<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD with MathML3 v1.2 20190208//EN" "JATS-archivearticle1-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" article-type="article-commentary"><?properties manuscript?><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">0255562</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">5985</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">N Engl J Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">N. Engl. J. Med.</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The New England journal of medicine</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0028-4793</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1533-4406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">30625068</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7105955</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMc1814416</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">HHSPA1561698</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Persistence of Zika Virus in Body Fluids &#x02014; Final Report</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Paz-Bailey</surname><given-names>Gabriela</given-names></name><degrees>M.D., Ph.D.</degrees><aff id="A1">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention San Juan, PR</aff></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rosenberg</surname><given-names>Eli S.</given-names></name><degrees>Ph.D.</degrees><aff id="A2">University at Albany School of Public Health Albany, NY</aff></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sharp</surname><given-names>Tyler M.</given-names></name><degrees>Ph.D.</degrees><aff id="A3">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention San Juan, PR</aff></contrib></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="CR1"><email>gmb5@cdc.gov</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>28</day><month>2</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>10</day><month>1</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>31</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>380</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>198</fpage><lpage>199</lpage><!--elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1056/NEJMc1814416--><related-article related-article-type="commentary-article" xlink:href="5831142" ext-link-type="pmcid" id="ra1"/><related-article related-article-type="commentary-article" xlink:href="30628425" ext-link-type="pmid" id="ra2"/></article-meta></front><body><sec id="S1"><title>THE AUTHORS REPLY:</title><p id="P1">In reply to S&#x000e1;nchez-Montalv&#x000e1; and colleagues: in contrast to dengue, which has a well-defined spectrum of severe disease, most cases of noncongenital ZIKV disease are mild, except for rare complications such as Guillain&#x02013;Barr&#x000e9; syndrome.<sup><xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> In the participants in our study, the signs and symptoms were consistent with uncomplicated ZIKV disease. Furthermore, with respect to the duration of detectable ZIKV RNA, we saw no difference between the 35% of participants who were enrolled at outpatient clinics and those who were enrolled at emergency departments (P = 0.22). We agree that it is not known whether humans can be reinfected with ZIKV; however, studies in mice have shown protection from reinfection, including an absence of detectable viremia.<sup><xref rid="R2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></sup> In vitro evidence of antibody-dependent enhancement can occur in flaviviruses in the absence of in vivo evidence.<sup><xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup> A study from Colombia showed no evidence of in vivo enhancement of ZIKV in patients with previous dengue virus infection.<sup><xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup> Moreover, findings in men from the continental United States, where dengue virus rarely circulates, were similar to those of our study.<sup><xref rid="R5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup> Finally, sexual transmission contributes to a small percentage of ZIKV infections and would not affect our findings.</p></sec></body><back><fn-group><fn fn-type="COI-statement" id="FN1"><p id="P2">Since publication of their article, the authors report no further potential conflict of interest.</p></fn></fn-group><ref-list><ref id="R1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Hills</surname><given-names>SL</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Fischer</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Petersen</surname><given-names>LR</given-names></name>. <article-title>Epidemiology of Zika virus infection</article-title>. <source>J Infect Dis</source>
<year>2017</year>;<volume>216</volume>:<issue>Suppl 10</issue>:<fpage>S868</fpage>&#x02013;<lpage>S874</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">29267914</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Turner</surname><given-names>LH</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Kinder</surname><given-names>JM</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Wilburn</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name>, <etal/>
<article-title>Preconceptual Zika virus asymptomatic infection protects against secondary prenatal infection</article-title>. <source>PLoS Pathog</source>
<year>2017</year>;<volume>13</volume>(<issue>11</issue>):<fpage>e1006684</fpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">29145516</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Sariol</surname><given-names>CA</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Nogueira</surname><given-names>ML</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Vasilakis</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name>. <article-title>A tale of two viruses: does heterologous flavivirus immunity enhance Zika disease?</article-title>
<source>Trends Microbiol</source>
<year>2018</year>;<volume>26</volume>:<fpage>186</fpage>&#x02013;<lpage>90</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">29122447</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Terzian</surname><given-names>ACB</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Schanoski</surname><given-names>AS</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Mota</surname><given-names>MTO</given-names></name>, <etal/>
<article-title>Viral load and cytokine response profile does not support antibody-dependent enhancement in dengue-primed Zika virus-infected patients</article-title>. <source>Clin Infect Dis</source>
<year>2017</year>;<volume>65</volume>:<fpage>1260</fpage>&#x02013;<lpage>5</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">29017246</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Mead</surname><given-names>PS</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Duggal</surname><given-names>NK</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Hook</surname><given-names>SA</given-names></name>, <etal/>
<article-title>Zika virus shedding in semen of symptomatic infected men</article-title>. <source>N Engl J Med</source>
<year>2018</year>;<volume>378</volume>:<fpage>1377</fpage>&#x02013;<lpage>85</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">29641964</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>