the validation to include a sample of Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) administrative parents (collection of all the points of service that a VA leadership group manage, N=140), testing the dimensionality of the instrument in both samples (J. A. Williams et al., 2016). Results: The initial validation study found excellent reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient as well as positive associations of the Indicators of Integration with organizational policies and strategies to protect and promote safety and health (J. A. R. Williams et al., 2015). Validation in the VA sample also showed the Indicators of Integration to be reliable (J. A. Williams et al., 2016). Exploratory factor analysis in two samples identified the instrument as one unified factor (J. A. Williams et al., 2016). A few questions could potentially be dropped from the instrument; but additional work is needed to determine whether this is the case in other samples. Practical implications: Slight adaptations were made to the VA version of the Indicators of Integration, such as changing examples of programs/policies to make them relevant to the VA. Even with these slight changes the validation and dimensionality assessments were nearly the same as results obtained from the survey of small- to medium-sized employers- such changes may make the instrument more organization specific but not adversely affect validity. Recent work tested the practical applications of measures of integration; it described the Indicators of Integration and their use in conjunction with additional measurement tools to provide integrated feedback and plans of action to three employers over the course of a year (Pronk et al., 2016). The quantitative and qualitative results of this study documented change among the involved employers as well as the palatability and usefulness of the approach from both the perspectives of management and employees (Pronk et al., 2016). The use of both organizational and individual measures as well as the provision of feedback and action plans demonstrates the feasibility of using measurement of TWH concepts of integration to guide change at a practical level. Conclusions: Efforts to measure and implement integrated approaches to address personal and workplace safety and health have been shown to be feasible. The Indicators of Integration, along with other metrics can be used to measure organization's levels of integration and to provide feedback that can be acted on by employers. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249511 KW - Health Promotion KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - TWH; Total Worker Health; Worker safety; Health promotion; Work organization; Questionnaires; Statistical quality control KW - Health Promotion KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Surveys and Questionnaires LA - eng PB - American Psychological Association PY - 2017/06/07 TI - Measuring integrated approaches to advance worker safety, health and wellbeing. UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249511 ER -
The relationship between organizational policies and practices with work limitations within a cohort of hospital patient care workers [abstract].

Boden LI ;

Dennerlein J

2017/06/07 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Statement of the problem: Health care is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the United States and has the most nonfatal injuries and illnesses. Much of the health and safety research among healthcare workers has examined illness and injury endpoints without accounting for the impact of adverse health of workers on their productivi ...

12/01/2025

Title : The relationship between organizational policies and practices with work limitations within a cohort of hospital patient care workers [abstract]. Personal Author(s) : Boden LI;Dennerlein J;Hashimoto D;Kenwood C;Nagler E;Sabbath EL;Sorensen, Glorian;Sparer E;Wagner G; Published Date : 2017/06/07 Pages in Document : 1-2 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249510 Boden LI et al. (2017). The relationship between organizational policies and practices with work limitations within a cohort of hospital patient care workers [abstract].. Boden LI et al. "The relationship between organizational policies and practices with work limitations within a cohort of hospital patient care workers [abstract]." (2017) Boden LI et al. "The relationship between organizational policies and practices with work limitations within a cohort of hospital patient care workers [abstract]." , 2017 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Abstract or Summary AU - Boden LI AU - Dennerlein J AU - Hashimoto D AU - Kenwood C AU - Nagler E AU - Sabbath EL AU - Sorensen, Glorian AU - Sparer E AU - Wagner G AB - Statement of the problem: Health care is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the United States and has the most nonfatal injuries and illnesses. Much of the health and safety research among healthcare workers has examined illness and injury endpoints without accounting for the impact of adverse health of workers on their productivity. The work limitations questionnaire (WLQ) measures the degree to which someone is experiencing limitations at work due to health problems, and the degree of health-related productivity loss. Previous research has demonstrated that the WLQ and other similar scales (e.g. workability) with health outcomes. These measures are crucial to understanding worker health, because they measure both chronic health conditions, and the potential impact of these conditions on productivity. While the WLQ is limited in specificity of health conditions, it offers an overall picture of worker health and performance. Previous studies have examined the relationship between work organization factors and the WLQ, however these studies have mostly been conducted among injured workers within the general population, and have not accounted for industry specific factors. With the desired long-term goal of informing and guiding priorities for future workplace interventions within the healthcare industry, we conducted an analysis of the relationship between organizational policies and practices (OPPs) (specifically, safety practices, ergonomic practices, and people oriented culture) and work limitations. Procedures: The data in this analysis were collected as part of a survey of hospital workers that aimed to quantify the relationship between worksite programs, policies, and practices with worker health and economic outcomes at the unit and individual level. The survey was conducted among registered nurses (RNs), licensed practical nurses (LPNs), and patient care associates (PCAs) in 2014 at two large teaching hospitals in Boston, Massachusetts. Workers were eligible for participation if they worked at least 20 hours per week in patient care services and had direct patient care responsibilities. The questions on ergonomic practices, safety practices, and people-oriented culture were based on a modified version of the Organizational Policies and Practices (OPPs) questionnaire. Work limitations were measured using a modified version of the short form Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ). Demographic covariates included age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, and body mass index (BMI, generated from height and weight). Work characteristics included job title, tenure, hours worked, and unit type. Workers in the float pool were excluded from this analysis, as they did not have a primary association with a unit. Analyses: We first examined correlations in the data between the modified WLQ measure and the three specific OPPs. We then completed a series of random intercept multi-level models for each of the three OPPs using stepwise selection of covariates. Each model included the OPP score as the independent variable, the WLQ score as the dependent variable, and a unit variable as the random effect in the model to account for the unit-to-unit variability in OPP scores. We also explored interactions of the covariates with the main effect. We explored additional models containing interactions between OPPs that were statistically significant in the simple models to assess the effect of confounding and to further explain the relationships. Results: There were 1398 individuals who completed the survey (response rate 71%), and an additional 73 respondents were excluded from this analysis due to incomplete surveys or status as a float pool nurse. Of the resulting 1325, most were white (81%), female (94%), and nurses (90%), with a mean age of 41 years. Individual OPP scores were weakly but significantly correlated with WLQ scores (r=0.11 for safety practices, r=0.16 for ergonomic practices and people-oriented culture; p-values for all >0.0001). In the regression models, there was a statistically significant association between unit safety practices and worker WLQ scores, which grew stronger when adjusting for individual worker characteristics (job title, age, and BMI) (beta = -3.22; p-value=0.025). Units with better safety practices were associated with workers with fewer work limitations, meaning better overall health. The direction of the associations between WLQ and unit ergonomic practices and between WLQ and unit people-oriented culture were similar although, each slightly lower in magnitude and not statistically significant. Other models examining interactions between main effects and covariates and other possible confounding did not change the previously described associations. Practical Implications: Given the high rate of injuries and illnesses among healthcare workers, an increased focus on improving OPPs, specifically safety practices, to improve health and safety outcomes is needed. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the importance of organizational policies and practices in improving worker health outcomes and reducing work limitations in acute care settings. Specifically, practices related to worker safety should be the focus of intervention efforts by researchers and practitioners, given the strong relationship with work limitations. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249510 KW - Cohort Studies KW - Epidemiology KW - Health Personnel KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - TWH; Total Worker Health; Injuries; Cohort studies; Epidemiology; Health care workers; Nurses; Work organization; Policy; Safety practices; Questionnaires KW - Cohort Studies KW - Epidemiology KW - Health Personnel KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Surveys and Questionnaires LA - eng PB - American Psychological Association PY - 2017/06/07 TI - The relationship between organizational policies and practices with work limitations within a cohort of hospital patient care workers [abstract]. UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249510 ER -
Racial disparities in occupational injury: obscured by administrative data?

Boden LI ;

Hashimoto D

2017/06/07 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Statement of the problem: Minority and otherwise marginalized workers are disproportionately exposed to dangerous working conditions. As a result, health outcomes associated with adverse working conditions often occur along social and economic gradients. Although occupational health disparities overall are well-documented, barriers remain to unders ...

12/01/2025

Title : Racial disparities in occupational injury: obscured by administrative data? Personal Author(s) : Boden LI;Hashimoto D;Hopcia K;Sabbath EL;Sorensen, Glorian;Williams JAR; Published Date : 2017/06/07 Pages in Document : 1-2 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249509 Boden LI et al. (2017). Racial disparities in occupational injury: obscured by administrative data?. Boden LI et al. "Racial disparities in occupational injury: obscured by administrative data?" (2017) Boden LI et al. "Racial disparities in occupational injury: obscured by administrative data?" , 2017 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Abstract or Summary AU - Boden LI AU - Hashimoto D AU - Hopcia K AU - Sabbath EL AU - Sorensen, Glorian AU - Williams JAR AB - Statement of the problem: Minority and otherwise marginalized workers are disproportionately exposed to dangerous working conditions. As a result, health outcomes associated with adverse working conditions often occur along social and economic gradients. Although occupational health disparities overall are well-documented, barriers remain to understanding the true nature of injury reporting disparities, most as a result of the limitations of administrative injury data. Thus, the extent of differential injury undercount by demographic group is unknown. Our aim was to determine whether reporting discrepancies between self-reported and administratively-reported injuries varied by racial and ethnic groups by comparing self-reported and administrative injury data on the same workers over the same time period. We hypothesized that we would detect greater racial and ethnic disparities in injury using self-reported rather than administrative data. Procedures: The study took place in a cohort of patient care workers employed in two large hospitals in the Boston area. In September 2012, 2,000 workers were randomly sampled for the survey; of those, 1,594 (79%) responded and were included. We eliminated participants missing data on self-reported race and ethnicity (n=15) or self-reported injury (n=11) for a final n of 1,568. Occupational injury was measured by both self-report and through administrative data. On the self-report survey, respondents were asked, "During the past 12 months, including sharps injuries, were you injured seriously enough while performing your job that you got medical advice or treatment or lost time from work?" To capture administratively-reported injuries, we used data on OSHA-reportable injuries from the hospital's administrative injury database (hereafter referred to as "administrative data" or "administratively-reported injuries") and merged those data with survey data at the worker level using secure study ID numbers. In the survey, workers were asked, "Do you consider yourself Latino or Hispanic?" They were then asked "How would you describe your race? Please check all that apply" (response options: Native American or Alaska Native; Asian, Asian American; Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander; Black, African-American; White; and Other). We recoded the preceding variables into a single race/ethnicity variable with categories Hispanic; non-Hispanic White; non-Hispanic black; mixed race/other. Analyses: We first examined distribution of the two types of injury outcomes overall and by race/ethnicity. We used logistic regression to model two these two binary outcomes-self-reported injury and administratively-reported injury-adjusting progressively for demographic/personal and then occupational covariates. Results: Approximately 81% of the sample identified as non-Hispanic white (n=1266); 4% (n=64) identified as Hispanic, 8% (n=131) identified as non-Hispanic black, and 7% (n=107) identified as mixed-race or other. Overall, 16% of workers reported on the survey that they were injured during the year prior; self-admitted reporting practices varied significantly (p<0.001) by race and ethnicity. We also examined injury patterns using administratively-reported injuries from the database, finding that the overall injury rate was 8% with no significant variation by race/ethnicity. In models adjusted for age, sex, immigration status, personal financial distress, worksite, shift, and job title, for self-reported injury, black workers had an elevated risk of injury compared with white workers (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.04,3.49), but Hispanic workers did not (OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.60,2.72). In contrast, in adjusted models for administratively-reported injury, neither black workers (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.54,2.77) nor Hispanic workers (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.39,2.66) were at significantly greater risk than white workers. Conclusions and practical implications: Compared with white workers, black workers had significantly increased risk of injury when asked via self-report, but not when using administrative injury data. Findings suggest that undercounting of injuries in employers' administrative data (on which national injury data are based) may be relatively higher among black workers, obscuring racial disparities in injury risk. This study raises two key questions. First, why do administrative and self-report data present different pictures of racial disparities in occupational injury? Second, why, after reducing barriers to reporting as in a confidential survey versus an administrative report, do black workers have higher injury rates than white workers? The practical implications of this study are twofold: first, that hospitals need to reduce barriers to injury reporting, especially among minority workers, because administrative injury data is used for surveillance and policymaking at both the institutional and state levels; and second, that workplaces should address underlying reasons that minority workers, particularly black workers, may be injured at higher rates than white workers. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249509 KW - Cohort Studies KW - Epidemiology KW - Health Personnel KW - Healthcare Disparities KW - Minority Health KW - Occupational Health KW - Race Factors KW - Safety KW - TWH; Total Worker Health; Health disparities; Racial factors; Minority health; Injuries; Cohort studies; Epidemiology; Health care workers KW - Cohort Studies KW - Epidemiology KW - Health Personnel KW - Healthcare Disparities KW - Minority Health KW - Occupational Health KW - Race Factors KW - Safety LA - eng PB - American Psychological Association PY - 2017/06/07 TI - Racial disparities in occupational injury: obscured by administrative data? UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249509 ER -
The mutual benefits of data-sharing for employers and academic researchers: Boston Hospital Workers.

Sabbath E

2019/11/06 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Statement of the Problem: Data is the backbone of public health research. Epidemiologists are experts at data analysis, but they often struggle to find data sources that are high-quality, relevant to their research questions, and efficient to collect and analyze. Conversely, many employers are awash in data that they collect in the course of their ...

12/01/2025

Title : The mutual benefits of data-sharing for employers and academic researchers: Boston Hospital Workers. Personal Author(s) : Sabbath E Published Date : 2019/11/06 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249508 Sabbath E (2019). The mutual benefits of data-sharing for employers and academic researchers: Boston Hospital Workers.. Sabbath E "The mutual benefits of data-sharing for employers and academic researchers: Boston Hospital Workers." (2019) Sabbath E "The mutual benefits of data-sharing for employers and academic researchers: Boston Hospital Workers." , 2019 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Abstract or Summary AU - Sabbath E AB - Statement of the Problem: Data is the backbone of public health research. Epidemiologists are experts at data analysis, but they often struggle to find data sources that are high-quality, relevant to their research questions, and efficient to collect and analyze. Conversely, many employers are awash in data that they collect in the course of their everyday operations, but they lack the capacity or skills to turn that raw data into meaningful insights about their organization or its employees. The Boston Hospital Workers Health Study (BHWHS) exists at the intersection of these two realities. Through an academic-employer partnership between the Harvard Center for Work, Health, and Well-being (a Total Worker Health Center of Excellence) and Partners HealthCare, a major health system in Massachusetts, we have found novel ways to harness the administrative data that Partners collects in its daily operation. In this presentation, we will discuss how we turn those data into studies that are relevant both for public health research and practice, and for Partners' own interests. Procedures and Analyses BHWHS consists of approximately 15,000 workers to date (growing by about 1,000 people per year) and involves an integrated, longitudinal, administrative database linked with self-report surveys. The sampling frame consists of all patient care services workers at two of Partners' largest hospitals. Types of administrative data include: occupational injury and workers' compensation; health plan spending and utilization; employee workload and productivity; payroll and scheduling; workplace policies and practices at both unit and hospital levels; and, in the upcoming phase, patient outcomes data. We also conduct periodic surveys of a subset of workers to ask questions about both the work environment health outcomes and risk factors. All data can be merged at the individual worker level and all worker data can be aggregated at the workgroup level. Results This presentation will have three parts. First, we will discuss how the two groups have gone about negotiating data-sharing, joint agenda-setting, and partnership throughout the research process. We will discuss practical strategies for building the researcher-employer relationships and data management capacities to construct, administer, and maintain a project like BHWHS, including lessons learned, the structure of the team, and strategies for communication. Second, we will present the structure and function of BHWHS and discuss the rationale for the setup. We will talk about the relationships we built across Partners for all aspects of the study in order to create and sustain the database, with a focus on how that process could be translated to other employer-researcher partnerships. Third, we will provide a brief synopsis of scientific insights that demonstrate how BHWHS advances both the public health enterprise and Partners' concerns about the health of its workforce. For example, Partners is concerned about burnout, employee mental health, bullying, and health disparities within its workforce; these, not coincidentally, are important public health issues and concern employers beyond Partners. We have addressed these issues in a series of empirical studies that we will briefly present. Practical Implications and Conclusions The BHWHS partnership and database-and the research and practice insights that have emerged from them-can serve as a model for other occupational health practitioners about methods for harnessing administrative data and translating it into a robust dataset that serves the needs of both the scientific community and the employer. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249508 KW - Database KW - Epidemiology KW - Occupational Health KW - Public Health KW - Safety KW - TWH; Total Worker Health; Epidemiology; Databases; Public health; Work organization; Worker safety KW - Database KW - Epidemiology KW - Occupational Health KW - Public Health KW - Safety LA - eng PB - American Psychological Association PY - 2019/11/06 TI - The mutual benefits of data-sharing for employers and academic researchers: Boston Hospital Workers. UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249508 ER -
Particles in welding fumes.

Williams RT

2018/06/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not differing base metals and filler wires used during welding processes contributed to differing amounts of ultrafine particles (UFP) and nanoparticles being emitted during the welding procedure in order to determine if UFP and NP exposures differed with base metal and filler wire, all weldin ...

12/01/2025

Title : Particles in welding fumes. Personal Author(s) : Williams RT Published Date : 2018/06/01 Pages in Document : 1-71 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249507 Williams RT (2018). Particles in welding fumes.. Williams RT "Particles in welding fumes." (2018) Williams RT "Particles in welding fumes." , 2018 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Thesis AU - Williams RT AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not differing base metals and filler wires used during welding processes contributed to differing amounts of ultrafine particles (UFP) and nanoparticles being emitted during the welding procedure in order to determine if UFP and NP exposures differed with base metal and filler wire, all welding processes utilized the same welding machine for metal inert gas (MIG), the same wire speed, and the same voltages during each welding process. The only variation in welding procedures were cover gases used, base metals, and filler wires. Measurements gathered during welding procedures were conducted in the breathing zone of the welder and pipefitters consisted of UFP measurements taken by two different condensation particle counters (CPC), which operated in synchrony at the start and cessation of the welding process. NP measurements were taken by a NanoScan Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) and were also placed in the breathing zone of the welder According to the results, base metal and filler wire do emit differing amounts of NP and UFP during the welding processes. Carbon steel emits the highest amount of nanoparticles, while stainless steel emits the second highest amount, and Inconel emits the least. The results also concluded that welders are exposed to a greater concentration of nanoparticles and UFPs than those experienced by pipefitters who stand 6ft from the welding arc. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249507 KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Metals KW - Occupational Health KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Safety KW - Welding KW - Welding fumes; Welding; Welding equipment; Metals; Ultrafine particles; Nanoparticles; Emission sources; Exposure levels; Risk factors; Inert gases; Breathing zone; Carbon; KW - Author Keywords: Nanoparticle; Ultrafine Particle; MIG Welding; Exposure KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Metals KW - Occupational Health KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Safety KW - Welding LA - eng PB - University of South Florida PY - 2018/06/01 TI - Particles in welding fumes. UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249507 ER -
Implementation guidelines for integrated approaches to work, health and well-being.

McLellan D

2019/11/06 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Problem Total Worker Health® (TWH) is defined by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health as "policies, programs, and practices that integrate protection from work-related safety and health hazards with promotion of injury and illness prevention efforts to advance worker well-being." Growing evidence supports the benefits of these ...

12/01/2025

Title : Implementation guidelines for integrated approaches to work, health and well-being. Personal Author(s) : McLellan D Published Date : 2019/11/06 Pages in Document : 222-223 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249506 McLellan D (2019). Implementation guidelines for integrated approaches to work, health and well-being.. McLellan D "Implementation guidelines for integrated approaches to work, health and well-being." (2019) McLellan D "Implementation guidelines for integrated approaches to work, health and well-being." , 2019 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Abstract or Summary AU - McLellan D AB - Problem Total Worker Health® (TWH) is defined by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health as "policies, programs, and practices that integrate protection from work-related safety and health hazards with promotion of injury and illness prevention efforts to advance worker well-being." Growing evidence supports the benefits of these approaches in improving both worker and employer outcomes. Resources and assistance for implementing these integrated worksite initiatives are limited, however, and effective implementation models for worksites to use are needed. Procedures/approach Recognizing this need, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Center for Work, Health, and Well-being (Center) published implementation guidelines (Guidelines) to provide direction for worksites to consider on how to plan, implement, and evaluate integrated policies, programs, and practices addressing working conditions. The Guidelines include a framework, processes, case studies, tips, tools, and resources. Our Center's research-based conceptual model serves as the basis and overarching framework for the Guidelines. We focus on using policies and practices to impact the working conditions that are often the root causes of both worker and employer outcomes. These working conditions can include hazards in the physical environment, the pace and amount of work, and psychosocial factors like harassment and supervisor support. Using this framework, the Guidelines articulate a process enterprises can use as they identify, implement, and evaluate policies and practices to impact the specific working conditions and outcomes relevant to their worksites. This process is based on Plan, Do, Study, Act cycles that are inherent in management and safety improvement initiatives. Specific examples, case studies, tips, and tools are provided to further assist worksites in implementing integrated approaches. Subsequent to their distribution, the Center is providing training and obtaining feedback on the Guidelines. As a result, we are learning how the Guidelines are being used and adapted in practice. This presentation will provide: an introduction to the Center's integrated approach to work, health, and well-being to serve as the springboard for the other symposium presentations; descriptions and examples from each phase of the Guidelines- leadership and building collaboration, planning, implementing, and evaluating; lessons learned-input on research-to-practice experiences in implementing the Guidelines. Methods/Analyses To obtain information on lessons learned, we used qualitative analyses of verbal and written evaluations gathered in key informant interviews, meetings, and trainings on Guideline use. Interview scripts were used in discussions with key informants, and written transcriptions developed from the interviews. Notes are developed from meetings with collaborators. Training evaluation forms were circulated to and requested from training participants. Analyses entail intensive reading and group discussion of the data by the research team and collaborators. Results Preliminary results indicate that: the Guidelines can provide direction to organizations implementing integrated approaches to worker safety, health, and well-being; additional tools, technical assistance and training are desired by those implementing the Guidelines; calls for simplifying and reducing the amount of information provided were also made; end users may adapt the Guidelines depending on worksite context; and specific tools and examples are valued. Practical Implications The Center for Work, Health, and Well-being's Guidelines are useful for enterprises implementing integrated approaches focused on working conditions, and users report the specific tools and case examples provided are especially valuable. Conclusions The Center for Work, Health, and Well-being's Guidelines to worksite safety, health, and well-being may be used by enterprises implementing integrated approaches that focus on changing working conditions. Additional tools, training, and technical assistance to accompany the Guidelines were recommended, but requests for simplifying and reducing the amount of information were also received. There is a tension between providing enough and too much documentation and information that warrants further study. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249506 KW - Health Promotion KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - TWH; Total Worker Health; Work organization; Worker safety; Injury prevention; Health promotion KW - Health Promotion KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety LA - eng PB - American Psychological Association PY - 2019/11/06 TI - Implementation guidelines for integrated approaches to work, health and well-being. UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249506 ER -
Partnering with construction companies for health and safety research adds value in a shared mission.

Dennerlein J

2019/11/06 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Statement of the Problem: Completing worker safety, health, and well-being research in the construction industry has many challenges while the need to improve working conditions for construction workers is quite evident. Integrated worksite programs that target the conditions of work have become increasingly popular due to their comprehensive natur ...

12/01/2025

Title : Partnering with construction companies for health and safety research adds value in a shared mission. Personal Author(s) : Dennerlein J Published Date : 2019/11/06 Pages in Document : 208-209 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249505 Dennerlein J (2019). Partnering with construction companies for health and safety research adds value in a shared mission.. Dennerlein J "Partnering with construction companies for health and safety research adds value in a shared mission." (2019) Dennerlein J "Partnering with construction companies for health and safety research adds value in a shared mission." , 2019 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Abstract or Summary AU - Dennerlein J AB - Statement of the Problem: Completing worker safety, health, and well-being research in the construction industry has many challenges while the need to improve working conditions for construction workers is quite evident. Integrated worksite programs that target the conditions of work have become increasingly popular due to their comprehensive nature and their added value to an organization's mission; however, fitting interventions to the context of the construction industry poses many challenges. Work organization and the hierarchical structure in construction does not follow the traditional manufacturing model; workers on a given worksite are employed by different companies and move from worksite to worksite. On a given worksite, there will be multiple construction companies working side by side employing different trades needed at a given time for the project. These are often overseen by the general contractor and the owner. We have implemented a number of intervention and observational studies within the construction industry examining worker safety, health, and well-being within the complexity of the industry. Two intervention projects were based on a conceptual framework put forth by the Center for Work, Health and Well-being at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. The first project called, All the Right Moves (ARM) was a worksite program that aligned with fundamental worksite programs already in place in the industry - safety inspections, pre-task planning job hazard analysis, and safety week. Based on the lessons learned, we developed a second program based within subcontractors called ARM for Subs. For both programs we partnered with industry stake holders to complete almost all stages of developing, implementing, and evaluating the interventions. Our goal here in this abstract is to define and describe the role of the partnerships in our ARM for Subs research project from intervention development to the program evaluation. Procedures and Analyses. Intervention development and evaluation consists of several phases of research where our partnership with the industry played out in different roles. Before developing the intervention fully, we utilize formative research to understand the organizational structure, current practices, attitudes and beliefs within the organization. We completed key informative interviews with four sub-contracting companies. Once we developed an intervention design, we vet the program with both managers (safety, project execs, and foreman) and workers. For this project we vetted the program with three companies. Then we piloted the program with a single subcontractor to work out the implementation logistics and finalize the design. We are currently evaluating the program with three subcontractors needing a total of 14. For this phase we have teamed up with the Association of Subcontractors of Massachusetts to recruit these 14 subcontractor companies. Data collection during the most of these phases were primarily qualitative, which included research staff process tracking notes collected during intervention activities as well as key informant interviews with company managers and focus groups with workers. We used standard analytic methods for thematic content analysis of qualitative data that are collected in the form of texts. Results. Throughout the formative research phases of the projects our industrial stakeholders described a need for the work we were proposing to do. They shared our need to help create change within their organizations. As a result, they shared how they as an organization currently work, how they create teams and how crews work together. They provided us with organizational structures in order to understand how they work and how they are structured. During the piloting of the intervention with the single subcontracting company our process tracking revealed that the company saw value in what we were doing. "In our collaboration we gained a better understanding of what we do well and what needs improvement." "[the program achieved measured improvement and increased morale." Currently in our recruitment of the 14 companies, we are hearing the interest in partnering with us has come from our previous success in helping companies meet their needs. Practical Implications and Conclusions. The success of many safety and health interventions appreciates when the intervention's goals and objectives match those of the partnering organization so that those receiving the intervention and are engaged in the activities see a value added for their participation. Developing an intervention in partnership with the key stakeholders through collaborative process has benefits for the intervention design in achieving this goal. In addition aligning activities with current work practices also allow for the intervention to adapt to and adopted by the partners. Overall, both parties involved in the research, the academic research staff and the industrial partners simply want to do the right thing to improve the safety, health, and well-being of their workers. This shared value has proven time and again to be key in the success of our research. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249505 KW - Construction Industry KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Construction industry; Construction workers; Safety practices; Worker safety; Work organization; TWH; Total Worker Health; Partnership KW - Construction Industry KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety LA - eng PB - American Psychological Association PY - 2019/11/06 TI - Partnering with construction companies for health and safety research adds value in a shared mission. UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249505 ER -
The Center for Work, Health, and Well-being: four pillars of our approach.

Burke L

2019/11/06 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

The mission of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Center for Work, Health, & Well-being, one of six Total Worker Health® Centers of Excellence, is to protect and promote the health, safety, and well-being of workers through designing, implementing, and disseminating effective workplace policies, programs, and practices. Over the past 20 ...

12/01/2025

Title : The Center for Work, Health, and Well-being: four pillars of our approach. Personal Author(s) : Burke L Published Date : 2019/11/06 Pages in Document : 232-233 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249504 Burke L (2019). The Center for Work, Health, and Well-being: four pillars of our approach.. Burke L "The Center for Work, Health, and Well-being: four pillars of our approach." (2019) Burke L "The Center for Work, Health, and Well-being: four pillars of our approach." , 2019 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Abstract or Summary AU - Burke L AB - The mission of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Center for Work, Health, & Well-being, one of six Total Worker Health® Centers of Excellence, is to protect and promote the health, safety, and well-being of workers through designing, implementing, and disseminating effective workplace policies, programs, and practices. Over the past 20 years, researchers at our Center have endeavored to expand the evidence supporting an integrated approach and to develop the resources to apply it. The Center's approach to outreach and education is comprised of four pillars: Disseminating Evidence-Based Practices The Center creates best practices to simultaneously improve working conditions and optimize health and safety investments in multiple industries. The Center's Workplace Integrated Safety and Health (WISH) Assessment measures effective workplace organizational policies, programs, and practices, and focuses on working conditions and organizational facilitators of worker safety, health, and well-being. The WISH Assessment is based on the Center's validated ''Indicators of Integration'' that were designed to assess the extent to which an organization has implemented an approach integrating occupational safety and health with worksite health promotion. The WISH assessment measures six core constructs identified as central to best practices and may inform organizational priority setting and guide research around causal pathways influencing implementation and outcomes related to these approaches. Several Center studies are utilizing WISH Assessment items, testing their psychometric properties. Shaping Workplace and Public Policy To inform policy decisions affecting the workforce, the Center examines the potential impact its research has on policies that enhance worker health and safety while supporting productivity and engagement. Our Center's Policy Working Group identifies, examines, and influences workplace and public policy issues related to Total Worker Health® by bringing together policy experts to explore implications of our past and current research. These experts recommend changes to workplace and public policies that can improve worker health, safety, and well-being. In addition, as part of our evaluation process, we examine how the research findings published by the Center can inform policy decision makers. The Center has also created "Policy Implication Summary Sheets" based on recent publications and written for non-academic audiences. These convey key messages from our research in non-academic language, for use at Conferences and available on the Center's website. Building Organizational Capacity to Improve the Conditions of Work To support organizations in adopting an integrated approach, the Center trains professionals, presents at conferences and on webinars, and mentors students and post-docs. These efforts are based on the Center's conceptual framework targeting the conditions of work, including physical environment, organization of work, psychosocial factors, and job tasks & demands. The Center's "Guidelines for Implementing an Integrated Approach" provides organizations with a framework for implementing a TWH integrated approach to worker safety, health, and well-being, as well as strategies, organizational processes, tools and links to other resources. The Center's capacity building suite is based on the Guidelines and its accompanying tools and resources. The Center regularly offers an Executive and Continuing Professional Education course, "Work, Health, and Well-being: Framework, Evidence, and Applications", and has recently participated in the design and delivery of a Harvard EdX MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) on the Culture of Health. Basing It upon the Center's Groundbreaking Research The foundation of our Center's work continues to be groundbreaking research. The Center's research projects and initiatives study the effectiveness of workplace policies and practices designed to support and protect workers; and demonstrate how an integrated approach targeting working conditions improves outcomes for employees and organizations. We currently are involved in three primary research projects - in Healthcare, Construction and Nursing Homes. Among the other Center projects is a collaboration with the Boston Fire Department and the Boston Firefighters Local 718, which has provided opportunities for the Center to examine factors in fire stations that may be impacting firefighter cancer risk. Pilot study findings were published in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine and then translated for a non-academic audience and published in Firehouse Magazine, a firefighter trade publication. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249504 KW - Health Promotion KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - TWH; Total Worker Health; Health promotion; Information dissemination; Worker safety; Policy; Work organization KW - Health Promotion KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety LA - eng PB - American Psychological Association PY - 2019/11/06 TI - The Center for Work, Health, and Well-being: four pillars of our approach. UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249504 ER -
Serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance concentrations in four municipal US fire departments.

Beitel SC ;

Botelho JC

2023/05/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Background: Firefighters have occupational and environmental exposures to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The goal of this study was to compare serum PFAS concentrations across multiple United States fire departments to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants. Methods: Nine serum PFAS were compared in 290 ...

12/01/2025

Title : Serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance concentrations in four municipal US fire departments. Personal Author(s) : Beitel SC;Botelho JC;Burgess JL;Caban-Martinez, Alberto J.;Calafat, Antonia M.;Calkins MM;Coleman AD;Fisher JM;Graber JM;Grant CC;Gulotta JJ;Hughes RJ;Jung AM;Littau SR;Louzado-Feliciano P;Nematollahi A;Oduwole SO;Popp C;Schaefer-Solle N;Wallentine DD; Published Date : 2023/05/01 Pages in Document : 411-423 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249503 Beitel SC et al. (2023). Serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance concentrations in four municipal US fire departments.. 66(5). Beitel SC et al. "Serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance concentrations in four municipal US fire departments." 66, no. 5 (2023) Beitel SC et al. "Serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance concentrations in four municipal US fire departments." vol. 66, no. 5, 2023 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Beitel SC AU - Botelho JC AU - Burgess JL AU - Caban-Martinez, Alberto J. AU - Calafat, Antonia M. AU - Calkins MM AU - Coleman AD AU - Fisher JM AU - Graber JM AU - Grant CC AU - Gulotta JJ AU - Hughes RJ AU - Jung AM AU - Littau SR AU - Louzado-Feliciano P AU - Nematollahi A AU - Oduwole SO AU - Popp C AU - Schaefer-Solle N AU - Wallentine DD AB - Background: Firefighters have occupational and environmental exposures to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The goal of this study was to compare serum PFAS concentrations across multiple United States fire departments to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants. Methods: Nine serum PFAS were compared in 290 firefighters from four municipal fire departments (coded A-D) and three NHANES participants matched to each firefighter on sex, ethnicity, age, and PFAS collection year. Only Departments A and C had sufficient women study participants (25 and six, respectively) to compare with NHANES. Results: In male firefighters compared with NHANES, geometric mean perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) was elevated in Departments A-C, sum of branched perfluoromethylheptane sulfonate isomers (Sm-PFOS) was elevated in all four departments, linear perfluorooctane sulfonate (n-PFOS) was elevated in Departments B and C, linear perfluorooctanoate (n-PFOA) was elevated in Departments B-D, and perfluorononanoate (PFNA) was elevated in Departments B-D, but lower in A. In male firefighters compared with NHANES, perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA) was more frequently detected in Departments B and D, and 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetate (MeFOSAA) was less frequently detected in Departments B-D. In female firefighters compared with NHANES, PFHxS and Sm-PFOS concentrations were elevated in Departments A and C. Other PFAS concentrations were elevated and/or reduced in only one department or not significantly different from NHANES in any department. Conclusions: Serum PFHxS, Sm-PFOS, n-PFOS, n-PFOA, and PFNA concentrations were increased in at least two of four fire departments in comparison to NHANES. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249503 IS - 5 KW - Blood KW - Firefighters KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Exposure assessment; Occupational exposure; Fire fighters; Health surveys; Serology; Blood serum; Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances; PFAS; KW - Author Keywords: exposure; firefighters; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NHANES; occupational; per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances; PFAS KW - Blood KW - Firefighters KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Surveys and Questionnaires LA - eng PY - 2023/05/01 TI - Serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance concentrations in four municipal US fire departments. VL - 66 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249503 ER -
Improving firefighter safety and health: a closer look at the role of the fire station.

Sorensen, Glorian ;

Sparer EH

2017/06/07 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Statement of the problem: Firefighters are at elevated risk for a range of safety and health outcomes, including musculoskeletal injuries, burns, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancer. Much of the research on firefighter safety and health has focused on in-field exposures, since firefighters may encounter chemical and physical exposur ...

12/01/2025

Title : Improving firefighter safety and health: a closer look at the role of the fire station. Personal Author(s) : Sorensen, Glorian;Sparer EH;Wagner G; Published Date : 2017/06/07 Pages in Document : 1 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249502 Sorensen, Glorian et al. (2017). Improving firefighter safety and health: a closer look at the role of the fire station.. Sorensen, Glorian and Sparer EH and Wagner G "Improving firefighter safety and health: a closer look at the role of the fire station." (2017) Sorensen, Glorian et al. "Improving firefighter safety and health: a closer look at the role of the fire station." , 2017 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Abstract or Summary AU - Sorensen, Glorian AU - Sparer EH AU - Wagner G AB - Statement of the problem: Firefighters are at elevated risk for a range of safety and health outcomes, including musculoskeletal injuries, burns, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancer. Much of the research on firefighter safety and health has focused on in-field exposures, since firefighters may encounter chemical and physical exposures as well as potentially high levels of stress when responding to calls. In many fire departments throughout the US, however, firefighters spend the majority of their working hours inside the fire station, where working conditions (including the physical environment, work organization, psychosocial factors, and job tasks/demands) can influence individual safety and health outcomes and behaviors). Little research has been reported on the working conditions found at the fire station. To improve firefighter safety and health and plan interventions that are responsive to their work setting, we need to broaden our understanding of the workforce, and the day-to-day conditions of work at the fire station. Procedures: We completed semi-structured key informant interviews with fire lieutenants and captains at four fire stations in the Boston area (n=7) in the spring of 2016. The purpose of the interviews was to assess the work environment at the fire station, with the aim of identifying conditions of work that may influence the safety and health of firefighters. Questions focused on the daily activities of firefighters at the station, the role of the fire station in firefighter safety and health, and workforce characteristics. Interviews lasted approximately 40 minutes. Additional qualitative data were collected through participation observation of firefighters and documented with formal note taking immediately following the observations. Analyses: Interviews were transcribed and analyzed for thematic content using Nvivo (QSR International (Americas) Inc., Burlington, MA, USA). Notes from the participant observations were used to further explore themes from the interview transcripts. Results: The qualitative data revealed several important themes about firefighters and the fire station work environment. First, a majority of the firefighters in Boston (62% overall, and 96% of new hires since 2010) are veterans, as a result of a state law that gives preference for civil service jobs to veterans. Issues such as post-traumatic stress disorder and past exposures from time in the military may impact health of the firefighters. The second theme observed was high levels of stress in general, due to both past military experiences, as well as related to on the job exposures. In addition to witnessing traumatic events such as fires, accidents, and other events in the field, firefighters jump into action within seconds when a call comes in, which can be quite stressful and impact sleep both on and off the job. The third theme to emerge, poor air quality in stations, was the main health issue specifically related to the fire station. Many firefighters questioned the effect the perceived poor air quality had on their health. Specific concerns related to diesel exhaust from trucks idling or entering/exiting the fire station and from off-gassing from contaminated bunker gear and equipment brought back to the station from fires. The final theme from the qualitative data collection related to a strong sense of brotherhood among the firefighters. This was attributed in part to past military experience, as well as the bonding that can form during and after stressful events experienced on the job and the fact that firefighters work in shifts of 24 hours, spending a lot of time at the station, which can feel like a second home. Firefighters work as a team throughout the day, and often exercise, meals, and other recreational activities are done together. Practical Implications: The effectiveness of interventions to combat the high rates of injury and illness among firefighters may improve when it responds to the conditions of work found at the fire station, including environmental exposures and the work organization. Further emphasis should be placed on the fire station as a place to focus future firefighter research and practice, given the potential impact it may have on safety and health behaviors and outcomes. Conclusions: The conditions of work encountered by firefighters at the fire station are unique when compared to other industries. Firefighters have intermittent high stress/high demand work, with periods of low work activity in between calls. The fire station becomes a second home for many firefighters due in large part to the strong brotherhood between firefighters. Many firefighters, especially in the Boston area, are veterans. In addition to specific workforce characteristics and daily activities at the fire station that may influence safety and health of firefighters, the environmental conditions of the fire station, specifically the poor air quality, and the potential adverse impact on firefighter health was noted as a concern. Future research on firefighter health and safety should consider these aspects of the job when designing studies in order to create targeted and effective workplace interventions. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249502 KW - Air Pollution KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Firefighters KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Stress, Psychological KW - TWH; Total Worker Health; Fire fighters; Occupational exposure; Work organization; Environmental exposure; Intervention effectiveness; Job stress; Air quality monitoring KW - Air Pollution KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Firefighters KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Stress, Psychological LA - eng PB - American Psychological Association PY - 2017/06/07 TI - Improving firefighter safety and health: a closer look at the role of the fire station. UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249502 ER -
Associations between conditions of work and worker health and productivity indicators in small manufacturing companies.

Dennerlein J ;

Katz AS

2017/06/07 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Statement of the Problem: In recent years we have seen the emergence of interventions aimed at simultaneously protecting and promoting both worker health and worker safety. Much of this work has been guided by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Total Worker Health® program. As a Center for Excellence within the TWH Program, ...

12/01/2025

Title : Associations between conditions of work and worker health and productivity indicators in small manufacturing companies. Personal Author(s) : Dennerlein J;Katz AS;Katz J;McLellan D;Pronk N; Published Date : 2017/06/07 Pages in Document : 1-2 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249501 Dennerlein J et al. (2017). Associations between conditions of work and worker health and productivity indicators in small manufacturing companies.. Dennerlein J et al. "Associations between conditions of work and worker health and productivity indicators in small manufacturing companies." (2017) Dennerlein J et al. "Associations between conditions of work and worker health and productivity indicators in small manufacturing companies." , 2017 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Abstract or Summary AU - Dennerlein J AU - Katz AS AU - Katz J AU - McLellan D AU - Pronk N AB - Statement of the Problem: In recent years we have seen the emergence of interventions aimed at simultaneously protecting and promoting both worker health and worker safety. Much of this work has been guided by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Total Worker Health® program. As a Center for Excellence within the TWH Program, the Center for Work, Health and Well-being (CWHW) at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health has developed a conceptual model to specify the causal pathways through which policies, programs and practices are expected to influence worker safety and health outcomes. The present research seeks to build on the conceptual model, by exploring associations between conditions of work as measured by organizational safety and health climates and worker outcomes including health behaviors and productivity measures. Procedures: Data used in this research were obtained as part of a pilot intervention study disseminating the CWHW's approach as outlined in the CWHW's SafeWell Guidelines. Participating companies included three small-to-medium size manufacturing companies in Minneapolis during the years 2014-15. As part of the study, employees at the participating companies completed a baseline health risk assessment in 2014 (n=959; 53% response rate). The overarching aim of this study was to examine associations among variables specified as part of the conceptual model. Three aims were identified: Specific Aim (1) Test the association between organizational safety and health climates and worker health behaviors. Behaviors included: physical activity, diet, tobacco use, sleep and alcohol use. Specific Aim (2) Test the association between organizational safety and health climates and physical abuse, emotional abuse, depression, job satisfaction, life satisfaction, back pain (frequency and severity), and self-perceived general health. Specific Aim (3) Test the association between organizational safety and health climates and two different productivity indicators: Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Scale (WPAI). Analyses: The independent variables of interest, organizational health and safety climates, were originally coded from 0 to 10, with 10 being a strong health or safety climate. Both climate variables were coded as binary for the analyses, with 0 = weaker climate and 1 = stronger climate. Dependent variables were also expressed as binary variables. Physical activity, nutrition, sleep, satisfaction (job and life) and general health were coded with 1 being the optimal state. Tobacco, alcohol, abuse (physical and emotional), back pain (frequency and severity) and depression were coded with 0 as the optimal state. A series of logistic regression models were conducted corresponding to each of the specific aims. A two-step approach to modeling was used. Initial bivariate models tested relationship between the independent and dependent variables alone. When initial models demonstrated significant effects, full models were analyzed including covariates. Full models were adjusted for age, gender, education and job type. Results: Aim 1: Of the five worker health behaviors considered, sleep was the only variable for which significant relationships were found (OR= 1.82; 95%CI=1.35-2.45). In other words, the odds of someone reporting optimal sleep are 1.82 times higher for those who report a report strong worksite climate of safety. Sleep was also found to relate to worker perception of health and well-being climate (OR= 1.32; 95%CI=0.99-1.76), though marginally not at a statistically significant level (p=.058). Aim 2: Of the eight worker outcome variables considered, nearly all were associated with both worker perception variables (safety climate, health climate). Though no effects were identified for physical and emotional abuse outcomes, both perception of climate variables were related to depression, job satisfaction, life satisfaction, back pain (frequency and severity) and self-perceived general health. Aim 3: Two different indicators of productivity were considered for measuring Aim 3. Using the WPAI we found that the odds that a worker will be more productive are higher for those who report a strong culture of worksite safety (OR= .54; 95%CI=0.39-0.75) and culture of well-being (OR=.49; 95%CI=0.36-0.68). The WLQ was not associated with either climate variable. Practical implications and conclusions: This research demonstrated many of the linkages outlined in CWHW's conceptual model, giving further support to outcomes related to working conditions. We have shown that conditions of the worksite, specifically worker-perceived safety and health climates, are associated with health behaviors such as sleep, outcomes related to emotional and overall health, satisfaction, back pain, as well as worker productivity. All of the worker outcomes we considered are burdensome for the employee and costly for the employer. Worksite interventions that are coordinated and integrated across safety and health teams, policies and processes, may hold the most promise for promoting strong safety and health climates at the worksite. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249501 KW - Behavior KW - Health Promotion KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Sleep KW - TWH; Total Worker Health; Safety climate; Work organization; Worker safety; Sleep; Employees; Health promotion; Behavior KW - Behavior KW - Health Promotion KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Sleep LA - eng PB - American Psychological Association PY - 2017/06/07 TI - Associations between conditions of work and worker health and productivity indicators in small manufacturing companies. UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249501 ER -
Assessment of ambient exposures firefighters encounter while at the fire station: an exploratory study.

Adamkiewicz G ;

Hart JE

2017/06/22 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Introduction: Firefighters are at increased risk for many types of cancer due to the hazardous nature of their job. While most studies on firefighters and cancer focus on the exposures encountered while fighting fires, low levels of contaminants encountered at the fire station are also cause for concern. This pilot aimed to describe air quality wit ...

12/01/2025

Title : Assessment of ambient exposures firefighters encounter while at the fire station: an exploratory study. Personal Author(s) : Adamkiewicz G;Hart JE;Prendergast D;Sorensen, Glorian;Sparer EH;Wagner G; Published Date : 2017/06/22 Pages in Document : 64 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249500 Adamkiewicz G et al. (2017). Assessment of ambient exposures firefighters encounter while at the fire station: an exploratory study.. Adamkiewicz G et al. "Assessment of ambient exposures firefighters encounter while at the fire station: an exploratory study." (2017) Adamkiewicz G et al. "Assessment of ambient exposures firefighters encounter while at the fire station: an exploratory study." , 2017 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Abstract or Summary AU - Adamkiewicz G AU - Hart JE AU - Prendergast D AU - Sorensen, Glorian AU - Sparer EH AU - Wagner G AB - Introduction: Firefighters are at increased risk for many types of cancer due to the hazardous nature of their job. While most studies on firefighters and cancer focus on the exposures encountered while fighting fires, low levels of contaminants encountered at the fire station are also cause for concern. This pilot aimed to describe air quality within a few fire stations in the Boston, MA area, and to investigate factors (physical and organizational) that influenced contaminant levels in the air. Methods: Air sampling of particulate matter (PM2.5) and particle-bound poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was completed at four fire stations in the spring of 2016 for approximately five days per station. At each station, sampling occurred outside the station, in the truck bay, and in the fire station kitchen. Data were analyzed to assess differences between and within stations. Interviews (n=7) were conducted with officers at each station to explore organizational policies and practices that relate to health and safety at the fire station. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed for thematic content. Results: Levels of PM2.5 and PAHs were generally higher in the truck bays than the outside or kitchen, and varied the most throughout the day. The station with the highest exposures in the truck bay had the lowest level in the kitchen, which was possibly explained by the new building materials in place at the station and the strong separation between building zones. The age and structure of the firehouses appeared to determine the extent to which policies favoring exhaust capture were actually implemented. Conclusion: The levels of PM2.5 and PAH observed at these fire stations may contribute to firefighter cancer risk. Through understanding the variability and range of values found, we can begin to design and test interventions that improve firefighter cancer prevention. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249500 KW - Air Pollution KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Firefighters KW - Neoplasms KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Fire fighters; Occupational exposure; Cancer rates; Air quality monitoring; Polyaromatic compounds; PAC; Environmental exposure KW - Air Pollution KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Firefighters KW - Neoplasms KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety LA - eng PB - Center for Health, Work & Environment at the Colorado School of Public Health PY - 2017/06/22 TI - Assessment of ambient exposures firefighters encounter while at the fire station: an exploratory study. UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249500 ER -
Effectiveness of biocide substitution and management plan implementation for the control of Legionella pneumophila in cooling tower waters.

Bones A

2018/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

After the notorious outbreak and discovery of Legionella bacteria in 1976, the waterborne pathogen was added to the list of disease-causing agents associated with the built environment. Legionella pneumophila was discovered when it was identified as the agent that caused 34 deaths and an outbreak of pneumonia-like symptoms in several attendees of t ...

12/01/2025

Title : Effectiveness of biocide substitution and management plan implementation for the control of Legionella pneumophila in cooling tower waters. Personal Author(s) : Bones A Published Date : 2018/03/01 Pages in Document : 1-35 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249499 Bones A (2018). Effectiveness of biocide substitution and management plan implementation for the control of Legionella pneumophila in cooling tower waters.. Bones A "Effectiveness of biocide substitution and management plan implementation for the control of Legionella pneumophila in cooling tower waters." (2018) Bones A "Effectiveness of biocide substitution and management plan implementation for the control of Legionella pneumophila in cooling tower waters." , 2018 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Thesis AU - Bones A AB - After the notorious outbreak and discovery of Legionella bacteria in 1976, the waterborne pathogen was added to the list of disease-causing agents associated with the built environment. Legionella pneumophila was discovered when it was identified as the agent that caused 34 deaths and an outbreak of pneumonia-like symptoms in several attendees of the 1976 American Legion Convention held in Philadelphia (OSHA, 2017). Recently published data from the year 2015 reported more than 6,000 Legionnaires' cases identified in the United States (CDC, 2016). This is a concerning number given that one in every ten infected persons will die of the disease. It is believed that case numbers are likely under-reported, given that Legionnaires' disease is very difficult to diagnose. Legionella species live naturally in bodies of water, including lakes and rivers. Legionnaires' disease has been associated with the introduction of Legionella into manmade water systems. The presence of Legionella has been reported in cooling towers, domestic hot-water systems, humidifiers, decorative fountains, grocery spray misters, spas, whirlpools, and dental water lines, among other systems housing stagnant water (CDC, OSHA, 2017). From an occupational exposure standpoint, cooling towers are considered the most concerning source of Legionella pneumophila exposures, based on data from previous cases (Principe et al., 2017). [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249499 KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Morbidity KW - Mortality KW - Occupational Health KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Safety KW - Legionnaires disease; Legionellosis; Bacteria; Pathogens; Diseases; Morbidity rates; Mortality rates; Fatalities; Statistical analysis; Pneumonia; Environmental exposure; Exposure levels; Risk factors; KW - Author Keywords: Industrial Hygiene; Bacteria; Legionella; Cooling Towers; Biocides KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Morbidity KW - Mortality KW - Occupational Health KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Safety LA - eng PB - University of South Florida PY - 2018/03/01 TI - Effectiveness of biocide substitution and management plan implementation for the control of Legionella pneumophila in cooling tower waters. UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249499 ER -
Employee perceptions of safety, health, and well-being: focus group findings from one veterans affairs medical center.

Gendreau N ;

Mohr DC

2018/11/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Objective: Focus groups were conducted at one veterans affairs (VA) medical center to understand (1) how the work environment and conditions of work influence employee safety, health, and well-being; (2) what programs, policies, and practices promote and protect employee safety and health in VA; and (3) how employee safety, health, and well-being i ...

12/01/2025

Title : Employee perceptions of safety, health, and well-being: focus group findings from one veterans affairs medical center. Personal Author(s) : Gendreau N;Mohr DC;Nagler EM;Schult TM;Seibert RG;Sorensen, Glorian;Sullivan JL; Published Date : 2018/11/01 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249498 Gendreau N et al. (2018). Employee perceptions of safety, health, and well-being: focus group findings from one veterans affairs medical center.. 60(11). Gendreau N et al. "Employee perceptions of safety, health, and well-being: focus group findings from one veterans affairs medical center." 60, no. 11 (2018) Gendreau N et al. "Employee perceptions of safety, health, and well-being: focus group findings from one veterans affairs medical center." vol. 60, no. 11, 2018 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Gendreau N AU - Mohr DC AU - Nagler EM AU - Schult TM AU - Seibert RG AU - Sorensen, Glorian AU - Sullivan JL AB - Objective: Focus groups were conducted at one veterans affairs (VA) medical center to understand (1) how the work environment and conditions of work influence employee safety, health, and well-being; (2) what programs, policies, and practices promote and protect employee safety and health in VA; and (3) how employee safety, health, and well-being impact the organizational mission. Methods: Nine focus groups were conducted with leadership, supervisor, and frontline employees. Focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed, and content analysis was performed. Results: Fifty-five employees participated in the focus groups. Six common themes emerged-stressful working conditions, health hazards, organizational factors, current program knowledge, participation barriers, and program suggestions. Conclusions: Employees identified organizational and structural elements of work that impact safety, health, and well-being. Application of the Total Worker Health(TM) hierarchy of controls provided a novel framework for discussion of focus group findings. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249498 IS - 11 KW - Health Personnel KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Stress, Psychological KW - TWH; Total Worker Health; Health care workers; Worker safety; Work organization; Job stress; Medical personnel; KW - Author Keywords: employee perceptions; focus groups; health; safety; Total Worker Health; well-being KW - Health Personnel KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Stress, Psychological LA - eng PY - 2018/11/01 TI - Employee perceptions of safety, health, and well-being: focus group findings from one veterans affairs medical center. VL - 60 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249498 ER -
Public health, business, and the shared value of workforce health and wellbeing.

Pronk NP

2019/07/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

From a corporate perspective, the health and wellbeing of the workforce have long been considered a cost instead of an investment. However, progress in public health research has provided evidence that improvements to the health and wellbeing of workers have the potential to improve productivity, corporate performance, and community prosperity. Pub ...

12/01/2025

Title : Public health, business, and the shared value of workforce health and wellbeing. Personal Author(s) : Pronk NP Published Date : 2019/07/01 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249497 Pronk NP (2019). Public health, business, and the shared value of workforce health and wellbeing.. 4(7). Pronk NP "Public health, business, and the shared value of workforce health and wellbeing." 4, no. 7 (2019) Pronk NP "Public health, business, and the shared value of workforce health and wellbeing." vol. 4, no. 7, 2019 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Pronk NP AB - From a corporate perspective, the health and wellbeing of the workforce have long been considered a cost instead of an investment. However, progress in public health research has provided evidence that improvements to the health and wellbeing of workers have the potential to improve productivity, corporate performance, and community prosperity. Public health interventions can use the workplace to achieve major health and wellbeing gains among much of the population but, to do so, evidence of effectiveness needs to be shown in the context of a convincing narrative that will persuade business leaders to invest and allocate resources. Creation of such a narrative demands visionary leadership that promotes social objectives to optimise business performance. To persuade businesses that investment in worker health and wellbeing through partnerships with public health agencies is a sound business strategy, evidence of such efforts should be considered in the context of multisectoral programmes, policies, and practices. Workplace policy proposals should be reviewed for their potential effects on health, safety, and wellbeing, and policy makers and businesses should set goals to create positive social, physical, and economic environments. Business and industry need to be actively engaged in shaping the narrative around health equity because they represent important partners in preventing a widening of health disparities. To accomplish these tasks, leadership, partnerships, and resources are necessary. It will take leaders from both public health and business to build partnership models that reflect an alternative way of thinking that is designed to simultaneously benefit society and maximise profit while mobilising resources and activating funding mechanisms from federal and private sources. This approach to creating shared value will generate social value in the interests of public health and allow business to gain long-term competitiveness. The creation of shared value through research, partnerships, and evidence-based health and wellbeing solutions will elucidate the connections and alignments between business, community, and prosperity. Public health research could generate results that can be placed in context as a convincing narrative to support decision makers in allocating the necessary resources to build cultures of positive health and wellbeing in the workplace that are connected to the community. Such endeavours have the potential to make visible the value of investments in workplace health and wellbeing that reach far beyond the workplace itself. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249497 IS - 7 KW - Health Promotion KW - Healthcare Disparities KW - Occupational Health KW - Public Health KW - Safety KW - Total Worker Health; TWH; Health promotion; Workforce development; Policy; Health disparities; Public health KW - Health Promotion KW - Healthcare Disparities KW - Occupational Health KW - Public Health KW - Safety LA - eng PY - 2019/07/01 TI - Public health, business, and the shared value of workforce health and wellbeing. VL - 4 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249497 ER -
The art and science of mentoring.

Allen TD ;

Eby LT

2021/01/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Is mentoring an art or is it science? The authors of this chapter define how art and science are relevant to mentoring theory. They suggest that it must be a balance of both art and science and note that, like all relationships, each mentor/protege relationship will require a unique balance. [Description provided by NIOSH]

12/01/2025

Title : The art and science of mentoring. Personal Author(s) : Allen TD;Eby LT; Published Date : 2021/01/01 Pages in Document : 15-22 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249496 Allen TD and Eby LT (2021). The art and science of mentoring.. Allen TD and Eby LT "The art and science of mentoring." (2021) Allen TD and Eby LT "The art and science of mentoring." , 2021 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Book AU - Allen TD AU - Eby LT AB - Is mentoring an art or is it science? The authors of this chapter define how art and science are relevant to mentoring theory. They suggest that it must be a balance of both art and science and note that, like all relationships, each mentor/protege relationship will require a unique balance. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249496 KW - Behavior KW - Education KW - Engineering KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Workplace KW - Work organization; Occupational psychology; Psychological responses; Workplace studies; Workers; Work environment; Behavior; Education; Engineering; Mathematical models; Design criteria; KW - Author Keywords: Mentor; mentee; mentoring; protege KW - Behavior KW - Education KW - Engineering KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Workplace LA - eng PB - Information Age Publishing, Inc. PY - 2021/01/01 TI - The art and science of mentoring. UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249496 ER -
In vitro airway models from mice, rhesus macaques, and humans maintain species differences in xenobiotic metabolism and cellular responses to naphthalene.

Ding X ;

Kelty JS

2022/09/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

The translational value of high-throughput toxicity testing will depend on pharmacokinetic validation. Yet, popular in vitro airway epithelia models were optimized for structure and mucociliary function without considering the bioactivation or detoxification capabilities of lung-specific enzymes. This study evaluated xenobiotic metabolism maintenan ...

12/01/2025

Title : In vitro airway models from mice, rhesus macaques, and humans maintain species differences in xenobiotic metabolism and cellular responses to naphthalene. Personal Author(s) : Ding X;Kelty JS;Kovalchuk N;Uwimana E;Van Winkle LS;Yin L; Published Date : 2022/09/01 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249495 Ding X et al. (2022). In vitro airway models from mice, rhesus macaques, and humans maintain species differences in xenobiotic metabolism and cellular responses to naphthalene.. 323(3). Ding X et al. "In vitro airway models from mice, rhesus macaques, and humans maintain species differences in xenobiotic metabolism and cellular responses to naphthalene." 323, no. 3 (2022) Ding X et al. "In vitro airway models from mice, rhesus macaques, and humans maintain species differences in xenobiotic metabolism and cellular responses to naphthalene." vol. 323, no. 3, 2022 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Ding X AU - Kelty JS AU - Kovalchuk N AU - Uwimana E AU - Van Winkle LS AU - Yin L AB - The translational value of high-throughput toxicity testing will depend on pharmacokinetic validation. Yet, popular in vitro airway epithelia models were optimized for structure and mucociliary function without considering the bioactivation or detoxification capabilities of lung-specific enzymes. This study evaluated xenobiotic metabolism maintenance within differentiated air-liquid interface (ALI) airway epithelial cell cultures (human bronchial; human, rhesus, and mouse tracheal), isolated airway epithelial cells (human, rhesus, and mouse tracheal; rhesus bronchial), and ex vivo microdissected airways (rhesus and mouse) by measuring gene expression, glutathione content, and naphthalene metabolism. Glutathione levels and detoxification gene transcripts were measured after 1-hour exposure to 80 µM naphthalene (a bioactivated toxicant) or reactive naphthoquinone metabolites. Glutathione and glutathione-related enzyme transcript levels were maintained in ALI cultures from all species relative to source tissues, while cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene expression declined. Notable species differences among the models included: a 40-fold lower total glutathione content for mouse ALI trachea cells relative to human and rhesus; a higher rate of naphthalene metabolism in mouse ALI cultures for naphthalene-glutathione formation (100-fold over rhesus) and naphthalene-dihydrodiol production (10-fold over human); and opposite effects of 1,2-naphthoquinone exposure in some models - glutathione was depleted in rhesus tissue but rose in mouse ALI samples. The responses of an immortalized bronchial cell line to naphthalene and naphthoquinones were inconsistent with those of human ALI cultures. These findings of preserved species differences and the altered balance of Phase-I and Phase-II xenobiotic metabolism among the characterized in vitro models should be considered for future pulmonary toxicity testing. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249495 IS - 3 KW - Animals KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Energy Metabolism KW - Enzymes KW - Genetics KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Laboratories KW - Lung KW - Naphthalenes KW - Occupational Health KW - Respiratory System KW - Safety KW - In vitro study; Models; Animals; Laboratory animals; Humans; Xenobiotics; Metabolism; Naphthalenes; Toxins; Lung; Enzymes; Cell cultures; Detoxification; Genes; Metabolites; Sampling; KW - Author Keywords: in vitro models; naphthalene; pulmonary toxicity; species differences; xenobiotic metabolism KW - Animals KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Energy Metabolism KW - Enzymes KW - Genetics KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Laboratories KW - Lung KW - Naphthalenes KW - Occupational Health KW - Respiratory System KW - Safety LA - eng PY - 2022/09/01 TI - In vitro airway models from mice, rhesus macaques, and humans maintain species differences in xenobiotic metabolism and cellular responses to naphthalene. VL - 323 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249495 ER -
The contribution of occupation-specific factors to the deaths of despair, Massachusetts, 2005-2015.

Davis, Letitia ;

Hawkins D

2021/08/05 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Objectives: In the USA, deaths from poisonings (especially opioids), suicides, and alcoholic liver disease, collectively referred to as 'deaths of despair', have been increasing rapidly over the past two decades. The risk of deaths from these causes is known to be higher among certain occupations. It may be that specific exposures and experiences o ...

12/01/2025

Title : The contribution of occupation-specific factors to the deaths of despair, Massachusetts, 2005-2015. Personal Author(s) : Davis, Letitia;Hawkins D;Kriebel D;Punnett, Laura; Published Date : 2021/08/05 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249494 Davis, Letitia et al. (2021). The contribution of occupation-specific factors to the deaths of despair, Massachusetts, 2005-2015.. 65(7). Davis, Letitia et al. "The contribution of occupation-specific factors to the deaths of despair, Massachusetts, 2005-2015." 65, no. 7 (2021) Davis, Letitia et al. "The contribution of occupation-specific factors to the deaths of despair, Massachusetts, 2005-2015." vol. 65, no. 7, 2021 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Davis, Letitia AU - Hawkins D AU - Kriebel D AU - Punnett, Laura AB - Objectives: In the USA, deaths from poisonings (especially opioids), suicides, and alcoholic liver disease, collectively referred to as 'deaths of despair', have been increasing rapidly over the past two decades. The risk of deaths from these causes is known to be higher among certain occupations. It may be that specific exposures and experiences of workers in these occupations explain these differences in risk. This study sought to determine whether differences in the risk of deaths of despair were associated with rate of occupational injuries and illnesses, job insecurity, and temporal changes in employment in non-standard work arrangements. Methods: Usual occupation information was collected from death certificates of Massachusetts residents aged 16-64 with relevant causes of death between 2005 and 2015. These data were combined with occupation-level data about occupational injuries and illnesses, job insecurity, and non-standard work arrangements. We calculated occupation-specific mortality rates for deaths of despair, categorized by occupational injury and illnesses rates and job insecurity. We calculated trends in mortality according to changes in non-standard work arrangements. Results: Workers in occupations with higher injury and illnesses rates and more job insecurity had higher rates of deaths of despair, especially opioid-related deaths. Rates of deaths of despair increased most rapidly for occupations with increasing prevalence of workers employed in non-standard work arrangements. Conclusions: The findings suggest occupational factors that may contribute to the risk of deaths of despair. Future studies should examine these factors with individual-level data. In the meantime, efforts should be made to address these factors, which also represent known or suspected hazards for other adverse health outcomes. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249494 IS - 7 KW - Coal KW - Coal Mining KW - Mining KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Mortality rates; Mortality data; Occupations; Suicide; Traumatic injuries; Health disparities; Mental health; Occupational diseases; Work organization; KW - Author Keywords: alcoholic liver disease; deaths of despair; job insecurity; non-standard work arrangements; occupation; opioids; suicide; work injuries KW - Coal KW - Coal Mining KW - Mining KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety LA - eng PY - 2021/08/05 TI - The contribution of occupation-specific factors to the deaths of despair, Massachusetts, 2005-2015. VL - 65 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249494 ER -
Speeding diagnosis and saving money using point of care ultrasound rather than MRI for work-related MSK injuries.

Jeffries JA

2019/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

This descriptive retrospective cohort study utilized a large workers comp insurer database. All MRI's performed on peripheral joints during calendar year 2017 that were (a) 2 weeks after the initial clinic visit, or (b) greater than 6 weeks after injury, but (c) not more than 3 months after the date of injury were evaluated in this study. Individua ...

12/01/2025

Title : Speeding diagnosis and saving money using point of care ultrasound rather than MRI for work-related MSK injuries. Personal Author(s) : Jeffries JA Published Date : 2019/03/01 Pages in Document : 1-22 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249493 Jeffries JA (2019). Speeding diagnosis and saving money using point of care ultrasound rather than MRI for work-related MSK injuries.. Jeffries JA "Speeding diagnosis and saving money using point of care ultrasound rather than MRI for work-related MSK injuries." (2019) Jeffries JA "Speeding diagnosis and saving money using point of care ultrasound rather than MRI for work-related MSK injuries." , 2019 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Thesis AU - Jeffries JA AB - This descriptive retrospective cohort study utilized a large workers comp insurer database. All MRI's performed on peripheral joints during calendar year 2017 that were (a) 2 weeks after the initial clinic visit, or (b) greater than 6 weeks after injury, but (c) not more than 3 months after the date of injury were evaluated in this study. Individual diagnoses rendered on MRI reports for these cases were categorized as to whether ultrasound alone or ultrasound + xray could adequately provide the same diagnoses. Results showed that, ultrasound + xray would be able to provide all of the same diagnoses compared to MRI in 54% of cases vs 33% of cases using ultrasound alone, highlighting the utility of using ultrasound and xray together. The proportion of cases where ultrasound + xray could reasonably be substituted for MRI increases to 70% overall when less severe diagnoses, considered not likely to change management, were excluded from analysis. If point of care ultrasound was performed for all 1482 cases with subsequent MRIs pursued in only 30% of cases, a cost savings between $456,186 and $331,698 would be realized, translating to $308 to $224 per patient. Additionally, if ultrasound + xray was performed at the point of care during the first clinic visit for an injury, the definitive diagnoses could be reached on average 33.3 days earlier. In total, these results suggest a significant proportion of musculoskeletal workers comp injuries could be accurately and completely evaluated at the point of care using ultrasound and xray together. This could yield greater provider and patient confidence in the diagnosis and treatment plan as well as more expeditious accurate diagnoses leading to reductions in both direct and indirect costs. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249493 KW - Education KW - Mining KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Staff Development KW - MRI; Magnetic resonance imaging; Workers; Work environment; Workers Compensation; Databases; Injuries; Ultrasound; X-rays; Diagnostic techniques; Statistical analysis; Musculoskeletal system disorders; MSD; KW - Author Keywords: Musculoskeletal injuries; Work injuries; POCUS; Musculoskeletal ultrasound KW - Education KW - Mining KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Staff Development LA - eng PB - University of South Florida PY - 2019/03/01 TI - Speeding diagnosis and saving money using point of care ultrasound rather than MRI for work-related MSK injuries. UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249493 ER -
Stress is in the air: ambient reactive oxygen species and COVID-19.

Balmes JR

2021/07/15 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

The paper by Stieb and colleagues (pp. 168-177) in this issue of the Journal is of interest in several domains. First, although still an ecological study of the potential impact of exposure to air pollution on the risk of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), it addresses some of the critiques of previously published studies. Instead of a comparison acro ...

12/01/2025

Title : Stress is in the air: ambient reactive oxygen species and COVID-19. Personal Author(s) : Balmes JR Published Date : 2021/07/15 Pages in Document : 118-120 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249492 Balmes JR (2021). Stress is in the air: ambient reactive oxygen species and COVID-19.. 204(2). Balmes JR "Stress is in the air: ambient reactive oxygen species and COVID-19." 204, no. 2 (2021) Balmes JR "Stress is in the air: ambient reactive oxygen species and COVID-19." vol. 204, no. 2, 2021 Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Balmes JR AB - The paper by Stieb and colleagues (pp. 168-177) in this issue of the Journal is of interest in several domains. First, although still an ecological study of the potential impact of exposure to air pollution on the risk of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), it addresses some of the critiques of previously published studies. Instead of a comparison across regions with differing exposures that inherently includes regional differences regarding potentially confounding variables, it is a study of neighborhood differences across a single city, Toronto. Second, the authors used a novel air pollution exposure metric, estimated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fine particulate matter (particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter [PM2.5]), based on a model of ROS in human epithelial lining fluid and a land use regression model of iron and copper in PM2.5 from multiple monitoring sites across Toronto in 2016-2017. Yet another important aspect of the use of ROS as the exposure metric is the support the analysis gives to the putative oxidative stress mechanism for the PM2.5 association with COVID-19 outcomes observed in other studies... Although this study addressed many of the limitations of other studies attempting to study the impact of exposure to air pollution on COVID-19, it remains an ecological study from which causality cannot be inferred. Studies with individual-level data for both exposures and outcomes are needed. To date, it has been difficult for investigators to obtain data from public health agencies that include both residential addresses and individual-level covariate data. Although this is understandable in terms of privacy concerns, it remains imperative to determine if exposure to air pollution is truly a risk factor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and/or COVID-19 morbidity, especially if this exposure is a mediator of the increased risks for people of color who are at lower incomes. The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically demonstrated the chronic health inequity that low-income communities of color experience in the United States and apparently Canada as well. The results of the Toronto study are just another reminder of the disproportionate burden of exposure to air pollution borne by such communities. Environmental justice is a necessary component of dismantling the systemic racism upon which U.S. society has been built and that also may blight Canadian society. [Description provided by NIOSH] AN - cdc:249492 IS - 2 KW - Aerosols KW - Air Pollution KW - Communicable Diseases KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Healthcare Disparities KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - SARS-CoV-2; Coronavirus; COVID-19; Aerosol particles; Aerosols; Air pollution; Health disparities; Environmental exposure KW - Aerosols KW - Air Pollution KW - Communicable Diseases KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Healthcare Disparities KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety LA - eng PY - 2021/07/15 TI - Stress is in the air: ambient reactive oxygen species and COVID-19. VL - 204 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249492 ER -

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